CN111165685A - Feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass winter and preparation method of feed - Google Patents
Feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass winter and preparation method of feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111165685A CN111165685A CN202010012247.0A CN202010012247A CN111165685A CN 111165685 A CN111165685 A CN 111165685A CN 202010012247 A CN202010012247 A CN 202010012247A CN 111165685 A CN111165685 A CN 111165685A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, cassava starch, seaweed gel, yeast hydrolysate, grease, immune complex, composite mineral, composite vitamin and betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and methionine selenium. The feed prepared by the invention can meet the nutritional requirements of the micropterus salmoides during the wintering period, and simultaneously can improve the resistance of the micropterus salmoides against the nocardia infection and improve the wintering survival rate of the micropterus salmoides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish culture feed, in particular to feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass winter and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Micropterus salmoneides (Micropterus salmoneides), also known as Lateolabrax japonicus, originally produced in California of America, was introduced into China in the 80 th century of the 20 th century and successfully bred artificially, is a famous and precious wide-temperature carnivorous fresh water variety, has the characteristics of fresh and tender meat quality, rich nutrition and no interpupillary thorn, and simultaneously has the characteristics of large size, fast growth and strong adaptability, and is widely popular with consumers and farmers.
With the increase of the market demand of the micropterus salmoides, the scale of artificial breeding of the micropterus salmoides is gradually enlarged in recent years, the breeding of the micropterus salmoides is mainly based on the feeding of the iced fresh fish at present, but the iced fresh fish is used as natural bait, has more defects, and is not environment-friendly, large in water body pollution, more in carried bacteria, inconvenient to feed and the like. The compound feed is used as essential production information in the breeding process of the micropterus salmoides, the growth of the micropterus salmoides is directly influenced by the proportion of the nutrient components of the compound feed, but the special feed products for the micropterus salmoides in the market are fewer, the feed products are different in quality, and the compound feed specially used for the overwintering of the micropterus salmoides is fewer. On one hand, the temperature is lower during the overwintering period, so that the micropterus salmoides have higher requirements on body fat and liver and gall health, the required feed can ensure the nutrition of the micropterus salmoides, improve the immunity of the organism while keeping the fat and reduce the death rate during the overwintering period. On the other hand, in the winter period of recent years, nocardiosis of weever is in a multiple situation, the size of diseased fish is smaller and smaller, the disease condition is more and more serious, the diseased fish has symptoms of inappetence, scale falling off, red blood spots on the body surface and even ulceration, and the death rate of natural morbidity is 15% -30%, and the serious mortality can reach 60%. Therefore, the existing feed is difficult to meet the requirement of the overwintering of the micropterus salmoides, and the compound feed capable of meeting the nutritional requirement of the micropterus salmoides during the overwintering period and improving the resistance of the micropterus salmoides against the nocardia infection is developed according to the overwintering growth development and physiological characteristics of the micropterus salmoides at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the feed for the winter passing of the micropterus salmoides and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a feed for enabling Micropterus salmoides to pass winter comprises steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, cassava starch, seaweed gel, yeast hydrolysate, grease, immune complex, compound mineral, compound vitamin and betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine.
the invention selects steam fish meal, insect protein and pig plasma protein as animal source protein, has good palatability and easy digestion, the insect protein is rich in lauric acid, has the effects of inhibiting bacteria and improving intestinal flora, cassava starch and seaweed gel are selected as sugar source and bonding raw materials, the forming, the buoyancy and the water resistance of feed are ensured, the starch content is low, the low-sugar feed can prevent liver of the bass of the California from being damaged, the yeast hydrolysate selected by the invention is rich in nucleotide, protein and polysaccharide, can obviously improve the feed intake of animals, has special delicate flavor, can obviously improve the intestinal health of the animals, improves the immunity of organisms, activates macrophages, induces the organisms to generate a series of humoral immune response, effectively adsorbs mycotoxin and the like, the added immune complex is a mixture of yeast cell walls and egg selenium, the yeast cell walls are green additives, are rich in β -glucan, Mannan (MOS) and various bioactive substances, has various physiological functions of enhancing immunity, preventing diseases, promoting growth, relieving stress, adsorbing mycotoxin, supplementing nutrition and the like, has important physiological functions of enhancing the stress resistance of the cell walls of the bass, stress resistance, immunity of the yeast cell walls of the sea bass and improving the survival rate of the fish, and the resistance of the stress of the fish to infection of the fish.
