CN110457848A - Without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge - Google Patents
Without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Belong to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering technical field without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge the invention discloses a kind of, provides the new calculating of one kind without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, the precision of calculated result can be effectively improved.The present invention calculates section by the way that interception is corresponding, and is calculated by using " the total stream energy conservation of liquid constant " formula, keeps the tail water lock chamber hydrostatic place value calculated accurate and reliable, closer to actual water level；To provide more accurate foundation for subsequent power station Installation Elevation determination, tail water fabric structure design especially tail water lock chamber structure arrangement, construction investment may finally be saved.The method of the invention scope of application in without pressure tail water discharge elevation computation is wider, and convenience of calculation is simple, is worth of widely use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering technical field more particularly to it is a kind of without pressure tail water discharge in tail water lock chamber hydrostatic
Position calculation method.
Background technique
It is a significant design foundation in the design of tail water structure, water-level gauge without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level in pressure tail water discharge
The main purpose of calculation is the hydrostatic level for determining various design conditions lower tail sluice rooms, so as to more reasonable progress tailwater channel,
The fabric structures layout designs such as tailrace outlet gate pier, tail water lock chamber, while really for power station kinetic energy design, units' installation elevation
The accurate foundations of offers such as fixed and gate structure design.
Currently, since the needs of arrangement are equipped with length without pressure tail water discharge, this tail water discharge in many hydroelectric station designs
Mainly including tail lock room and accordingly without pressure tail water runner, and without pressure tail water runner mainly by going out without pressure tailrace tunnel, tail water
The mouth buildings such as gate pier and tailwater channel composition.Because the corresponding structure type of tail water discharge is more under normal conditions, potamometer
It is more complicated to calculate boundary condition, it is accurate that the various water levels of tail lock room are difficult to determine.In the past, in many short-tail water systems or
In the fairly simple power station of tail water discharge, since tail water runner is short, structure type is relatively single, there is no cavern's sections to close
And cross dimensions changes, when bend, using in hydraulics hydraulic loss calculating or river water surface profile inquire into, i.e.,
The hydrostatic level accordingly without pressure tail water lock chamber can be calculated, in allowable range of error, calculating tailwater elevation can be full
Sufficient design accuracy requirement.
But long without in pressure tail water discharge or in the case that the form of tail water runner is relatively complicated, in tail water lock chamber
Hydrostatic level using the above method calculate, calculated result deviation is larger, is unfavorable for the design arrangement of entire tail water discharge, especially
Precision is poor to be determined to units' installation elevation, is unfavorable for the minute design in power station.In design, often relatively safety, value compared with
Be it is conservative, remaining is larger, to influence the economy in power station.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of new calculating without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level meter in pressure tail water discharge
Calculation method can effectively improve the precision of calculated result.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level meter in pressure tail water discharge
Calculation method is calculated in the known arragement construction without tail water runner in pressure tail water discharge and in the case where target flow Q,
Include the following steps:
A, acquisition is without corresponding river water level at tail water runner exit in pressure tail water discharge；
B, taking the cross-section of river at tail water runner exit is Outlet Section N0, take the cross-section of river of tail water flow passage entry to be
Inlet section Nmax；Along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner of tail water runner, it is phase that successively compartment of terrain, which takes multiple cross-sections of river,
The calculating section N answeredi, wherein subscript i takes positive integer, calculates section NiIt indicates to be exported to entering for tail water runner from tail water runner
I-th of the cross-section of river taken between mouthful；
C, the river water level obtained using in step A is as Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0；Pass through Outlet Section N0Place
Water surface water level h0, Outlet Section N0Design parameter and target flow Q Outlet Section N is calculated0It is flat to locate corresponding water flow
Equal flow velocity v0；
D, datum plane is chosen, then from Outlet Section N0Start a calculating section N under step-by-step calculationiLocate corresponding water flow
Mean flow rate vi, and inlet section N is finally calculatedmaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmax；
Adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between calculated using following calculation formula:
zi+pi/γ+vi 2/(2*g)+hw=z(i+1)+p(i+1)/γ+v(i+1) 2/(2*g)
In formula:
ziIt indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average bit energy, also known as position possessed by Unit Weight water body
Set head；
pi/ γ indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average pressure energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
vi 2/ (2*g) indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate mean kinetic energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
piExpression, which acts on, calculates section NiCentroid on dynamic hydraulic pressure it is strong；
The bulk density of γ expression water；
viIt indicates to calculate section NiWater flow mean flow rate；
G indicates acceleration of gravity；
hwIndicate adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between gross head loss；
E, pass through inlet section NmaxDesign parameter, the inlet section N at placemaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmaxAnd finger
Inlet section N is calculated in constant flow QmaxThe water surface water level h at placemax；And the face water level h that fetches watermaxFor without tail water in pressure tail water discharge
Lock chamber hydrostatic level.
