CN110246902A - 具有背反射器的双面太阳能电池组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双面太阳能电池组件(100),所述双面太阳能电池组件包括受正面封装组件和背面封装组件保护的太阳能电池(101)。所述正面封装组件包括位于所述太阳能电池组件(100)前部上的透明顶盖(251)。所述背面封装组件具有透明部分(253‑2)和反射部分(253‑1),所述透明部分允许来自所述太阳能电池组件后部的光到达所述太阳能电池,所述反射部分反射来自所述太阳能电池组件(100)的所述前部的光。可例如通过在所述背板上印刷有色颜料来将所述透明部分(253‑2)和所述反射部分(253‑1)与背板集成在一起。所述反射部分(253‑1)也可位于与所述背板分离的反射组件上。在这种情况下,可在封装之前或封装之后将所述反射组件放置在透光背板的上方。
Description
本申请是基于申请日为2013年10月21日、申请号为2013800558435(国际申请号为PCT/US2013/065971)、题为“具有背反射器的双面太阳能电池组件”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本文所述主题的实施例整体涉及太阳能电池。更具体地讲,所述主题的实施例涉及太阳能电池组件。
背景技术
太阳能电池是熟知的用于将太阳辐射转换成电能的装置。太阳能电池具有正面和与正面相对的背面,所述正面在正常操作期间面向太阳以收集太阳辐射。投射在太阳能电池上的太阳辐射产生迁移至扩散区的电子和空穴,从而在扩散区之间形成电压差。形成到扩散区的金属触点,以允许外部电路(例如负载)连接到太阳能电池并由太阳能电池供电。
太阳能电池可以串联地连接并封装在一起以形成太阳能电池组件。所述封装为太阳能电池提供环境保护,并且可包括正面上的顶盖、封装太阳能电池的包封物、以及在背面上提供绝缘的背板。本发明的实施例涉及允许收集更多太阳辐射的背板和其他背面封装组件。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,双面太阳能电池组件包括受正面封装组件和背面封装组件保护的太阳能电池。正面封装组件包括太阳能电池组件前部上的透明顶盖。背面封装组件具有透明部分和反射部分,其中透明部分允许来自太阳能电池后部的光到达太阳能电池,反射部分反射来自太阳能电池组件前部的光。可例如通过在背板上印刷有色颜料来将透明部分和反射部分与背板集成在一起。反射部分也可位于与背板分离的反射组件上。在这种情况下,可在封装之前或封装之后将反射组件放置在透明背板上。
本领域的普通技术人员在阅读包括附图和权利要求书的本公开全文之后,本发明的这些和其他特征对于他们而言将是显而易见的。
附图说明
当结合以下附图考虑时,通过参见具体实施方式和权利要求书可以更完全地理解所述主题,其中在所有附图中,类似的附图标记是指类似的元件。附图未按比例绘制。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件。
图2-图4为示意性地示出了用于制造根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件的方法的剖视图。
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件中的太阳能电池的布置。
图6示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件的剖视图。
图7示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件的另一个剖视图。
图8示出了根据本发明实施例的背板。
图9示意性地示出了覆盖在根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件后部的太阳能电池上的背板。
图10示意性地示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的背板。
图11示意性地示出了覆盖在根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件后部的太阳能电池上的背板。
图12示意性地示出了与根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件后部上的背板分离的反射组件。
图13示意性地示出了与根据本发明另一个实施例的双面太阳能电池组件后部上的背板分离的反射组件。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,提供了许多具体细节,例如组件、材料和方法的例子,以提供对本发明实施例的全面理解。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到,本发明可在没有所述具体细节中的一者或多者的情况下实施。在其他情况下,未示出或描述熟知的细节,以避免混淆本发明的方面。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100。双面太阳能电池组件100为所谓的“地面太阳能电池组件”,因为它是专为用于固定应用而设计,例如在屋顶上使用或由光伏电站使用。在图1的例子中,双面太阳能电池组件100包括互连太阳能电池101的阵列。为了图示清晰起见,仅有一些太阳能电池101在图1中被标示。在图1的例子中,太阳能电池101包括背接触太阳能电池。在背接触太阳能电池中,所有扩散区和连接到扩散区的金属触点均形成在太阳能电池的背面上。即,P型扩散区和N型扩散区两者以及连接到它们的金属触点位于太阳能电池的背面。本发明的实施例在与背接触太阳能电池一起使用时尤为有利,因为它们允许从背面收集原本会被浪费的太阳辐射。在其他实施例中,太阳能电池101也可为正面接触太阳能电池或其他类型的太阳能电池。
可在图1中看到太阳能电池101的正面。由于太阳能电池101的正面在正常操作期间面向太阳,因此该正面也称为“向阳面”。太阳能电池101的背面与正面相对。框架102为太阳能电池101提供机械支撑。双面太阳能电池组件100的前部与太阳能电池101的正面在相同侧,可在图1中看到。双面太阳能电池组件100的后部104在前部103的下方。双面太阳能电池组件100的后部104与太阳能电池101的背面在相同侧。双面太阳能电池组件100是“双面的”,原因在于其允许收集来自前部103和后部104的太阳辐射。