The feed disclosed by the invention is prepared by compounding steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, cassava starch, seaweed gel, yeast hydrolysate, grease and immune complex, so that the nutritional requirements of the micropterus salmoides during the wintering period can be met, the resistance of the micropterus salmoides against nocardia infection can be improved, and the wintering survival rate of the micropterus salmoides can be improved.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of steam fish meal, 15-30 parts of insect protein, 10-15 parts of pig plasma protein, 10-15 parts of cassava starch, 10-15 parts of seaweed gel, 5-10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2-5 parts of grease, 2-3 parts of compound mineral, 0.14-0.2 part of immune complex, 0.2-0.3 part of compound vitamin and 0.2-0.5 part of betaine.
The invention further improves the resistance of the micropterus salmoides against the nocardia infection and improves the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides by optimizing the proportion of the steam fish meal, the insect protein, the pig plasma protein, the cassava starch, the seaweed gel, the yeast hydrolysate, the grease and the immune complex.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the yeast cell wall to the methionine selenium in the immune complex is 1000:0.5-2, so that the capability of the Micropterus salmoides in resisting the nocardia infection is improved, and the overwintering survival rate of the Micropterus salmoides is improved.
Preferably, the fats and oils include soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the soybean oil, the fish oil and the phospholipid oil in the grease is 2:2: 1. The invention selects the soybean oil: fish oil: the phospholipid oil is mixed according to the proportion of 2:2:1, so that the oil requirement of the micropterus salmoides is met.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, yeast hydrolysate, composite mineral matter, immune complex and betaine according to a ratio, crushing for the first time, and mixing uniformly to obtain a first mixed material;
(2) and (2) performing secondary crushing on the primary mixed material in the step (1), sieving, adding cassava starch and seaweed gel, performing secondary mixing, performing puffing tempering, extruding, drying, spraying grease, and adding compound vitamins to obtain the feed.
The compound vitamin is added as liquid and added after granulation is finished, so that the loss of the vitamin caused by high-temperature puffing is avoided.
Preferably, in the step of puffing and tempering, the tempering time is 240s, the tempering temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the water addition amount for tempering is 26-28 wt% of the secondary mixed material.
Preferably, in the extrusion step, the caliber of a flat die of the bulking machine is 2.5mm, and the water content of a die is 25 wt%.
Preferably, the drying time in the drying step is 30min, and the moisture of the dried material is 9-10%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the low-sugar puffed feed prepared from the raw materials of steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, cassava starch, seaweed gel, yeast hydrolysate, grease, immune complex and the like is rich and balanced in nutrition, high in animal protein, rich in small peptides and immune enhancers, good in palatability, easy to absorb, good in body constitution and strong in immunity when the Micropterus salmoides pass winter, can resist nocardia pathogen infection, is not easy to cause diseases and does not lose weight.
The product of the invention is granulated feed, has 100 percent of floating property, ensures that the feed cannot sink and waste, and is green and environment-friendly feed.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the examples, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used were commercially available without otherwise specified.
Example 1
The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of steam fish meal, 20 parts of insect protein, 15 parts of pig plasma protein, 12 parts of cassava starch, 13 parts of seaweed gel, 8 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2 parts of grease, 3 parts of compound mineral, 0.18 part of immune complex, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine, and the weight ratio of the yeast cell walls to the selenium methionine is 1000: 1; the grease consists of soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil, and the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil is 2:2: 1; the vitamin complex is liquid.
