CN110620412A - Minimum output selection circuit and battery charge-discharge circuit - Google Patents
Minimum output selection circuit and battery charge-discharge circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110620412A CN110620412A CN201910912075.XA CN201910912075A CN110620412A CN 110620412 A CN110620412 A CN 110620412A CN 201910912075 A CN201910912075 A CN 201910912075A CN 110620412 A CN110620412 A CN 110620412A
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- operational amplifier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/3865—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables related to manufacture, e.g. testing after manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses minimum output selection circuit, battery charge-discharge circuit, minimum output selection circuit includes: at least two parallel connection are in the feedback branch of output, and every feedback branch includes: operational amplifier, current limiting circuit, clamp circuit and electric capacity: the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current limiting circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected with the clamping circuit, the clamping circuit is connected with the output end, and the capacitor is connected between the output end and one input end of the operational amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of electronic technologies, and in particular, to a minimum output selection circuit and a battery charge/discharge circuit.
Background
Energy consumption is always a common problem faced by global needs. The market expects safer, cleaner, more efficient and lower cost power supplies. Solutions of hybrid and electric vehicles, solar and wind power technologies have thus been brought forward, the key factor in common being lithium ion batteries. With the rapid growth of the three fields, the manufacturing and production of the lithium ion battery are more important, and the minimum output selector is required to select constant voltage charging or discharging or constant current charging or discharging when the lithium ion battery needs to be electrically tested in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery.
A common structure of a minimum output selector is shown in fig. 1, by connecting the anodes of two diodes in parallel with the output terminal, the cathodes of the diodes being connected to the input terminal. Generally, the framework is very common in constant-voltage charging and discharging and constant-current charging and discharging power supplies, the switching from constant-current charging and discharging to constant-voltage charging and discharging is required to be completed in a very short time in the constant-voltage charging and discharging and constant-current charging and discharging power supplies, overcharging is required to be as small as possible, and the traditional minimum output selector cannot achieve the effect well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a minimum output selection circuit which can realize faster minimum output voltage switching.
The application discloses minimum output selection circuit includes:
at least two parallel connection are in the feedback branch of output, and every feedback branch includes: operational amplifier, current limiting circuit, clamp circuit and electric capacity:
the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current limiting circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected with the clamping circuit, the clamping circuit is connected with the output end, and the capacitor is connected between the output end and one input end of the operational amplifier.
In a preferred embodiment, the current limiting circuit includes a current limiting resistor, and one end of the current limiting resistor is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier.
In a preferred embodiment, the clamping circuit includes a transistor and a diode, a base of the transistor is connected to an anode of the diode and connected to the output terminal, a collector of the transistor is connected to ground, and an emitter of the transistor is connected to a cathode of the diode and connected to the current limiting circuit.
In a preferred embodiment, the triode is a PNP type triode.
In a preferred embodiment, the emitter of the triode is connected with the cathode of the diode and connected to one end of a current limiting resistor.
In a preferred embodiment, when the voltage of the output terminal is switched, the output terminal pulls down the cathode voltage of the diode through the triode, so as to reduce the recovery time of the diode.
In a preferred embodiment, the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the sampling signal, and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the target analog signal.
In a preferred embodiment, the minimum output selection circuit includes a first feedback branch and a second feedback branch, a positive input terminal of an operational amplifier of the first feedback branch is connected to the voltage analog signal, a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier of the first feedback branch is connected to the voltage sampling signal, a positive input terminal of an operational amplifier of the second feedback branch is connected to the current analog signal, and a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier of the second feedback branch is connected to the current sampling signal.
In a preferred embodiment, the capacitor is connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier.
The application also discloses a battery charge-discharge circuit which adopts the minimum output selection circuit as described in the foregoing.
Compared with the prior art, the minimum output selection circuit has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the minimum output selection circuit can realize the quick switching from constant-current charging and discharging to constant-voltage charging and discharging of the battery, and the overshoot caused by the switching is reduced. Moreover, the circuit has low power consumption. The traditional minimum output selector aims to achieve the purpose of fast switching, the power consumption is necessarily high, the required power consumption is low, and the fast switching cannot be performed.
The present specification describes a number of technical features distributed throughout the various technical aspects, and if all possible combinations of technical features (i.e. technical aspects) of the present specification are listed, the description is made excessively long. In order to avoid this problem, the respective technical features disclosed in the above summary of the invention of the present application, the respective technical features disclosed in the following embodiments and examples, and the respective technical features disclosed in the drawings may be freely combined with each other to constitute various new technical solutions (which are considered to have been described in the present specification) unless such a combination of the technical features is technically infeasible. For example, in one example, the feature a + B + C is disclosed, in another example, the feature a + B + D + E is disclosed, and the features C and D are equivalent technical means for performing the same function, and technically only one feature is selected for use, and the features E can be technically combined with the feature C, so that the solution of a + B + C + D should not be considered as being described because the technology is not feasible, and the solution of a + B + C + E should be considered as being described.