图2-图4为示意性地示出了制造根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的方法的剖视图。
图2为示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的组件的分解图。双面太阳能电池组件100可包括透明顶盖251、包封物252片材、太阳能电池101、互连器254和背板253。背板253可为向太阳能电池组件100的其他组件提供环境保护的任何单层或多层材料。例如,含氟聚合物、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯硫醚、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、或聚苯醚可被用作单层背板或用作多层背板的一部分。前部103上的包封物252被标记为“252-1”,后部104上的包封物252被标记为“252-2”。透明顶盖251和正面包封物252-1用作正面封装组件,包封物252-2和背板253用作背面封装组件。在图2的例子中,透明顶盖251为最外侧的正面封装组件,背板253为最外侧的背面封装组件。
透明顶盖251和包封物252包含光学透明材料。透明顶盖251为前部103上的最上层,其保护太阳能电池101免受环境的影响。将双面太阳能电池组件100安装在野外,使得在正常操作期间透明顶盖251面向太阳。太阳能电池101的正面经由透明顶盖101面向太阳。在图2的例子中,透明顶盖201包括玻璃(例如,3.2mm厚的碱石灰玻璃)。
包封物252被构造为保护性地包封太阳能电池101。在一个实施例中,包封物252包含高电阻率材料,所述高电阻率材料被构造为通过防止电荷从太阳能电池101的正面泄漏至双面太阳能电池组件100的其他部分来防止太阳能电池极化。在一个实施例中,包封物252对电荷具有高电阻通道,从而防止电荷从太阳能电池101的正面经由透明顶盖251泄漏至双面太阳能电池组件100的框架102或其他部分。在图在图2的例子中,高电阻率包封物252片材放置在太阳能电池101的正面和背面。在一些实施例中,高电阻率包封物252片材仅在太阳能电池101的正面上。在这些实施例中,太阳能电池101背面上的包封物片材不是高电阻率包封物,例如聚乙基乙酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)。
互连器254可以包含金属以用于使太阳能电池101电互连。在图2的例子中,太阳能电池101包括串联地连接的背接触太阳能电池,并且互连器254电连接到太阳能电池101的背面上的相应P型扩散区和N型扩散区。在一个实施例中,互连器罩(例如,参见图7,罩256)放置在向阳面上的互连器254上,以在从前部103查看时在视觉上阻挡互连器254,并且/或者提供反射表面以散射(即,以多个角度反射)来自前部103的光。用于太阳能电池应用的互连器罩也公开于共同转让的美国专利No.7,390,961中,该专利全文以引用的方式并入本文。
太阳能电池101的背面面对背板253。在一个实施例中,背板253包含泰德拉(Tedlar)/聚酯/EVA(“TPE”)。背板253还可包含例如泰德拉/聚酯/泰德拉(“TPT”)或含有含氟聚合物的多层背板。背板253在后部104上。如将在下文更显而易见的那样,背板253可包括印刷有反射表面以反射原本朝向后部104离开的光的背板。
在一个实施例中,透明顶盖251、位于正面上的包封物252-1、通过互连器254电连接的太阳能电池101、位于背面上的包封物252-2和背板253形成在一起,从而形成保护性封装。这在图3中示出,其中上述组件以如图2中所示的堆叠顺序形成在一起。更具体地讲,太阳能电池101放置在包封物252-1和包封物252-2之间,背板253放置在包封物252-2下方,并且透明顶盖251放置在包封物252-1上方。然后通过例如真空层合,一起压制并加热刚才提及的组件。层合处理使包封物252-1片材和包封物252-2片材熔合在一起以包封太阳能电池101。在图3中,包封物252-1和包封物252-2仅被标记为“252”,以指示它们已经熔合在一起。
图4示出了图3的保护性封装,其安装在框架102上。由于包封于包封物252中,太阳能电池101与框架102是电隔离的。
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100中的太阳能电池101的布置。为了图示清晰起见,仅示出了一些太阳能电池101。在图5的例子中,太阳能电池101被布置为成行和成列的矩形形式。太阳能电池101可通过互连器254按列以串联方式电连接。太阳能电池101的一列可在列的端部(未示出)串联到相邻的太阳能电池101列。当然,太阳能电池101也可按行互连。
每个太阳能电池101可在每一侧与相邻太阳能电池101间隔约2mm。如将在下文更显而易见的那样,没有互连器254的太阳能电池101之间的间隙可被位于背板253(或其他背面封装组件)上的反射表面覆盖。例如,通常由虚线258界定的间隙可在背板253上具有相应的反射部分。反射部分可以覆盖相邻太阳能电池101的侧面(例如,参见侧面259)之间的区域以及由四个相邻太阳能电池101形成的“菱形”区域(例如,参见菱形区域260)。
图6示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的剖视图。图6是沿太阳能电池101的行截取的,其中这些太阳能电池的侧面没有通过互连器254连接(例如,参见图5的截面A-A)。在图6的例子中,太阳能电池101通过进入图中页面的互连器254按列连接。
