CN110658553B - Method and system for detecting reservoir fluid properties - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for reservoir fluid property detection, the method comprising the steps of: separating fast S waves from slow S waves of the converted wave seismic data; respectively calculating frequency division attributes and frequency change attributes of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave seismic data; in an anisotropic medium, reservoir fluid detection is carried out according to different rock physical characteristics of different reservoir fluids influencing P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves, and frequency division properties and frequency change properties of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves are combined to determine reservoir fluid properties; and fusing and analyzing the obtained spatial distribution conditions of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave to further determine the properties of the reservoir fluid, and further determining the properties of the reservoir fluid according to the rock physical characteristics that the shear S wave is split due to the change of the fluid properties along with the change of the frequency and the influence of the change of the fluid properties on the speed of the slow S wave is more than 4 percent and the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to fluid detection in the field of petroleum exploration and development, and particularly relates to a method and a system for detecting the properties of a stratum fluid.
Background
The method for detecting the reservoir fluid at the present stage is mainly embodied in the following aspects: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out differential analysis research on physical properties of reservoir rocks under different fluid properties, analyzing the physical properties of fluids under a reservoir environment, and estimating wave response characteristics of the fluid-containing rocks by combining distribution characteristics of the fluids and connection between the distribution characteristics and pore structures, wherein the wave response characteristics are connected with actual problems; (2) reservoir fluid detection is further carried out on the basis of pre-stack and post-stack inversion of reservoir seismic data; (3) and discovering and analyzing seismic attributes sensitive to reservoir fluid, and further carrying out reservoir fluid detection.
From three patent applications identified, the CN201210315777.8 application entitled reservoir fluid testing method and reservoir fluid testing apparatus relates to a reservoir fluid testing method comprising: an angle gather acquisition step, wherein the seismic data are processed, so that an angle gather is extracted; a parameter obtaining step, namely obtaining a longitudinal wave velocity Vp, a transverse wave velocity Vs and a density rho according to the obtained angle gather; a fluid factor determination step of determining an exponential poisson's ratio fluid factor, which is a fluid factor whose logarithm is a function of the poisson's ratio of the rock or the formation, from the calculated compressional velocity Vp, shear velocity Vs, and density ρ, and a hydrocarbon reservoir determination step of determining whether a hydrocarbon reservoir exists from the exponential poisson's ratio fluid factor. CN201410593709.7 entitled "a fluid identification method based on equivalent fluid acoustic impedance" relates to a fluid identification method based on equivalent fluid acoustic impedance in the technical field of exploration, which first obtains a data set of a reservoir through a logging method or a rock physics testing method, then constructs the rock density of saturated fluid, then obtains the acoustic impedance of the saturated fluid rock through inversion, decomposes the acoustic impedance into the sum of skeleton equivalent acoustic impedance and equivalent fluid acoustic impedance, and calculates the equivalent fluid acoustic impedance by using the inverted acoustic impedance and the skeleton equivalent acoustic impedance; and (3) carrying out graphic display on the data set of the equivalent fluid acoustic impedance by using seismic display software in the petroleum geophysical prospecting industry, and carrying out fluid identification according to the display graphics. The method can reflect the porosity and the contained fluid property of the rock, has simple requirements on seismic data, and has small calculation amount and relatively simple calculation. Fluid identification can be better performed. The name of a seismic data fluid identification method based on signal low-frequency strong anomaly self-adaptive extraction is CN201310392124.4, which relates to a seismic data fluid identification method based on signal low-frequency strong anomaly self-adaptive extraction, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1: checking well core data to determine the underground depth position of the fluid reservoir, performing spectral decomposition on seismic signals of seismic channels beside the well, observing whether the fluid reservoir has seismic reflection characteristics with low frequency and strong amplitude compared with surrounding rocks, and if so, turning to the step 2; step 2: carrying out spectrum decomposition on a path of seismic signal based on low-frequency strong amplitude abnormity to obtain a time frequency spectrum of the path of seismic signal; and step 3: acquiring the instantaneous maximum energy of each moment in the time-frequency spectrum obtained in the step (2); and 4, step 4: repeating the step 2 and the step 3 for the next seismic signal until all the seismic channel parts are finished; and 5: and identifying the seismic data fluid by using the seismic reflection characteristics of the low-frequency strong amplitude. The method can be used for quickly and adaptively extracting the low-frequency abnormality of the seismic signal.