Drawings
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a minimum output selection circuit in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the minimum output selection circuit in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a battery voltage and a charging current in a constant current and constant voltage charging process of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a battery voltage and a discharge current in a constant-current constant-voltage discharge process of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a minimum output selection circuit applied to a PWM controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a detailed circuit diagram of a minimum output selection circuit in another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various aspects and examples of the present application will now be described. The following description provides specific details for a thorough understanding and enabling description of these examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without many of these details.
Additionally, some well-known structures or functions may not be shown or described in detail to facilitate brevity and avoid unnecessarily obscuring the relevant description.
The terminology used in the description presented below is intended to be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner, even though it is being used in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific examples of the application. Certain terms may even be emphasized below, however, any term that is intended to be interpreted in any restricted manner will be explicitly and specifically defined in this detailed description section.
The application discloses minimum output selection circuit includes: at least two parallel connection are in the feedback branch of output, and every feedback branch includes: operational amplifier, current limiting circuit, clamp circuit and electric capacity: the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current limiting circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected with the clamping circuit, the clamping circuit is connected with the output end, and the capacitor is connected between the output end and one input end of the operational amplifier.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a minimum output selection circuit in an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the minimum output selection circuit includes a first feedback branch 10 and a second feedback branch 20 connected in parallel to the output end. The first feedback branch 10 includes an operational amplifier 11, a current limiting circuit 12, a clamping circuit 13 and a capacitor C1, and the second feedback branch 20 includes an operational amplifier 21, a current limiting circuit 22, a clamping circuit 23 and a capacitor C2.
Fig. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the minimum output selection circuit in an embodiment of the invention. In the first feedback branch 10, the current limiting circuit 12 includes a current limiting resistor R3, and one end of the current limiting resistor R3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 11. The clamping circuit 13 includes a transistor Q1 and a diode D1A, a base of the transistor Q1 is connected to an anode of the diode D1A and connected to the output terminal VOUT, a collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to a ground terminal GND, an emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to a cathode of the diode D1A and connected to the current limiting circuit 12, specifically to one end of a current limiting resistor R3. In a preferred embodiment, the transistor Q1 is a PNP transistor. In a preferred embodiment, the capacitor C1 is connected between the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 11 and the output terminal VOUT.
In the second feedback branch 20, the current limiting circuit 22 includes a current limiting resistor R6, and one end of the current limiting resistor R6 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 21. The clamping circuit 23 includes a transistor Q2 and a diode D1B, a base of the transistor Q2 is connected to an anode of the diode D1B and connected to the output terminal VOUT, a collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to a ground terminal GND, an emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to a cathode of the diode D1B and connected to the current limiting circuit 22, specifically to one end of a current limiting resistor R3. In a preferred embodiment, the transistor Q2 is a PNP transistor. In a preferred embodiment, the capacitor C2 is connected between the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 21 and the output terminal VOUT.
In a preferred embodiment, the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier 11 is connected to a sampling signal, i.e. a sampling signal of a battery, and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier 11 is connected to a target analog signal. More specifically, the positive input end of the operational amplifier 11 of the first feedback branch 10 is connected to a target voltage analog signal, the negative input end is connected to a voltage sampling signal, the positive input end of the operational amplifier of the second feedback branch 20 is connected to a target current analog signal, and the negative input end is connected to a current sampling signal.
In a preferred example, when the voltage of the output terminal VOUT switches, the output terminal VOUT pulls the cathode voltage of the diode D1A low through the transistor Q1 to reduce the recovery time of the diode D1A.
The operation of the minimum output selection circuit is described below in connection with the charging process of the battery:
fig. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the battery voltage and the charging current in the constant current and constant voltage charging process of the battery. After the circuit is started, the charging current gradually rises until the charging current reaches the set target charging current, and then the constant current charging mode is started, at this time, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a high voltage, and the operational amplifier U2B outputs a low voltage. The output of the operational amplifier U2B pulls the output terminal VOUT low through the current limiting resistor R6 and the diode D1B. When the output terminal VOUT is pulled down, the emitter voltage of the transistor Q1 is pulled down and maintained at a voltage level that is not much different from the voltage of the output terminal VOUT because the emitter voltage is higher than the base voltage. At this time, if the high voltage output by the operational amplifier U1B without the resistor R3 is pulled low by the low voltage at the output terminal VOUT, the operational amplifier U1B is forced to output, which causes heat generation. The output current of the operational amplifier U1B is limited by the output through the current limiting resistor R3, thereby reducing the power consumption of the operational amplifier.