在一个实施例中,背板253具有反射部分253-1和透明部分253-2。反射部分253-1提供用于散射光的反射表面,透明部分253-2是透光的以允许光容易地从其中通过。在操作中,来自前部103的光可通过透明顶盖251、包封物252并入射在太阳能电池101的正面上(参见箭头301)。来自前部103且在太阳能电池101之间通过的光被反射部分253-1朝向前部103反射(参见箭头302)。一些原本会被浪费的反射光最终进入太阳能电池101的正面(参见箭头302)。来自后部104的光通过透明部分253-2(参见箭头303)并且可最终进入太阳能电池101的正面或背面。背板253的反射/透明设计,或采用相同设计的其他背面封装组件使得能够收集更多的太阳辐射。
在一个实施例中,反射部分253-1在400nm和1200nm之间的所有波长内具有至少30%、优选50%、更优选70%的平均反射率。例如,反射部分253-1可包含白色颜料(例如,二氧化钛、硫酸钡、及其混合物)。反射部分253-1也可包含其他材料,诸如紫外线(UV)稳定剂和/或热稳定剂。用于反射部分253-1的其他合适颜色可包括黑色、红色、绿色或用于美观用途的其他颜色。一般来讲,可根据具体太阳能电池组件的最佳光散射来选择反射部分253-1的材料和颜色。例如,虽然银可为优秀的反射器材料,但由银制成的反射部分253-1可能无法散射足够的光来保证效率,因为大多数的反射光可简单地被直接反射出太阳能电池组件。在这种情况下,当使用银或其他高反射性材料时,可对反射部分253-1进行纹理化以实现最佳光散射。
可将反射材料直接印刷在透光(即,完全透明)的背板253上。印刷部分形成反射部分253-1,而未印刷反射材料的部分形成透明部分253-2。
图7示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的另一个剖视图。图7是沿太阳能电池101的列截取的,其中这些太阳能电池没有使用互连器254(例如,参见图5的截面B-B)。在图7的例子中,反射性互连器罩256朝向阳面放置以反射原本入射在相应互连器254的正面上的光。反射性互连器罩256可具有与背板253的反射部分253-1相同的性质和特征。在操作中,来自前部103的光通过透明顶盖251、包封物252并入射在太阳能电池101的正面上(参见箭头311)。来自前部103且在太阳能电池101之间通过的光被互连器罩304朝向前部103反射(参见箭头312)。一些原本会被浪费的反射光最终进入太阳能电池101的正面(参见箭头312)。来自后部104的光通过透明部分253-2(参见箭头313)并且可最终进入太阳能电池101的正面或背面。
图8示出了根据本发明实施例的背板253。在图8的例子中,反射部分253-1被构造为仅沿一个维度覆盖太阳能电池101之间的间隙(例如,在太阳能电池101的列之间),其中在太阳能电池101之间没有互连器254。例如,反射部分253-1可被构造为覆盖太阳能电池101的侧面之间的间隙(用于制造过程中的对准公差)的80%到300%,以及由四个相邻太阳能电池101形成的菱形区域。透明部分253-2允许光自由地通过背板253并入射在太阳能电池101上。透明部分253-2可在400nm和1200nm之间的所有波长内具有至少50%、优选70%、更优选90%的平均光透射率。
图9示意性地示出了覆盖在根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的后部104的太阳能电池101上的背板253。图9的例子示出了从后部104看到的双面太阳能电池组件100。背板253放置在太阳能电池101的上方(图9中仅标记了其中一些)并且通过例如真空层合形成在一起。出于参考目的,在图9中标记了连接太阳能电池101的互连器254中的一些。太阳能电池101的背面透过透明部分253-2显露,而太阳能电池101的相邻列之间的间隙被反射部分253-1覆盖。
在其他实施例中,反射部分253-1也可覆盖两个维度之间的间隙,诸如太阳能电池101的列和行之间的间隙。该实施例的例子示于图10的背板253A中,其中反射部分253-1沿垂直维度和水平维度两者覆盖太阳能电池101之间的间隙。在该实施例中,反射部分253-1围绕每个太阳能电池101。如前所述,透明部分253-2暴露太阳能电池101的背面,从而允许来自后部104的光从其中通过。反射部分253-1还沿两个维度覆盖框架和相邻太阳能电池101之间的间隙。
图11示意性地示出了图10的背板253A,该背板覆盖在根据本发明实施例的双面太阳能电池组件100的后部104的太阳能电池101上。图11的例子示出了从后部104看到的双面太阳能电池组件100。背板253A放置在太阳能电池101的上方(图11中仅标记了其中一些)并且通过例如真空层合形成在一起。太阳能电池101的背面透过透明部分253-2显露,而相邻太阳能电池101之间的间隙以及太阳能电池101与框架之间的间隙被反射部分253-1覆盖。
将反射部分253-1与背板253集成在一起简化了双面太阳能电池组件100的制造,因为背板253已自带了反射部分和透明部分。然而,不一定要将反射部分253-1与背板253集成在一起。例如,也可使用没有反射部分的透光背板。在这种情况下,在形成保护性封装之后,可将单独的白色(或其他颜色)胶带或其他反射组件附接在透光背板上。图12示意性地示出了该实施例的例子,其中透明盖251、包封在包封物252中的太阳能电池101以及背板371通过例如真空层合封装在一起。背板371包括完全透光的背板,该完全透光的背板暴露太阳能电池101的背面以接收来自双面太阳能电池组件100的后部的光。可于层合之后将特征和图案类似于反射部分253-1的反射组件372施加在背板371上。例如,反射组件372可包括附接到背板371上的白色胶带。
也可将反射组件372放置在透光背板372和包封物252-2之间,然后再进行封装,如图13所示。此后,通过例如真空层合将透明盖251、包封物252-1和包封物252-2、太阳能电池101、反射材料372以及背板371形成在一起以形成保护性封装。
已经公开了双面太阳能电池组件及其制造方法。虽然已提供了本发明的具体实施例,但是应当理解,这些实施例是用于举例说明的目的,而不用于限制。通过阅读本发明,许多另外的实施例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
Claims (20)
1.一种太阳能电池组件,包括:
多个太阳能电池;
包封所述多个太阳能电池的包封物;和