From the three found literature documents, the oil and gas reservoir evaluation and development (2012-2) article, "fluid sensitivity analysis of petrophysical parameters", provides a method for constructing the petrophysical fluid sensitivity parameters aiming at different sensitivities of different petrophysical parameters to reservoir fluids, and analyzes the fluid sensitivity of different petrophysical parameters and combinations. On the basis of classification of rock physical parameters, a combination parameter consisting of a shearing parameter and a body property parameter is constructed, the body property parameter lambda is expressed as the comprehensive contribution of a dry rock parameter and a fluid parameter, and an optimal coefficient c value is selected by referring to experimental data, so that the constructed combination parameter can reflect the contribution of the fluid to the maximum extent. In the east-Ying-North zone, basic rock physical parameters are obtained through the measurement and calculation of deep rock samples in a laboratory, fluid sensitivity analysis is carried out on different rock physical parameters and combinations in the zone according to the definition of fluid sensitivity parameters, and the result shows that the constructed combination parameters have much higher sensitivity to reservoir fluid, so that the method has indicating significance for seeking rock physical parameters with better sensitivity to reservoir fluid identification. The geophysical progress (2013-6) article, carbonate reservoir fluid detection research in army river right bank majiwai area, starts from a rock physical model, analyzes the quantitative relation among limestone longitudinal and transverse wave speeds, elastic parameters and rock basic properties, searches for elastic properties sensitive to fluid, considers that the longitudinal and transverse wave speed ratio can better identify gas-water distribution, verifies the result of the rock physical analysis by using logging elastic parameters and fluid replacement by using actual data and selects gas reservoir sensitive parameters, establishes a gas reservoir prediction template suitable for the area, performs three-dimensional pre-stack simultaneous inversion by using a common reflection point gather obtained by pre-stack time migration, performs reservoir fluid identification by using an inversion result, the prediction result is well matched with a verification well, and the gas-containing distribution range reveals the existence of two gas reservoirs, and the petroleum geophysical article (2013-5) article, namely, hole seam type carbonate fluid detection and evaluation technology research based on pre-stack inversion The method is used for measuring the geophysical problem, particularly the property detection of the fluid in the fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir, establishing the technical process of the carbonate longitudinal and transverse wave velocity prediction method based on the improved Xu & White rock physical model suitable for carbonate rock physical analysis, and analyzing the effectiveness of the elastic parameter detection fluid. On the basis of carbonate rock physical analysis, prestack inversion elastic parameter fluid detection and prestack fluid inversion evaluation technical research is developed, and probability evaluation analysis of fluid detection and prediction results of a fracture-cave carbonate reservoir in a main target area of a Tahe oil field is explored and realized.
Reservoir fluid detection is of great significance to reservoir development but still faces significant difficulties. Mainly because: firstly, the influence of reservoir fluid change on seismic response is smaller and more complex than the influence of reservoir fluid change on seismic response, so that the characteristics of seismic response under different fluid properties of a reservoir are difficult to determine; secondly, various underground temperatures, (lithostatic) pressures, pore fluid pressures and different fluid saturations can all affect the petrophysical characteristics of the reservoir, strong heterogeneity and anisotropy cause complex wave field characteristics, the influence of the fluid on seismic response is difficult to distinguish from the influence on seismic response caused by the change of other factors, and moreover, the influences of oil and water on P waves and S waves of the reservoir are basically the same, the change of wave impedance is small, and the influences restrict the detection effect of the reservoir fluid; research on reservoir fluid identification techniques, particularly fluid identification research for fractured reservoirs, also lacks systematicness.
Disclosure of Invention
Reservoir fluid detection is a worldwide problem, and when a reservoir is developed, reservoir fluid distribution prediction and fluid property detection are important guarantees for reservoir successful development. The invention aims to achieve the prediction of the distribution of reservoir fluid and the detection of the fluid properties by utilizing the influence of different fluids on the physical properties of reservoir rocks and utilizing the comprehensive judgment of the response conditions of longitudinal waves and fast and slow transverse waves under different fluid conditions, thereby laying a foundation for the successful development of the fluid.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting reservoir fluid properties, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
s1: separating fast S waves from slow S waves of the converted wave seismic data;
s2: respectively calculating frequency division attributes and frequency change attributes of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave seismic data;
s3: in the anisotropic medium, reservoir fluid detection is carried out according to different rock physical properties of reservoir fluids on different influences of P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves in the anisotropic medium by combining frequency division properties and frequency change properties of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves so as to determine the properties of the reservoir fluids;
s4: and fusing and analyzing the obtained spatial distribution conditions of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave to further determine the reservoir fluid properties, wherein the reservoir fluid properties are further determined by combining the spatial distribution of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave velocities according to the rock physical characteristics that shear S wave splitting is caused by the change of the reservoir fluid properties along with the change of the frequency and the influence of the change of the reservoir fluid properties on the slow S wave velocities is more than 4%.