As the battery is charged, the battery voltage rises continuously, and when the battery voltage rises to a value slightly greater than the target voltage value, the charging current is gradually reduced, and the charging mode is switched to the constant-voltage charging mode (as indicated by the arrow in fig. 3). When the constant current charging is converted into the constant voltage charging, the output terminal VOUT is connected to the left ends of the capacitors C1 and C2, and the voltage at the left end of the diode D1A is close to the output terminal VOUT due to the action of the transistor Q1, so that the time for the diode to recover reversely is short, and the minimum voltage selection is switched quickly. And because the capacitors of the two branches are connected to the output terminal VOUT, the voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 do not change suddenly, the influence on the output terminal VOUT caused by the fact that the output of the operational amplifier U1B is changed from high to low can be restrained to a certain degree, and the overcharge caused by out-of-control switching is reduced.
After the constant voltage charging mode is started, at this time, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a low voltage, the operational amplifier U2B outputs a high level, the operational amplifier U1B controls the left end of the diode D1B to be at a voltage value close to the output terminal VOUT through the current limiting resistor R3, the diode D1 and the triode Q2, and the output power consumption of the U2B is reduced due to the effect of the current limiting resistor R6.
The operation principle of the minimum output selection circuit is explained below in conjunction with the discharge process of the battery:
fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the battery voltage and the discharge current in the constant-current constant-voltage discharge process of the battery. After the circuit is started, a constant current discharge mode is started, in which the battery voltage is greater than the target discharge voltage, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a high voltage, and the operational amplifier U2B outputs a low voltage. The output of the operational amplifier U2B pulls the output terminal VOUT low through the current limiting resistor R6 and the diode D1B. When the output terminal VOUT is pulled down, the emitter voltage of the transistor Q1 is pulled down and maintained at a voltage level that is not much different from the voltage of the output terminal VOUT because the emitter voltage is higher than the base voltage. At this time, if the high voltage output by the operational amplifier U1B without the resistor R3 is pulled low by the low voltage at the output terminal VOUT, the operational amplifier U1B is forced to output, which causes heat generation. The output current of the operational amplifier U1B is limited by the output through the current limiting resistor R3, thereby reducing the power consumption of the operational amplifier.
As the battery is discharged, the battery voltage decreases, and when the battery voltage decreases to the target voltage value, the discharge current decreases gradually, and the constant voltage discharge mode is switched (as indicated by the arrow in fig. 4). When the constant current discharge is converted into the constant voltage discharge, the output terminal VOUT is connected to the left ends of the capacitors C1 and C2, and the voltage at the left end of the diode D1A is close to the output terminal VOUT due to the action of the transistor Q1, so that the time for the diode to recover reversely is short, and the minimum voltage selection is switched quickly. And because the capacitors of the two branches are connected to the output terminal VOUT, the voltages of the capacitors C1 and C2 do not change suddenly, the influence on the output terminal VOUT caused by the fact that the output of the operational amplifier U1B is changed from high to low can be restrained to a certain degree, and the overcharge caused by out-of-control switching is reduced.
After the constant voltage discharge mode operation is started, at this time, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a low voltage, the operational amplifier U2B outputs a high level, the operational amplifier U1B controls the left end of the diode D1B at a voltage value close to the output terminal VOUT through the current limiting resistor R3, the diode D1 and the triode Q2, and the output power consumption of the U2B is reduced due to the effect of the current limiting resistor R6.
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present description, the following description is given with reference to a specific example, in which the listed details are mainly for the sake of understanding, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 5, the duty ratio of the PWM controller 30 is controlled by outputting a control voltage through the minimum output selection circuit, thereby controlling the battery charging and discharging process. The larger the minimum output selection circuit output voltage is, the larger the duty ratio output by the PWM controller 30 is, and the smaller the minimum output selection circuit output voltage is, the smaller the output duty ratio of the PWM controller is.
Assuming that the battery is charged with constant voltage and constant current by using the minimum output selection circuit, when the voltage of the battery is less than the target charging voltage, the operational amplifier U1B outputs high voltage, the output of the operational amplifier U2B outputs a voltage Value (VOUT) according to the sampled current signal and the target current analog signal of the battery, and the duty ratio of the PWM controller is controlled by the voltage value to control the charging current value, wherein the larger the charging current is, the larger the duty ratio is, and the larger VOUT is.
As the battery is charged with a constant current, the battery voltage gradually rises until it reaches a set target charge voltage. At this time, if the constant current charging is continued, the target charging voltage is certainly exceeded. Thus, the minimum output selection circuit quickly switches the constant current charging loop to the constant voltage charging loop, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a lower voltage to make the voltage of the battery equal to the target charging voltage, and the operational amplifier U2B outputs a higher voltage value.