位于所述太阳能电池组件的后部上的背板,所述背板包括透光板和施加在所述透光板上的反射部分,其中所述透光板的不施加所述反射部分的部分形成所述背板的透明部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分包括颜料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述颜料包括二氧化钛、硫酸钡、或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分印刷在所述透光板上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述多个太阳能电池布置成阵列,并且所述反射部分覆盖所述阵列的行和列。
6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述多个太阳能电池布置成阵列,并且所述反射部分覆盖所述阵列的一个维度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,还包括:
位于所述太阳能电池组件的前部上的透明顶盖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述多个太阳能电池包括背接触太阳能电池。
9.一种太阳能电池组件,包括:
成阵列布置的多个太阳能电池;
包封所述多个太阳能电池的包封物;
透光背板;和
施加在所述背板上且覆盖所述阵列的第一维度的反射部分,其中所述背板的不施加所述反射部分的部分形成所述背板的透明部分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分包括颜料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池组件,其中,所述颜料包括二氧化钛、硫酸钡、或其混合物。
12.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分印刷在所述背板上。
13.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述第一维度是所述阵列的行,并且所述反射部分还覆盖所述阵列的列。
14.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分在所述背板与所述包封物之间。
15.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述背板在所述包封物与所述反射部分之间。
16.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池组件,还包括:
位于所述太阳能电池组件的前部上的透明顶盖。
17.一种太阳能电池组件,包括:
位于所述太阳能电池组件的前部上的透明顶盖;
多个太阳能电池;
包封所述多个太阳能电池的包封物;和
位于所述太阳能电池组件的后部上的背板,所述背板包括其上施加有反射部分以形成连续的反射部分的透光板,其中所述透光板的不施加所述反射部分的部分形成所述背板的透明部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分包括颜料。
19.根据权利要求18所述的太阳能电池组件,其中,所述颜料包括二氧化钛、硫酸钡、或其混合物。
20.根据权利要求17所述的太阳能电池组件,其中所述反射部分印刷在所述透光板上。
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JP6321666B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
UY35102A (es) | 2014-04-30 |
MX2015004891A (es) | 2015-12-09 |
CN110277457A (zh) | 2019-09-24 |
JP2021002675A (ja) | 2021-01-07 |
JP7040854B2 (ja) | 2022-03-23 |
USD956680S1 (en) | 2022-07-05 |
JP2015533028A (ja) | 2015-11-16 |
WO2014066265A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
US11757049B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
US20140116495A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
US10243087B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
CN104904023A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
AU2013334912A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
JP2018137465A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
US20190157468A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
US20180053860A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
MX344461B (es) | 2016-12-14 |
CL2015001015A1 (es) | 2015-12-04 |
AR093159A1 (es) | 2015-05-20 |
US9812590B2 (en) | 2017-11-07 |
AU2013334912B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
SA515360336B1 (ar) | 2017-12-13 |
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