Example 2
The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter comprises the following components in parts by weight: the feed comprises, by weight, 50 parts of steam fish meal, 15 parts of insect protein, 10 parts of pig plasma protein, 10 parts of cassava starch, 10 parts of seaweed gel, 5 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2 parts of grease, 2 parts of compound mineral, 0.14 part of immune complex, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 0.2 part of betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine, and the weight ratio of the yeast cell walls to the selenium methionine is 1000: 1; the grease consists of soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil, and the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil is 2:2: 1; the vitamin complex is liquid.
Example 3
The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of steam fish meal, 30 parts of insect protein, 15 parts of pig plasma protein, 15 parts of cassava starch, 15 parts of seaweed gel, 10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 5 parts of grease, 3 parts of compound mineral, 0.2 part of immune complex, 0.3 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine, and the weight ratio of the yeast cell walls to the selenium methionine is 1000: 1; the grease consists of soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil, and the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil is 2:2: 1; the vitamin complex is liquid.
Example 4
The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of steam fish meal, 20 parts of insect protein, 15 parts of pig plasma protein, 12 parts of cassava starch, 13 parts of seaweed gel, 8 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2 parts of grease, 3 parts of compound mineral, 0.18 part of immune complex, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine, and the weight ratio of the yeast cell walls to the selenium methionine is 1000: 0.5; the grease consists of soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil, and the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil is 2:2: 1; the vitamin complex is liquid.
Example 5
The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of steam fish meal, 20 parts of insect protein, 15 parts of pig plasma protein, 12 parts of cassava starch, 13 parts of seaweed gel, 8 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2 parts of grease, 3 parts of compound mineral, 0.18 part of immune complex, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 0.5 part of betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and selenium methionine, and the weight ratio of the yeast cell walls to the selenium methionine is 1000: 2; the grease consists of soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil, and the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil is 2:2: 1; the vitamin complex is liquid.
The method of preparing the feed of examples 1-5, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, yeast hydrolysate, composite mineral matter, immune complex and betaine according to a ratio, crushing for the first time, and mixing uniformly to obtain a first mixed material;
(2) performing secondary crushing on the primary mixed material in the step (1), sieving, adding cassava starch and seaweed gel, performing secondary mixing, performing puffing tempering, extruding, drying, spraying grease, and adding compound vitamins to obtain the feed;
wherein in the step of puffing and tempering, the tempering time is 240s, the tempering temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the tempering water addition amount is 26-28 wt% of the secondary mixed material;
in the extrusion step, the aperture of a flat die of the bulking machine is 2.5mm, and the water content of a die outlet is 25 wt%;
the drying time in the drying step is 30min, the moisture of the dried material is 10.5%, and the moisture of the cooled material is 9.5%.
Cultivation test
Cage culture experiments of 1 month of the growth period of the micropterus salmoides are selected, the experimental group is fed with the feed of the invention, specifically the micropterus salmoides feed obtained in examples 1-5, and the control group is fed with the feed of common commercial fish. During the test period, in winter, the air temperature is 7-26 ℃, the weight gain rate, the survival rate and the feed coefficient of the experimental fish are measured after the experiment, and the lysozyme activity, the superoxide dismutase activity and the malonaldehyde content in the serum are sampled and detected; and injecting nocardia into the micropterus salmoides of the experimental group and the control group to carry out a toxicity counteracting test, wherein each group has 3 repetitions of 45 fishes, continuously observing for one week, and recording the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides of the experimental group and the control group.
