CN111229240B - 铁酸铋催化剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
铁酸铋催化剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical group Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neutral red Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002897 Bi2Fe4O9 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002902 BiFeO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002060 nanoflake Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003145 α-Fe2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种铁酸铋催化剂及其制备方法和用途。本发明的制备方法包括以海藻酸钠水溶液为晶体生长导向剂制备铁酸铋前驱体,使铁酸铋前驱体与碱性溶液混合,在适于铁酸铋体前驱体与碱性溶液反应的温度下反应,得到铁酸铋催化剂。本发明的铁酸铋催化剂为纯相催化剂,并且具有制备方法简单、晶体结晶度高、晶体形貌规则的特点,其催化性能显著提高,在光催化制氢以及污染物光催化降解方面具有广阔应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂领域,具体地涉及铁酸铋催化剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
多铁材料是指同时具有两种或两种以上铁性有序(例如铁电、磁性等)的一类智能材料,已入选2007年度美国《科学》杂志公布的热点科学问题。铁酸铋Bi2Fe4O9(BFO)作为室温单相多铁性材料,不但具有优越的铁电特性,同时由于电、磁、应变之间的耦合作用,可以实现用电场控制磁化,是研究新型多铁材料的热点。该催化剂材料具有远高于室温的反铁磁奈尔温度和铁电居里温度,是少数在室温条件下同时具有铁电性与寄生弱铁磁性的单相多铁材料之一。
在光催化领域应用方面,尤其是太阳能作为一种新能源,可以利用光催化剂将水分解为氢气和氧气。由于分解水产氧是一个四电子反应,所以是分解水的决速步骤,因此需要开发一种高效分解水产氧光催化剂。目前,已经开发出大量的光催化分解水产氧催化剂,包括氧化钛、钒酸铋、氧化钨等,致力于制备高效的半导体基光催化剂。其中铁酸铋作为一种n型半导体,原料成本低,材料无毒无害等,已用于光催化分解水、处理环境污染物等。而且由于其具有合适的窄带隙(约2.0eV),而且价带位置较正(约2.5V),可以在热力学上满足光催化分解水产氧的需求。这些特殊的性质使具有极大的应用潜力和商业前景。
目前,已有多种制备方法用于制备铁酸铋材料,例如固相烧结法、磁控溅射法、快速液相烧结法、溶胶凝胶法、水热法和微波水热法等。传统制备方法通常需要在600℃预烧,然后加热到750℃到850℃之间得到产物。另外,传统制备方法得到的铁酸铋颗粒大且难以调节尺寸。虽然有研究表明加入有机助剂可以降低温度,但造价较高不利于工业生产。
例如,CN101890354A公开了一种降解水中有机污染物的铁酸铋光催化剂的制备方法。该方法采用溶剂热法合成光催化剂铁酸铋,合成时硝酸铋与硝酸铁的摩尔比为12:1,采用氙灯为光源,然后将铁酸铋与不同浓度的中性红溶液充分混合以光催化降解水溶液中的中性红染料。但该方法合成的催化剂颗粒尺寸大,因此反应比表面积较小。
再例如,王奔通过结合超声化学法与自蔓延法,制备出纳米级铁酸铋粉体。不过,X射线衍射(XRD)数据表明,制备出的粉体是含有少量杂相的纳米级铁酸铋。通过透射电镜与粒径分析仪对制备出的粉体进行分析,发现超声可以有效地减少纳米颗粒的半径[王奔.多铁性铁酸铋的合成与改性[D].苏州大学,2013]。
