CN111484320A - 无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉‑氮化钛滑轨材料及其制备方法。本发明以刚玉为基体原料,刚玉在复合材料中体积分数为70‑80%;结合剂是非化学计量比氮化钛(TiNX,0.3≤X≤0.5),结合剂在复合材料中体积分数为20‑30%。本发明将非化学计量比化合物TiNx引入到刚玉基体中作结合剂,在较低的烧结温度下制备出微观组织细化以及强度、耐磨性、抗热震性和抗渣蚀性等都得到改善的复合材料。从而解决了棕刚玉‑碳化硅滑轨砖在使用过程中,SiC与铁形成不良产物而影响其使用寿命等关键问题。本发明与钢坯直接接触使用寿命长、成本低、长期高温工作性能稳定,是一种新型的适用于轧钢加热炉中的无冷却滑轨材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域,特别是涉及一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
滑轨作为轧钢加热炉的重要部件之一,是钢坯的支撑部件,与钢坯接触,直接影响钢坯的热均匀性,关系到金属轧制的产量、质量以及能源的消耗等。同时,长期在高温且受磨损的工作环境下,对其高温性能的稳定和使用寿命也是一个考验。与传统的水冷、汽冷滑轨技术相比,无冷却滑轨技术在轧钢加热炉中的应用,可以提高钢坯质量,简化工艺过程,减少冷却过程造成的能量损失。
无冷却滑轨多为陶瓷材料。国外一般采用电熔刚玉砖或电熔莫来石砖,在低温段则采用耐热铸钢金属滑轨,但价格很高,而且高温下容易氧化起皮,不耐磨。
国内多以最经济的刚玉为基体材料制备陶瓷滑轨。文献(蔡乔方主编.加热炉(第三版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2012:174-180.)中的棕刚玉-碳化硅滑轨砖,是以85%的棕刚玉加入15%碳化硅,再加5%磷酸铝作高温结合剂制备而成。但是,这种滑轨砖存在磨损量较大和渣侵蚀明显的问题,尤其是高温段。
棕刚玉-碳化硅滑轨砖之所以使用寿命短,一个很重要的原因是高温下SiC与铁元素反应能力较强,自身的抗氧化能力弱。SiC在高温作用下易受到铁的侵蚀,与铁产生化学反应,4Fe+SiCFeSi+Fe3C(勃兰特,格里安达斯,米库斯.陶瓷切削工具在加工黑色及有色合金时的磨损机理[J].欧洲陶瓷学会期刊,1990,6(5):273-290.)。而SiC在高温氧化气氛中会发生氧化作用,SiC+2O2SiO2+CO2(顾立德.特种耐火材料(第3版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:195-203.),再与钢坯表面的氧化铁皮反应,形成FeO-SiO2-Al2O3低共熔物。这就使得棕刚玉-碳化硅滑轨砖在高温环境下与钢坯接触时,接触面处的SiC与铁、氧相互作用,组织逐渐遭到破坏,加之不断摩擦,更加剧了这种破坏,最终使得棕刚玉-碳化硅滑轨砖的使用寿命大大缩短。
文献《新一代无水冷滑轨技术在轧钢加热炉中的应用》(冶金能源;钱惠国,陈晓艺,徐林生等;2012,31(2):22-25.)对原有棕刚玉滑轨砖骨料配方进行改进,添加一定数量的稀土元素,再经压机高压形成后,在1800℃高温焙烧而成。但是,这种刚玉滑轨砖在正常情况下,使用寿命也仅为10个月左右,且稀土元素的引入,必然对材料的高温性能产生不利影响。
中国专利(CN104341142A)公开一种由棕刚玉、白刚玉、氧化铝超微粉、氧化铬、氧化锆等为原料制备的用于冶金行业炼钢、轧钢和加热炉推钢滑轨的耐磨材料,耐磨性好、成本低廉,但其中添加了磷酸,会影响材料的高温性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料及其制备方法,该发明与钢坯直接接触使用寿命长、成本低、长期高温工作性能稳定,是一种新型的适用于轧钢加热炉中的无冷却滑轨材料。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料,以白刚玉/棕刚玉为基体原料,白刚玉/棕刚玉在滑轨材料中体积分数为70-80%;结合剂是非化学计量比氮化钛(TiNX,0.3≤X≤0.5),结合剂在滑轨材料中体积分数为20-30%。所述刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料常温耐压强度>110MPa,常温磨损量<5cm3,荷重软化温度>1800℃,渣蚀厚度<0.04mm,抗热震次数≥13次。
一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1
选择粒度为约3μm的电熔白刚玉/棕刚玉,电熔白刚玉/棕刚玉在所述滑轨材料中体积分数为70-80%,非化学计量比氮化钛(TiNX,0.3≤X≤0.5)在复合材料中体积分数为20-30%。
步骤2
将步骤1中按比例将上述两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成;球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质,球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3-9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
步骤3
将步骤2获得的混合粉料装入模具中,在液压机上压制成型,压力为5MPa。
步骤4
将步骤3获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空(真空度为6-9×10-3Pa)条件下,以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min、温度1400-1550℃,在此温度压力下保持10-20min进行烧结。
步骤5
完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至<60℃,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料。
本发明的有益效果是:该发明刚玉基体中引入非化学计量比TiNx,降低烧结温度,优化性能。TiNx中存在大量的N空位,在空位效应的作用下,加快粒子迁移扩散,有效降低烧结温度。TiN本身具有高硬高强、耐磨耐腐蚀、抗氧化等优良性能,尤其是在高温下具有较高的抵抗与钢反应能力,加之TiNx弥散分布于刚玉颗粒间,可改善显微结构,滑轨材料的性能得到显著提高。
具体实施方式
实施例1
①选择粒度约为3μm的电熔白刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.3);其中,白刚玉体积比75%,结合剂体积比为25%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1400℃,在此温度压力下保持20min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为128MPa,常温磨损量为4.35cm3,荷重软化温度为1880℃,渣蚀厚度为0.017mm,抗热震次数为16次。
实施例2
①选择粒度约为3μm的电熔白刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.4);其中,白刚玉体积比80%,结合剂体积比为20%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入石墨磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1450℃,在此温度压力下保持15min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为120MPa,常温磨损量为4.68cm3,荷重软化温度为1850℃,渣蚀厚度为0.029mm,抗热震次数为14次。
实施例3
①选择粒度约为3μm的白刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.5);其中,白刚玉体积比80%,结合剂体积比为20%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入石墨磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1550℃,在此温度压力下保持20min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为120MPa,常温磨损量为4.89cm3,荷重软化温度为1850℃,渣蚀厚度为0.030mm,抗热震次数为13次。
实施例4
①选择粒度约为3μm的棕刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.3);其中,白刚玉体积比70%,结合剂体积比为30%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入石墨磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1400℃,在此温度压力下保持10min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为119MPa,常温磨损量为4.36cm3,荷重软化温度为1850℃,渣蚀厚度为0.018mm,抗热震次数为18次。
实施例5
①选择粒度约为3μm的棕刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.4);其中,白刚玉体积比70%,结合剂体积比为30%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入石墨磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1450℃,在此温度压力下保持15min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为114MPa,常温磨损量为4.43cm3,荷重软化温度为1820℃,渣蚀厚度为0.018mm,抗热震次数为16次。
实施例6
①选择粒度约为3μm的棕刚玉,结合剂为非化学计量比氮化钛(TiN0.5);其中,白刚玉体积比75%,结合剂体积比为25%。
②按步骤①中比例将两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,此操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成。球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质;球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3~9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
③将步骤②获得的粉料装入石墨磨具中,在液压机上简单预压,压力约为5MPa。
④将步骤③获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空条件(真空度为6~9×10-3Pa)以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min升至温度1500℃,在此温度压力下保持20min。
⑤完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至60℃以下,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料。所得刚玉-氮化钛复合材料常温耐压强度为111MPa,常温磨损量为4.67cm3,荷重软化温度为1830℃,渣蚀厚度为0.024mm,抗热震次数为15次。
Claims (2)
1.一种无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料,其特征是:所述滑轨材料以白刚玉/棕刚玉为基体原料,白刚玉/棕刚玉在滑轨材料中体积分数为70-80%;结合剂是非化学计量比氮化钛(TiNX,0.3≤X≤0.5),结合剂在滑轨材料中体积分数为20-30%;所述刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料常温耐压强度>110MPa,常温磨损量<5cm3,荷重软化温度>1800℃,渣蚀厚度<0.04mm,抗热震次数≥13次。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料的制备方法,其特征是:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1
选择粒度为约3μm的电熔白刚玉/棕刚玉,所述电熔白刚玉/棕刚玉在所述复合材料中体积分数为70-80%,非化学计量比氮化钛(TiNX,0.3≤X≤0.5)在所述复合材料中体积分数为20-30%;
步骤2
将步骤1中按比例将上述两种粉料称量,装入行星式球磨机罐中,操作过程要在充满氩气的手套箱内完成;球磨罐和研磨介质均为WC材质,球料比为20:1,磨球的质量为800g,球径3-9mm,大中小球的比例为3:1:1;球磨机的转速为300rpm;球磨时间为2h。
步骤3
将步骤2获得的混合粉料装入模具中,在液压机上压制成型,压力为5MPa;
步骤4
将步骤3获得的组装块置于等离子放电烧结机的烧结室中的Z轴压头之间,在真空度为6-9×10-3Pa条件下,以压力40MPa、升温速度100℃/min、温度1400-1550℃,在此温度压力下保持10-20min进行烧结;
步骤5
完成后卸除压力并自然冷却至<60℃,取出组装块,清除杂物,获得无冷却轧钢加热炉刚玉-氮化钛滑轨材料。
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