The method for reservoir fluid property detection as described above, wherein, in step S4,
and obtaining the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave according to the seismic data of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave.
The method for reservoir fluid property detection as described above, wherein in step S1, the difference in spatial polarization of the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave is used to separate the fast S-wave from the slow S-wave for the converted wave seismic data.
The method for reservoir fluid property detection as described above, wherein in step S2, P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave seismic data are respectively transformed to perform the calculation of the frequency division property and the frequency variation property.
In the method for detecting reservoir fluid properties, in step S4, velocity inversion or velocity analysis is performed on the P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave seismic data to obtain the spatial distributions of the velocities of the P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave.
In step S3, according to the effect of reservoir fluid changes on the P-wave velocity by less than 2%, the viscosity of the reservoir fluid increases, the dispersion curve of the P-wave moves to a low frequency, a viscosity-sensitive frequency band is formed, the fast S-wave velocity does not change with the frequency change, the fast S-wave velocity does not change with the viscosity change, the change degree of the slow S-wave velocity with the frequency change is greater than the change degree of the P-wave velocity with the frequency change, different petrophysical characteristics of slow S-wave, P-wave and fast S-wave in different reservoir fluids are different, and reservoir fluid detection is performed to determine the reservoir fluid properties by combining the frequency division properties and the frequency change properties of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave.
The method for reservoir fluid property detection as described above, wherein the reservoir fluid property change comprises a change in three fluid properties of gas, water and oil in the reservoir fluid.
The invention provides a system for detecting the property of reservoir fluid, wherein the system detects the property of the reservoir fluid by using the method for detecting the property of the reservoir fluid.
The invention particularly relates to a method for distinguishing and predicting the reservoir fluid properties by distinguishing the influence of different fluids on the reservoir rock physical properties. The invention aims to predict the distribution of reservoir fluid and detect the fluid properties by comprehensively judging the response conditions of longitudinal waves (P waves) and fast and slow transverse waves (namely fast S waves and slow S waves) under different fluid conditions by utilizing the influence of different fluids on the physical properties of the reservoir rock and laying a foundation for the successful development of the fluid.
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The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case.
FIG. 1 is a method of reservoir fluid property detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of log frequency versus velocity of P-waves for two different viscosities;
FIG. 3 is a correlation of the velocity of logarithmic frequency fast S-waves and slow S-waves at two different viscosities;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the splitting effect of S-waves at logarithmic frequency for two media of oil and water in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a detailed flow chart of reservoir fluid property detection according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations of the invention, which may be considered to be within the scope of the invention, will occur to those skilled in the art upon studying the disclosure and the accompanying drawings, and the invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for reservoir fluid property detection of the present invention comprises the steps of: s1: separating fast S waves from slow S waves of the converted wave seismic data; s2: respectively calculating frequency division attributes and frequency change attributes of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave seismic data; s3: in an anisotropic medium, reservoir fluid detection is carried out by combining the frequency division property and the frequency variation property of P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves according to different rock physical properties of reservoir fluids influencing the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves, and S4: and further determining the fluid properties according to the shear S-wave splitting caused by the change of the reservoir fluid properties (such as gas, oil and water) and the rock physical characteristics that the change of the reservoir fluid properties has more than 4% influence on the speed of the slow S-wave, and further determining the reservoir fluid properties by combining the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave.
The reservoir fluid property detection method can detect the fluid and determine the fluid property, and finally can obtain the distribution conditions of various fluid spaces, thereby enabling technical personnel to efficiently and safely develop oil gas.
Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the existence of fluid and the difference of fluid properties affect the geophysical response characteristics of the reservoir, when a P-SV shear wave passes through a fracture medium, the P-SV shear wave is split into a fast shear wave parallel to the fracture direction and a slow shear wave perpendicular to the fracture direction, and at a certain moment, the polarization of the fast shear wave and the slow shear wave has different combination forms in space. The presence of a fluid, in an anisotropic medium, slow (quasi-) S-waves are sensitive to changes in fluid properties, while P-waves and fast S-waves are insensitive to changes in fluid properties.