因此,找到一种制备方法简单且铁酸铋粒径可调的新方法是铁酸铋催化剂合成中面临的一项挑战。此外,铁酸铋催化剂本身具有的电荷迁移率、光生电荷的复合等性能远未达到理想水平,仍需进一步提高。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的至少部分技术问题,发明人进行了深入研究,通过大量实验发现通过加入海藻酸钠水溶液作为晶体生长导向剂制备铁酸铋前驱体,并控制碱性溶液的浓度、反应时间能够制备粒径可调且具有纳米级片状结构的铁酸铋纯相催化剂,催化剂的催化性能大大提高。至少部分地基于该发现完成了本发明。具体地,本发明包括以下内容。
本发明的第一方面,提供一种铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)铁酸铋前驱体的制备步骤,其包括将铁源和海藻酸钠水溶液混合,并加入铋源,搅拌均匀后得到铁酸铋前驱体;和
(2)铁酸铋催化剂的制备步骤,其包括使所述铁酸铋前驱体与碱性溶液混合,在适于铁酸铋体前驱体与碱性溶液反应的温度下混合反应,得到铁酸铋催化剂。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,所述铁源选自由氧化铁、硝酸铁、氯化铁和硫酸铁组成的组中的至少一种,所述铋源选自由氯化铋、硝酸铋和氧化铋组成的组中的至少一种。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,所述海藻酸钠水溶液浓度为3-30mg/mL。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)的铁源与铋源的摩尔比为1-4:0.2-3。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)的温度为180-300℃。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)中铁酸铋前驱体与碱性溶液混合时的体积比为1:1,且所述碱性溶液的浓度为2-9mol/L,所述溶液选自氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法中,进一步包括洗涤步骤,其包括使步骤(2)得到的铁酸铋催化剂与去离子水接触并洗涤。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种铁酸铋催化剂,其通过根据第一方面所述的制备方法得到。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂,所述催化剂具有微米的片状结构,且所述微米的片状结构长度为2-5微米。
本发明的第三方面,提供铁酸铋催化剂在光催化中的用途。
优选地,根据本发明的铁酸铋催化剂在光催化中的用途,所述用途包括光催化水制氢、处理环境污染物。
本发明的制备方法所制备的铁酸铋催化剂是一种纯相催化剂,与常规催化剂及其制备方法相比,具有制备方法简单、晶体结晶度高、晶体形貌规则的特点,并且催化性能显著提高。在催化剂领域,尤其是涉及光催化制氢以及污染物光催化降解具有广阔应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备得到的铁酸铋催化剂的X射线衍射图。
图2为本发明实施例1制备得到的铁酸铋催化剂的扫描电镜图。
图3为本发明一种示例性铁酸铋催化剂的光电流性能图。如图所示,未加入海藻酸钠的光电流密度约为10μA/cm2,二加入海藻酸钠制备的铁酸铋的光电流密度为40μA/cm2,增大了四倍,说明增加了光生电子-空穴的分离效率。
图4为本发明一种示例性铁酸铋催化剂光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能图。如图4所示,加入海藻酸钠制备的铁酸铋在50min内的降解率可高达100%。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为具体公开了该范围的上限和下限以及它们之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。除非另有说明,否则“%”为基于重量的百分数。
[铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法]
本发明的第一方面提供一种铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)铁酸铋前驱体的制备步骤,其包括将铁源和海藻酸钠水溶液混合,并加入铋源,搅拌均匀后得到铁酸铋前驱体;和
(2)铁酸铋催化剂的制备步骤,其包括使所述铁酸铋前驱体与碱性溶液混合,在适于铁酸铋体前驱体与碱性溶液反应的温度下混合反应,得到铁酸铋催化剂。
步骤(1)为铁酸铋催化剂前驱体的制备过程。其中,铁源提供铁酸铋前驱体的铁元素,铋源提供铁酸铋前驱体的铋元素。优选地,铁源选自由氧化铁、硝酸铁、氯化铁和硫酸铁组成的组中的至少一种。在具体实施方案中,铁源为氯化铁。优选地,铋源选自由氯化铋、硝酸铋和氧化铋组成的组中的至少一种。在具体实施方案中,铋源为硝酸铋。
优选地,铁源与铋源的摩尔比为1-4:0.2-3。更优选地,铁源与铋源的摩尔比为2-4:1,还优选为2:1。
步骤(1)中与铁源进行混合的海藻酸钠在本发明中作为铁酸铋晶体生长的导向剂。本发明人通过大量实验发现,海藻酸钠浓度和在制备体系中的配比是形成具有纳米片状结构纯相铁酸铋催化剂的影响因素之一。在本发明中,海藻酸钠活性位点中的羧基和羟基具有孤对电子,与本发明中铁离子发生螯合作用,引导晶体有序生长。同时通过控制铁源和铋源具体的配比控制纳米结构长度。优选地,海藻酸钠水溶液浓度为3-30mg/mL。更优选地,海藻酸钠水溶液浓度为5-28mg/mL。还优选为5-25mg/mL。
步骤(2)为通过碱性溶液在适于铁酸铋体前驱体与碱性溶液反应的温度下混合反应得到具有片状形态的纯相铁酸铋的步骤。本发明人发现采用一定浓度的碱性溶液具有优异的效果,更有利于形成片状结构的晶型。碱性溶液可以是强碱类型水溶液,也可以是弱碱类型的水溶液,例如氨水溶液。本发明的碱性溶液优选为强碱溶液。还优选地,强碱溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的水溶液。
优选地,本发明步骤(2)中铁酸铋前驱体与强碱溶液混合时的体积比为1:1,且所述强碱溶液的浓度为2-9mol/L,还优选为4-7mol/L。混合后进行反应的温度优选为180-300℃,还优选为180-200℃。在具体实施方案中,反应温度为200℃。反应的时间优选为12-30小时,还优选为12-24小时。进行反应的装置可采用已知方式进行,例如通过不锈钢反应釜进行反应。
[洗涤步骤]
本发明的制备方法可选地进一步包括洗涤步骤。其包括使步骤(2)得到的铁酸铋催化剂与去离子水接触并洗涤,通过洗涤其能够提升催化剂的纯度,特别是除去合成方法中没有除去的杂质。此类杂质包括但不限于钠盐和/或钾盐等无机盐类,通过干燥得到铁酸铋催化剂。这里的洗涤可以是一次,也可以多次,如进行两次或三次的洗涤。洗涤后用于干燥过程的条件在常压下即可。干燥温度不特别限定,可以在室温下进行。
本领域技术人员应理解,只要能够实现本发明的目的,在上述步骤(1)和(2)前后,或步骤之间还可包含其他步骤或操作,例如进一步优化和/或改善本发明所述的方法。
本发明人发现通过以海藻酸钠酸钠为晶体生长导向剂、控制铁源和铋源的配比以及合成过程中碱性条件的控制,可以得到理想催化性能的纯相铁酸铋催化剂。另外,在常规合成中,由于结晶过程易出现杂相掺杂的问题,尤其是例如BiFeO3、α-Fe2O3、β-Bi2O3以及不稳定的Bi25FeO40中间体的杂相问题,而通过本发明的方法可以避免结晶过程的这种偏析现象。另外对铁酸铋颗粒、尺寸可调节能够显著提高催化性能,因此具有广阔的工业应用前景。
[铁酸铋催化剂]
本发明的第二方面,提供一种铁酸铋催化剂,其由本发明的方法制备得到。优选地,其具有微米的片状结构,且所述片状结构的长度为2-5微米。其具有的片状结构可以暴露更多的活性位点,微米级结构改善了传统铁酸铋催化剂本身的电荷迁移率低、光生电荷容易复合的问题,明显降低了光生电子和空穴复合几率,显著提高光催化性能。另外,铁酸铋催化剂具有特殊的尺寸效应,这体现在当空间螺旋调制结构导致离子磁矩的抵消,因此催化剂材料的尺寸对催化性能研究越来越受到重视,在本发明中,纳米尺寸控制在较小范围之内,具有独特的晶格结构,因此材料同时拥有较好的磁化强度。