Further, hwTake adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between frictional head loss and part
The sum of head loss.
Further, calculating water velocity v needed for calculating the frictional head loss, which takes, calculates section NiIt is corresponding
Water flow mean flow rate viWith calculating section N(i+1)Corresponding water flow mean flow rate v(i+1)Arithmetic mean of instantaneous value, i.e. v=(vi+
v(i+1))/2。
Further, ziIt takes and calculates section NiCentroid to datum plane vertical range.
Further, pi/ γ, which takes, calculates section NiThe water surface to calculating section NiCentroid between vertical range.
Further, in stepb, along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner of tail water runner, in tail water runner
The every mutation of flow boundary condition position at take at this cross-section of river to be corresponding to calculate section Ni。
Further, including following any at the position of the every mutation of flow boundary condition of the tail water runner
At position corresponding to a kind of situation: the cross-section of river increases suddenly, the cross-section of river reduces suddenly, the cross-section of river merges, it is disconnected to cross water
Face fork, the cross-section of river are climbed suddenly, the cross-section of river lower suddenly broken, the outlet of bend entrance, bend, trash rack entrance, trash rack
Outlet, gate slot entrance and gate slot outlet.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention calculates section by the way that interception is corresponding, and by using " liquid constant is total
Stream energy conservation " formula is calculated, and keeps the tail water lock chamber hydrostatic place value calculated accurate and reliable, closer to actual water level；
It is more smart to be provided for subsequent power station Installation Elevation determination, the design of tail water fabric structure especially tail water lock chamber structure arrangement
True foundation.The method of the invention scope of application in without pressure tail water discharge elevation computation is wider, and convenience of calculation is simple, value
It must promote the use of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is length of the invention without pressure tail water discharge floor map；
Fig. 2 is length of the invention without pressure tail water discharge vertical section schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that energy equation calculates typical section；
Fig. 4 is Outlet Section N0Schematic diagram；
In the figure, it is marked as tail water connects hole 1, tail water lock chamber 2, tail water runner 3, counter-slope section 31, straight way section 32, bend section
33, tailwater channel 34, gate pier 4, river 5, the water surface 6, datum plane 7.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4 shown in, it is of the present invention without pressure tail water discharge in tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method,
Middle tail water lock chamber 2 is supplied water by the tail water connection hole 1 of upstream, is then discharged into corresponding river 5 by tail water runner 3.In addition,
Under normal conditions, as shown in attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 2, tail water runner 3 will include corresponding counter-slope section 31, straight way section 32, bend
The stages such as section 33 and tailwater channel 34, and the structures such as corresponding gate pier 4 can be also provided in 34 upstream end of tailwater channel.