Further, fig. 2 shows that the velocity of the P-wave varies with frequency but does not vary much, typically less than 2%, the viscosity increases, and the dispersion curve of the P-wave shifts to lower frequencies, forming a band sensitive to viscosity. Fig. 3 shows that the fast S-wave velocity does not change with frequency, the fast S-wave velocity does not change with viscosity (if the velocity changes with frequency to a degree less than 1%, it can also be understood that the velocity does not change with frequency), the slow S wave speed changes more greatly along with the frequency change (namely the change degree of the slow S wave speed along with the frequency increase is larger than that of the P wave speed along with the frequency increase), and has more correlation with the P wave ratio, the slow S wave and the frequency, the change degree of the slow S wave speed along with the frequency change is larger than 4 percent, wherein, it is further explained that the variation degree of the P wave velocity along with the frequency is less than 2%, the fast S wave velocity is not changed along with the frequency variation and the variation degree of the slow S wave velocity along with the frequency variation is more than 4%, therefore, the variation degree of the speed of a certain wave (one of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave) with the frequency variation does not occur between 2% and 4%. Thus, the fluid viscosity change is more sensitive in the sensitive frequency band. And (3) carrying out reservoir fluid detection by combining the frequency division properties and the frequency variation properties of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave to determine the properties of the reservoir fluid according to different petrophysical properties of the slow S wave, the P wave and the fast S wave in different reservoir fluids.
Continuing with FIG. 4, FIG. 4 shows petrophysical properties where the shear S-wave splitting by oil and water, reservoir fluid properties affect the velocity of the slow S-wave by more than 4% as a function of frequency. The invention is to well combine the seismic data with the rock physical characteristics of reservoirs under different fluids through processing and transformation so as to detect the fluids.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, in step S1), P-wave seismic data and converted-wave seismic data are obtained according to seismic data, and the converted-wave seismic data is separated by using the difference between the spatial polarization of the fast and slow transverse waves (i.e., the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave), although other methods may be used to separate the slow transverse waves, which is not specifically limited herein.
In step S2), the P-wave, fast S-wave, and slow S-wave seismic data are respectively subjected to transform processing to calculate their corresponding frequency division attributes and frequency variation attributes.
In step S3, according to the existence of the fluid, in the anisotropic medium, the slow (quasi) S-wave is sensitive to the change of the fluid property, and the P-wave and the fast S-wave are not sensitive to the change of the fluid property and the change has the petrophysical properties shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the petrophysical properties are fused with the frequency division properties and/or the frequency change properties of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave for fluid detection and preliminary determination of the fluid property.
Further, in step S4: and obtaining the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave according to the seismic data of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave. Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, a velocity analysis or a velocity inversion is performed on the P-wave, fast S-wave, and slow S-wave seismic data to obtain a spatial distribution of the P-wave, fast S-wave, and slow S-wave velocities. On the basis of the reservoir fluid properties obtained in step S3, according to the petrophysical characteristics that the influence of the fluid property change on the slow (similar) S-wave velocity is greater than 4%, the reservoir fluid properties are further determined by fusing and analyzing or obtaining the spatial distribution conditions of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave velocities, so that various fluid spatial distribution conditions are obtained, that is, reservoir fluid property detection and verification are further realized. Referring to fig. 5, it can be seen that this step can further improve the accuracy of the reservoir fluid property detection method of the present invention, reducing the ambiguity. It is also possible to perform the step of obtaining the spatial distribution and the step S3 at the same time, and of course, the step of obtaining the spatial distribution may be provided after the step S3), as long as the step of obtaining the spatial distribution and the step S3) can be performed based on the step S2, and it is within the scope of the present invention that the sequence of the step of obtaining the spatial distribution and the step S3) is not explicitly defined, that is, the step of obtaining the spatial distribution and the step S3) are performed in parallel and the step of obtaining the spatial distribution is performed after the step S3).
Furthermore, the invention also provides a system for detecting the property of the reservoir fluid, which realizes the detection of the property of the reservoir fluid through the method for detecting the property of the reservoir fluid.