Assuming that the minimum selection circuit is used to perform constant voltage and constant current discharge on the battery, when the battery voltage is greater than the target discharge voltage, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a relatively high voltage value, and the output of the operational amplifier U2B outputs a voltage Value (VOUT) according to the discharge current sample and the target discharge current sample, and the duty ratio of the PWM controller 30 is controlled by the voltage value to control the discharge current value, wherein the larger the discharge current, the larger the duty ratio, the larger VOUT.
As the battery is discharged with a constant current, the battery voltage gradually decreases until it reaches a set target discharge voltage. At this time, if the constant current discharge is continued, it is certainly less than the target discharge voltage. Thus, the minimum output selection circuit quickly switches the constant current discharge loop to the constant voltage discharge loop, the operational amplifier U1B outputs a lower voltage to make the voltage of the battery equal to the target discharge voltage, and the operational amplifier U2B outputs a higher voltage value.
In this embodiment, the minimum output selection circuit can realize the quick switching from the constant-current charging and discharging to the constant-voltage charging and discharging of the battery, and reduce the overshoot caused by the switching. Also, output power consumption during charge and discharge is reduced.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the minimum output selection circuit may be further configured to output a control voltage to control the output current of the series regulator circuit or to control the current of the electronic load circuit. The specific working principle is as described above, and is not described herein.
Referring to fig. 6, the minimum output selection circuit in another embodiment of the present application may further include 3 branches, and each feedback branch includes: operational amplifier, current limiting circuit, clamp circuit and electric capacity: the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current limiting circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected with the clamping circuit, the clamping circuit is connected with the output end, and the capacitor is connected between the output end and one input end of the operational amplifier.
The application also discloses a battery charging and discharging circuit, which adopts the minimum output selection circuit as described above, and the minimum output selection circuit can realize the quick switching from constant-current charging and discharging to constant-voltage charging and discharging of the battery, so that the overshoot caused by the switching is reduced. Also, output power consumption at the time of constant voltage charge and discharge is reduced.
It should be noted that all or any of the embodiments described above may be combined with each other, unless stated otherwise or such embodiments may be functionally and/or architecturally mutually exclusive.
It is noted that, in the present patent application, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. In the present patent application, if it is mentioned that a certain action is executed according to a certain element, it means that the action is executed according to at least the element, and two cases are included: performing the action based only on the element, and performing the action based on the element and other elements. The expression of a plurality of, a plurality of and the like includes 2, 2 and more than 2, more than 2 and more than 2.
All documents mentioned in this specification are to be considered as being incorporated in their entirety into the disclosure of the present application so as to be subject to modification as necessary. It should be understood that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
Claims (10)
1. A minimum output selection circuit comprising:
at least two parallel connection are in the feedback branch of output, and every feedback branch includes: operational amplifier, current limiting circuit, clamp circuit and electric capacity:
the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the current limiting circuit, the output end of the current limiting circuit is connected with the clamping circuit, the clamping circuit is connected with the output end, and the capacitor is connected between the output end and one input end of the operational amplifier.
2. The minimum output selection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current limiting circuit comprises a current limiting resistor having one end connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier.
3. The minimum output selection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the clamping circuit comprises a transistor and a diode, wherein a base of the transistor is connected to an anode of the diode and to the output terminal, a collector of the transistor is connected to ground, and an emitter of the transistor is connected to a cathode of the diode and to the current limiting circuit.
4. The minimum output selection circuit of claim 3, wherein the transistor is a PNP type transistor.
5. The minimum output selection circuit according to claim 3, wherein an emitter of the transistor is connected to a cathode of the diode and connected to one end of a current limiting resistor.
6. The minimum output selection circuit of claim 3, wherein the output pulls the cathode voltage of the diode low through the transistor to reduce the recovery time of the diode when the voltage of the output switches.
7. The minimum output selection circuit according to claim 1, wherein a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a sampling signal, and a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a target analog signal.
8. The minimum output selection circuit according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the minimum output selection circuit comprises a first feedback branch and a second feedback branch, a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier of the first feedback branch is connected with a voltage analog signal, a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier of the first feedback branch is connected with a voltage sampling signal, a positive input terminal of the operational amplifier of the second feedback branch is connected with a current analog signal, and a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier of the second feedback branch is connected with a current sampling signal.
9. The minimum output selection circuit of claim 1, wherein the capacitor is connected between the negative input of the operational amplifier and the output.
10. A battery charge and discharge circuit characterized by using the minimum output selection circuit as claimed in claims 1 to 9.
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CN201910912075.XA CN110620412B (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Minimum output selection circuit and battery charge-discharge circuit |
PCT/CN2020/105153 WO2021057241A1 (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2020-07-28 | Minimum output selection circuit and battery charging and discharging circuit |
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WO2021057241A1 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | 上海类比半导体技术有限公司 | Minimum output selection circuit and battery charging and discharging circuit |
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