The present invention is to be directed to calculating under above situation without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level in pressure tail water discharge, to obtain
Tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level parameter, the present invention are in the known arragement construction without tail water runner 3 in pressure tail water discharge and specified
It is calculated, is specifically comprised the following steps: in the case where flow Q
A, it obtains without the corresponding river water level in 3 exit of tail water runner in pressure tail water discharge；
B, the cross-section of river for taking 3 exit of tail water runner is Outlet Section N0, take the cross-section of river of 3 inlet of tail water runner
For inlet section Nmax；Along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner 3 of tail water runner 3, successively compartment of terrain takes multiple cross-sections of river
To calculate section N accordinglyi, wherein subscript i takes positive integer, calculates section NiIt indicates to be exported to tail water runner from tail water runner 3
I-th of the cross-section of river taken between 3 entrance；
C, the river water level obtained using in step A is as Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0；Pass through Outlet Section N0Place
Water surface water level h0, Outlet Section N0Design parameter and target flow Q Outlet Section N is calculated0It is flat to locate corresponding water flow
Equal flow velocity v0；
D, datum plane is chosen, then from Outlet Section N0Start a calculating section N under step-by-step calculationiLocate corresponding water flow
Mean flow rate vi, and inlet section N is finally calculatedmaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmax；
Adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between calculated using following calculation formula:
zi+pi/γ+vi 2/(2*g)+hw=z(i+1)+p(i+1)/γ+v(i+1) 2/(2*g)
In formula:
ziIt indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average bit energy, also known as position possessed by Unit Weight water body
Set head；
pi/ γ indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average pressure energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
vi 2/ (2*g) indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate mean kinetic energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
piExpression, which acts on, calculates section NiCentroid on dynamic hydraulic pressure it is strong；
The bulk density of γ expression water；
viIt indicates to calculate section NiWater flow mean flow rate；
G indicates acceleration of gravity；
hwIndicate adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between gross head loss；
E, pass through inlet section NmaxDesign parameter, the inlet section N at placemaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmaxAnd finger
Inlet section N is calculated in constant flow QmaxThe water surface water level h at placemax；And the face water level h that fetches watermaxFor without tail water in pressure tail water discharge
Lock chamber hydrostatic level.
Specifically, can determine phase river according to the measurement situation rating curve of 5 corresponding position of river in step A
Road water level.
For step B, the practical structures of the tail water runner 3 of basis are needed, corresponding calculating section is set along tail water runner 3
Ni, to provide corresponding calculating section N to be segmented calculating in subsequent step D step by stepi。
More specifically, preferably along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner 3 of tail water runner 3 in the present invention, in tail water
It is corresponding calculating section N that the cross-section of river at this is taken at the position of the every mutation of the flow boundary condition of runner 3i；Its purpose
It is adjacent calculating section N after segmentation in this wayiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between corresponding tail water runner section water flow
The variation of boundary condition is continuous constant or continuous and even variation, and can relatively conveniently calculate acquisition in these cases
Head loss in the section, so that being counted by " the total stream energy conservation of the liquid constant " formula used in step D
It calculates and feasibility is provided.
Wherein, may include at the position of the every mutation of flow boundary condition of above-mentioned tail water runner 3 it is following any one
At position corresponding to situation: the cross-section of river increases suddenly, the cross-section of river reduces suddenly, the cross-section of river merges, the cross-section of river point
Trouble, the cross-section of river are climbed suddenly, the cross-section of river descends broken, bend entrance, bend outlet, trash rack entrance, trash rack to export suddenly,
Gate slot entrance and gate slot outlet.Such as cross-section of river N shown in attached drawing 3iAnd N(i+1)It is then to move towards to occur to dash forward because of the bottom plate of runner
So flow boundary condition caused by variation mutates, therefore is respectively set accordingly at the both ends that suddenly change occurs for bottom plate
Cross-section of river NiAnd N(i+1)。
In addition, phase is arranged at the position according to the every mutation of above-mentioned flow boundary condition in order to improve computational accuracy
The cross-section of river N answerediAfterwards, if it exists the distance between adjacent two cross-sections of river farther out when, can also increase between
It is provided with the additional cross-section of river, to improve computational accuracy.
For step C, the river water level that needs to obtain using in step A is as the water level at tail water runner exit, i.e. conduct
Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0；Then it can pass through Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0, Outlet Section N0Design
Outlet Section N is calculated in parameter and target flow Q0Locate corresponding water flow mean flow rate v0；Think in subsequent step D step by step
The formula calculated provides initial Outlet Section N0Corresponding relevant parameter.Specifically, for Outlet Section N in the present invention0
Locate corresponding water flow mean flow rate v0Calculating process be summarized as follows:
Outlet Section N as of figure 40Shape be rectangle the case where, corresponding Outlet Section area S be phase
The product of the width a and height b that answer, wherein width a can be according to tail water runner 3 in Outlet Section N0Locate corresponding design parameter to obtain
It takes, and height b then can be according to Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0With tail water runner 3 in Outlet Section N0The floor elevation at place
Between difference determine, and then Outlet Section area S can be calculated；Wherein Outlet Section N0The floor elevation at place then can root
According to tail water runner 3 in Outlet Section N0Locate corresponding design parameter to obtain；It can be calculated and be obtained in the case where target flow Q with this
Obtain corresponding mean flow rate v0, i.e. v0=Q/S=Q/ (a*b).Similarly, in step E, corresponding entrance is obtained when being computed
Section NmaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmaxAfterwards, inlet section N can be passed throughmaxDesign parameter, the inlet section N at placemax
Locate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmaxInlet section N is calculated with target flow QmaxThe water surface water level h at placemax；Then this is special
Sharp water intaking face water level hmaxFor without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level in pressure tail water discharge.