By applying the invention, the separation of fast and slow transverse waves can be carried out by utilizing converted wave seismic data, slow (similar) S waves in the fluid are sensitive to the fluid property, P waves and fast S waves are insensitive to the fluid property (figures 2 and 3) and the influence of the fluid property change on the slow (similar) S wave speed is more than 4 percent, the fluid property is detected and determined, and finally the distribution condition on various fluid spaces can be obtained, thereby enabling people to carry out efficient and safe development of oil and gas.
The invention aims to detect and determine the fluid properties and finally obtain the distribution conditions of various fluid spaces, thereby enabling people to efficiently and safely develop oil gas. The method mainly separates the converted wave seismic data by utilizing the difference of the space polarization of the fast and slow transverse waves or other methods; respectively calculating frequency division attributes and frequency change attributes of the P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave seismic data; carrying out speed analysis or speed inversion on the P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave seismic data to obtain the spatial distribution conditions of the P wave, fast S wave and slow S wave speeds; in an anisotropic medium, slow (quasi-) S-waves in a fluid are sensitive to fluid properties, whereas P-waves and fast S-waves are not (fig. 2 and 3) dependent on the presence of the fluid. The frequency division attributes and the frequency change attributes of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave are fused to perform fluid detection and preliminarily determine the fluid property; petrophysical properties that affect the slow (quasi-) S-wave velocity by more than 4% depending on the fluid property change (figure 4). And fusing and analyzing or obtaining the space distribution conditions of the P wave, the fast S wave and the slow S wave, and further determining the fluid properties.
The key point of the invention is that the separation of fast and slow transverse waves is carried out by utilizing converted wave seismic data, the physical characteristics of rocks in which slow (similar) S waves in fluid are sensitive to the fluid properties, P waves and fast S waves are insensitive to the fluid properties (figures 2 and 3) and the influence of the fluid properties on the slow (similar) S wave speed is more than 4 percent are applied, and the fluid detection is carried out and the spatial distribution conditions of various fluids are determined by fusing the seismic line properties and the frequency change properties of P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves and the spatial distribution conditions of the P waves, fast S waves and slow S wave speeds.
Claims (6)
1. A method of reservoir fluid property detection, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: separating fast S waves from slow S waves of the converted wave seismic data;
s2: respectively calculating frequency division attributes and frequency change attributes of the P-wave, the fast S-wave and the slow S-wave seismic data;
s3: in an anisotropic medium, reservoir fluid detection is carried out according to different petrophysical properties of reservoir fluids on different influences of P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves and by combining frequency division properties and frequency change properties of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves so as to determine the properties of the reservoir fluids;
s4: according to the seismic data of P waves, fast S waves and slow S waves, speed inversion or speed analysis is carried out to obtain the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves, the obtained spatial distribution conditions of the speeds of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves are fused and analyzed to further determine the properties of reservoir fluids, wherein the properties of the reservoir fluids are further determined according to the physical rock characteristics that shear S waves are split due to the change of the reservoir fluid properties along with the change of the frequency and the influence of the reservoir fluid property change on the speed of the slow S waves is larger than 4%, and the spatial distribution of the speeds of the P waves, the fast S waves and the slow S waves is combined.
2. A method of reservoir fluid property detection as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step S1, the difference in spatial polarization of fast and slow S-waves is used to separate fast and slow S-waves for the converted wave seismic data.
3. A method of reservoir fluid property detection as claimed in claim 2 wherein in step S2, P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave seismic data are separately processed for frequency division and frequency variation property calculations.
4. The method for detecting reservoir fluid properties according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, according to that in an anisotropic medium, the influence of reservoir fluid changes on the P-wave velocity is less than 2%, the viscosity of the reservoir fluid increases, the dispersion curve of the P-wave moves to a low frequency, a frequency band sensitive to viscosity is formed, the fast S-wave velocity does not change with the frequency change, the fast S-wave velocity does not change with the viscosity change, the change degree of the slow S-wave velocity with the frequency change is greater than the change degree of the P-wave velocity with the frequency change, different rock physical properties of slow S-wave, P-wave and fast S-wave velocity change properties in different reservoir fluids are detected by combining the frequency division properties and the frequency change properties of the P-wave, fast S-wave and slow S-wave to determine the reservoir fluid properties.
5. A method of reservoir fluid property detection as claimed in claim 1 wherein the reservoir fluid property changes include changes in three fluid properties of gas, water and oil in the reservoir fluid.
6. A system for reservoir fluid property testing using the method for reservoir fluid property testing of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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