[铁酸铋催化剂的用途]
本发明的第三方面,提供一种铁酸铋催化剂在光催化中的用途,优选地,其用途包括但不限于在光催化水制氢、处理环境污染物中的应用。
实施例
本实施例为一种制备铁酸铋催化剂的示例性方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)铁酸铋前驱体的制备:
将0.1g-0.5g海藻酸钠溶解于20mL去离子水中,充分搅拌均匀。向海藻酸钠溶液里加入2-4mmol氯化铁(或者硫酸铁、硝酸铁等),充分搅拌后加入1-2mmol硝酸铋,使得铋与铁的摩尔比为1:2。搅拌均匀后得到棕色前驱体混合物。
(2)在前驱体混合物中逐滴加入20mL的4-7mol/L的NaOH水溶液。搅拌均匀后转移至100mL的不锈钢反应釜内,在200℃条件下水热12-24小时。得到的粉末充分洗涤后,干燥,即可制得铁酸铋微米片。
对铁酸铋催化剂的X-射线衍射图如图1所示,根据和标准卡片25-0090进行对比,结果证明所制备的铁酸铋为纯相,没有杂质的存在。此外,峰强较高且半峰宽较小,说明所制备的铁酸铋的结晶度较高。
对铁酸铋催化剂的扫描电镜图如图2所示,图中可以看出所制备的铁酸铋样品具有0.5μm左右的厚度,长宽为2-5μm左右的片状形貌。
光电流测试:取20mg光催化材料和碘研磨均匀后加入到适量丙酮中,超声5min混合均匀。将ITO导电玻璃浸入丙酮溶液中,铂片电极平行放置,用恒电位仪在两电极间加50V恒电位,沉积10min,在室温下干燥后,300℃下焙烧2h,制得光电极。光电流在CHI760E型电化学工作站测得,采用三电极体系,工作电极为自制的薄膜光电极,参比电极为Ag/AgCl电极,对电极为铂片电极,电解液为0.5M Na2SO4溶液,用300W氙灯作为模拟光源。光电流测试结果如图3所示。
光催化降解性能测试:取50mg样品分散在100mL的亚甲基蓝溶液(50mg/L)中。使用300W氙灯光源垂直照射。每隔一段时间后,取5mL溶液进行离心分离,取上清液用紫外可见分光光度计测量吸光度,计算降解率。光催化降解性能结果如图4所示。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
Claims (5)
1.一种铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)铁酸铋前驱体的制备步骤,其包括将铁源和海藻酸钠水溶液混合,然后加入铋源,搅拌均匀后得到棕色铁酸铋前驱体混合物,所述海藻酸钠水溶液浓度为3-30mg/mL;所述的铁源与铋源的摩尔比为1-4:0.2-3;和
(2)铁酸铋催化剂的制备步骤,其包括使所述铁酸铋前驱体混合物与碱性溶液混合,搅拌均匀后转移至不锈钢反应釜内,在200℃条件下水热12-24小时,得到的粉末充分洗涤后,干燥,即可制得厚度为0.5μm,长宽为2-5μm的片状形貌的铁酸铋催化剂;所述铁酸铋前驱体混合物与碱性溶液混合时的体积比为0.5-1.5:1,且所述碱性溶液的浓度为2-9mol/L,所述碱性溶液选自氢氧化钠和/或氢氧化钾的水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铁源选自由硝酸铁、氯化铁和硫酸铁组成的组中的至少一种;所述铋源选自由氯化铋和硝酸铋组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铁酸铋催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,进一步包括洗涤步骤,其包括使步骤(2)得到的铁酸铋催化剂与水接触并洗涤。
4.一种铁酸铋催化剂,其根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的制备方法得到。
5.根据权利要求4所述的铁酸铋催化剂在光催化水制氢、处理环境污染物中的用途。
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