For step D, adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between the calculation formula that uses, reality is to adopt
With the calculation formula of " the total stream energy conservation of liquid constant " principle, in the formula, equal sign left end is corresponding calculates section NiLocate the total of water
Energy and calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between head loss hwThe sum of；And the corresponding calculating section N of equal sign right end(i+1)Place
The gross energy of water.By the calculation formula, section N can be calculated having acquirediLocate corresponding viNext calculate of acquisition is calculated afterwards to break
Face N(i+1)Locate corresponding v(i+1), therefore by the way that entrance section N can finally be calculated after step-by-step calculationmaxLocate corresponding water
Flow mean flow rate vmax；And then entrance section N can finally be calculatedmaxWater surface water level hmax.In this way, being obtained calculating
State water surface water level hmaxAfterwards, fetch water water level h in face in the present inventionmaxDirectly for without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level in pressure tail water discharge；Recognize
For water surface water level hmaxSubstantially equal with tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level；The hydrostatic level knot of required tail water lock chamber 2 is finally obtained with this
Fruit.
Without loss of generality, level head z is determined for convenience in calculating processi, often assume that it is a certain convenient for obtain and
The reference plane of calculating is as datum plane 7.More specifically, it can be chosen in the present invention and calculate section N0To calculating section Nmax
In horizontal plane where relatively low bottom plate calculated as datum plane 7.
In addition, h in the present inventionwIndicate adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between head loss；The parameter
Adjacent calculating section N can specifically be passed throughiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between frictional head loss and the sum of local head loss
It obtains.And it can then pass through " hydraulics " teaching material or " hydraulic tunnel design specification " for frictional head loss and local head loss
Its corresponding calculation formula is checked in DL/T5195 to determine.
More specifically, it is generally the case that, In often related to the water velocity of corresponding position for local head loss
Calculating water velocity v value needed for calculating the local head loss in the present invention is water in basis " hydraulics " teaching material
Corresponding flow velocity value requires determination at corresponding site as defined in head costing bio disturbance formula；And for calculating frictional head loss
Required calculating water velocity v, which takes, calculates section NiCorresponding water flow mean flow rate viWith calculating section N(i+1)Corresponding water flow is flat
Equal flow velocity v(i+1)Arithmetic mean of instantaneous value, i.e. v=(vi+v(i+1))/2。
It is two neighboring calculating section N referring to shown in attached drawing 3iWith calculating section N(i+1)Schematic diagram.In practical calculating
In the process, the present invention can carry out the replacement of following calculated result in order to practical calculating: for ziIt takes and calculates section NiCentroid Oi
To the vertical range L of datum plane 7i；And for pi/ γ takes without calculating separately internal parameters and calculates section NiWater
Face is to calculating section NiCentroid OiBetween vertical range Hi；Without loss of generality, corresponding z(i+1)It takes and calculates section N(i+1)
Centroid O(i+1)To the vertical range L of datum plane 7(i+1)；And for p(i+1)/ γ, which then takes, calculates section N(i+1)The water surface to should
Calculate section N(i+1)Centroid O(i+1)Between vertical range H(i+1).Wherein, for centroid OiDetermine and need according to corresponding
Calculating section NiThe flow passage structure size and the water surface 6 at place corresponding water surface water level h in the positioniCorresponding calculate is obtained to break
Face NiShape, then obtain corresponding centroid Oi；And obtaining corresponding centroid Oi, can be according to calculating section NiThe water at place
Face water level hiCorresponding L is obtained with datum plane 7iAnd Hi。
In addition, for ease of calculation, the practical calculating process in the present invention in step D is preferably adopted as tentative calculation mode
It is calculated, that is, assumes corresponding calculating section N(i+1)Locate corresponding water flow mean flow rate v(i+1)；Then it calculates separately in formula
Equal sign both ends as a result, according to result sizes difference, adjust water flow mean flow rate v(i+1), until the result at equal sign both ends in formula
Until equal.
Claims (7)
1. without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, known without tail water runner (3) in pressure tail water discharge
It arragement construction and is calculated in the case where target flow Q, characterized by the following steps:
A, it obtains without the corresponding river water level in tail water runner (3) exit in pressure tail water discharge；
B, the cross-section of river for taking tail water runner (3) exit is Outlet Section N0, take the cross-section of river of tail water runner (3) inlet
For inlet section Nmax；Along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner (3) of tail water runner (3), successively compartment of terrain takes multiple water excessively
Section is corresponding calculating section Ni, wherein subscript i takes positive integer, calculates section NiIt indicates to be exported to tail from tail water runner (3)
I-th of the cross-section of river taken between the entrance of water flow passage (3)；
C, the river water level obtained using in step A is as Outlet Section N0The water surface water level h at place0；Pass through Outlet Section N0The water at place
Face water level h0, Outlet Section N0Design parameter and target flow Q Outlet Section N is calculated0Locate corresponding water flow mean flow
Fast v0；
D, datum plane is chosen, then from Outlet Section N0Start a calculating section N under tentative calculation step by stepiIt is average to locate corresponding water flow
Flow velocity vi, and inlet section N is finally calculatedmaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmax；
Adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between calculated using following calculation formula:
zi+pi/γ+vi 2/(2*g)+hw=z(i+1)+p(i+1)/γ+v(i+1) 2/(2*g)
In formula:
ziIt indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average bit energy, also known as position water possessed by Unit Weight water body
Head；
pi/ γ indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate average pressure energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
vi 2/ (2*g) indicates to calculate section N under relative datum planeiLocate mean kinetic energy possessed by Unit Weight water body；
piExpression, which acts on, calculates section NiCentroid on dynamic hydraulic pressure it is strong；
The bulk density of γ expression water；
viIt indicates to calculate section NiWater flow mean flow rate；
G indicates acceleration of gravity；
hwIndicate adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between gross head loss；
E, pass through inlet section NmaxDesign parameter, the inlet section N at placemaxLocate corresponding water flow mean flow rate vmaxWith specified stream
Inlet section N is calculated in amount QmaxThe water surface water level h at placemax；And the face water level h that fetches watermaxFor without tail water lock chamber in pressure tail water discharge
Hydrostatic level.
2. as described in claim 1 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is characterised in that: hwTake phase
Adjacent calculating section NiWith calculating section N(i+1)Between frictional head loss and the sum of local head loss.
3. as claimed in claim 2 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is characterised in that: calculate institute
Calculating water velocity v needed for the frictional head loss stated, which takes, calculates section NiCorresponding water flow mean flow rate viWith calculating section
N(i+1)Corresponding water flow mean flow rate v(i+1)Arithmetic mean of instantaneous value, i.e. v=(vi+v(i+1))/2。
4. as described in claim 1 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is characterised in that: ziTake meter
Calculate section NiCentroid OiTo the vertical range L of datum plane (7)i。
5. as claimed in claim 4 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is characterised in that: pi/ γ takes
Calculate section NiThe water surface to calculating section NiCentroid OiBetween vertical range Hi。
6. as described in any one of claim 1 to 5 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is special
Sign is: in stepb, the water along the Way in for being exported to tail water runner (3) of tail water runner (3), in tail water runner (3)
It is corresponding calculating section N that the cross-section of river at this is taken at the position of the stream every mutation of boundary conditioni。
7. as claimed in claim 6 without tail water lock chamber hydrostatic level calculation method in pressure tail water discharge, it is characterised in that: described
Position corresponding to situation is included any of the following at the position of the every mutation of flow boundary condition of tail water runner (3)
Place: the cross-section of river increases suddenly, the cross-section of river reduces suddenly, the cross-section of river merges, cross-section of river fork, the cross-section of river are climbed suddenly
Lower broken, bend entrance, the bend outlet suddenly of slope, the cross-section of river, the outlet of trash rack entrance, trash rack, gate slot entrance and gate slot go out
Mouthful.
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