TABLE 1 growth indices
| Detecting items | Control group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Initial weight | 133.2. + -. 5.56 g/tail | 131.2 +/-6.51 g/tail | 132.8 +/-8.56 g/tail | 131.9 +/-6.63 g/tail | 132.4. + -. 3.78 g/tail | 132.4. + -. 4.95 g/tail |
| Terminal weight | 243 +/-5.41 g/tail | 285 +/-4.23 g/tail | 290 +/-3.76 g/tail | 288 +/-6.13 g/tail | 283 +/-3.83 g/tail | 291. + -. 5.24 g/tail |
| Coefficient of feed | 1.01±0.08b | 0.93±0.03a | 0.89±0.08a | 0.92±0.06a | 0.93±0.11a | 0.90±0.05a |
| Survival rate | 85％ | 95％ | 96％ | 95％ | 97％ | 98％ |
TABLE 2 immunological indices of liver and gallbladder
TABLE 3 intestinal health index
| Detecting items | Control group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 example | Example 5 |
| Intestinal canal fold height (micron) | 560.45±40.13a | 680.56±35.23b | 670.37±30.25b | 686.16±29.17b | 676.51±19.83b | 689.73±31.58b |
| Intestinal canal fold width (micron) | 130.43±7.21a | 143.12±8.29b | 147.17±4.26b | 149.25±7.58b | 150.41±8.72b | 152.22±9.13b |
| Epithelial height (micron) | 17.23±1.28a | 19.64±1.33b | 19.92±1.47b | 18.93±1.18b | 19.26±0.96b | 20.34±1.81b |
TABLE 4 challenge test
From the results in tables 1-4, it can be seen that compared with the existing fish feed, the feed developed by the invention can meet the nutritional requirements of the micropterus salmoides during the wintering period, prevent the liver of the micropterus salmoides from being damaged, improve the intestinal health of the micropterus salmoides, improve the resistance of the micropterus salmoides against nocardia infection and improve the wintering survival rate.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass winter is characterized by comprising steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, cassava starch, seaweed gel, yeast hydrolysate, grease, immune complex, compound mineral, compound vitamin and betaine, wherein the immune complex consists of yeast cell walls and methionine selenium.
2. The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of steam fish meal, 15-30 parts of insect protein, 10-15 parts of pig plasma protein, 10-15 parts of cassava starch, 10-15 parts of seaweed gel, 5-10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 2-5 parts of grease, 2-3 parts of compound mineral, 0.14-0.2 part of immune complex, 0.2-0.3 part of compound vitamin and 0.2-0.5 part of betaine.
3. The feed for the overwintering of micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of yeast cell walls to selenium methionine in the immune complex is 1000: 0.5-2.
4. The feed for the overwintering of micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 2, wherein the oil comprises soybean oil, fish oil and phospholipid oil.
5. The feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass winter according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the soybean oil to the fish oil to the phospholipid oil in the oil is 2:2: 1.
6. The method for preparing feed for the overwintering of micropterus salmoides as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing steam fish meal, insect protein, pig plasma protein, yeast hydrolysate, composite mineral matter, immune complex and betaine according to a ratio, crushing for the first time, and mixing uniformly to obtain a first mixed material;
(2) and (2) performing secondary crushing on the primary mixed material in the step (1), sieving, adding cassava starch and seaweed gel, performing secondary mixing, performing puffing tempering, extruding, drying, spraying grease, and adding compound vitamins to obtain the feed.
7. The preparation method of the feed for enabling micropterus salmoides to pass the winter according to claim 6, wherein in the puffing and tempering steps, the tempering time is 240s, the tempering temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the tempering water addition amount is 26-28 wt% of the secondary mixed material.
8. The method for preparing feed for micropterus salmoides to pass winter according to claim 6, wherein in the extruding step, the bore of a flat die of the bulking machine is 2.5mm, and the water content of the die is 25 wt%.
9. The method for preparing feed for micropterus salmoides to pass winter according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein in the drying step, the drying time is 30min, and the moisture content of the dried material is 9 to 10 percent.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112741232A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-04 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Frozen fresh pellet feed formula for micropterus salmoides and feeding tool thereof |
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| CN107996888A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-08 | 珠海联鲲生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Procambius clarkii is into new disease-resistant additive of shrimp and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109198261A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-15 | 中山大学 | A kind of Micropterus salmoides low sugar mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112741232A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-04 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Frozen fresh pellet feed formula for micropterus salmoides and feeding tool thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |