CN110006793A - Experimental rig and method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load - Google Patents
Experimental rig and method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010223 real-time analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental rigs and method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load, experimental rig includes frame body, chamber, digital control system, computer, smart camera, first servo motor and the second servo motor, wherein chamber is located at the lower part of frame body, first servo motor is articulated in the top of frame body, method by pull rod are as follows: Step 1: chamber is placed in laboratory；Step 2: screening material；Step 3: assembly load bearing plate；Step 4: load bearing plate is lain in a horizontal plane in chamber；Step 5: the variation of acquisition power and displacement in real time；Step 6: realizing the variation of loading position；Step 7: before smart camera is erected at glass；Step 8: stopping load when reaching designated value；Step 9: obtaining translation and the rotational case of particle.The utility model has the advantages that the motion profile of particle under oscillatory load acts on, the i.e. translation of particle and rotational case can be counted accurately.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig and method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research, in particular to a kind of use
The experimental rig and method of granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load.
Background technique
Currently, based on high-speed railway, highway etc. high-quality rapid transit net construction in, to road (iron) road engineering
Construction more stringent requirements are proposed.As the main part of road (iron) road engineering, the conventional compaction technology of roadbed cannot
Meet the development need of current road (iron) road traffic.Roadbed intelligence compact technique is to raising and guarantees road (iron) road construction quality,
Project durability is promoted to play a significant role.
The subgrade compaction soil body substantially belongs to coarse particulate material.Granular materials is the set in contact point interaction particle
Body, each particle can be slided or be rotated in contact point relative to proximate particle, and the sliding and rotation of particle are to material
Constitutive behavior have important influence.In classical Continuum Mechanics, sliding is considered as the leading of material microdeformation
Factor, and relevant experimental study shows granular soil deformation mainly by rotation rather than by sliding control.Generate this phase
The main reason for mutual contradiction is because granular materials is the system of the complicated unordered accumulation of particle, to it under the effect of different stress
Particle sliding and rotation etc. kinematics amount measurement and statistics be difficult to realize.
Currently, domestic and foreign scholars mainly by vibrating, the indoor macroscopic view test such as triaxial compressions to be generally to evaluate
Relationship between granular materials global displacement amount and load or material nature.Its design method is mainly empirical, base
On the basis of repetition test.Thus occur that the deformation row of material entirety can not be described by specific particle displacement mode
For this phenomenon, this also illustrates the characteristics of motion that granular materials can not be inherently explained based on study of phenomenon empirical method and its
Relationship between deflection.Therefore, it is necessary to by some intuitive measurement methods, come count different external causes (load and
Vibration frequency etc.) or internal cause (grain shape or distribution mode etc.) act on the characteristics of motion of lower particle, further study the rule
With the relationship between granular materials physical and mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
In order to which real-time statistics difference external cause and internal cause act on the lower particle characteristics of motion, how in fact the main object of the present invention is
One kind that existing oscillatory load acts on lower particle motion conditions effect of visualization and provides is moved for granular materials under oscillatory load
The experimental rig and method of characteristic research.
Experimental rig provided by the present invention for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load includes frame body, examination
Tryoff, digital control system, computer, smart camera, first servo motor and the second servo motor, wherein chamber is located under frame body
Portion, first servo motor are articulated in the top of frame body by pull rod, and first servo motor can carry out left along the top of frame body
It moves right, first servo motor is located at the position of corresponding chamber, and the second servo motor is connected simultaneously with first servo motor
First servo motor is driven to be moved, the bottom of first servo motor is connected with connecting rod, and the bottom end of connecting rod, which is equipped with, to be added
Bearing plate is carried, first servo motor can load the sample in chamber by loading bearing plate, and smart camera is corresponding
The position setting of sample is placed in chamber, smart camera is connected with computer, and smart camera can move sample in chamber
State variation image is real-time transmitted in computer, and computer, first servo motor and the second servo motor are connected with digital control system,
First servo motor and the second servo motor control work by digital control system.
Chamber corresponds to the side plate of smart camera side and is made of transparent armorplate glass, the bottom plate of chamber and remaining
The side plate in three faces is made of steel plate.
Second servo motor is fixed on the column of frame body by support rod.
The bottom of first servo motor is equipped with displacement sensor, and displacement sensor is connected with digital control system, displacement sensing
Device can be real-time transmitted to the displacement data of first servo motor in digital control system, and digital control system is according to the biography of displacement sensor
Transmission of data controls the work of first servo motor, assembly force sensor and steering dress in the connecting rod of first servo motor bottom
It sets, force snesor and transfer are connected with digital control system, and force snesor can pass in real time collected pressure data
It is defeated by digital control system, digital control system controls the work of transfer, and the bottom of transfer is equipped with device for exerting, passes through pressure
Device is loaded sample of the load bearing plate into chamber to load bearing plate pressure.
Device for exerting is welded by steel plate, is in "Ji" type.
Image processing software is equipped in computer, computer can carry out real-time analysis processing to the picture that smart camera is shot.
Load bearing plate is the Hard PVC plate wide with chamber.
Computer, smart camera, first servo motor, the second servo motor, displacement sensor and force snesor are existing
The assembling of equipment, therefore, concrete model and specification are not repeated.
Provided by the present invention for the method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load, method is as described below:
Step 1: Visualization case is placed in smooth and ambient stable a laboratory, and guarantee
Indoor light is uniform；
Step 2: screening coarse particulate material to be measured as requested, and coarse particulate material to be measured is tiled according to specific requirement
In chamber, guarantee that material upper surface is horizontal；
Step 3: first servo motor is articulated in frame body top, displacement then is installed in the bottom of first servo motor
Sensor simultaneously connects connecting rod, and force snesor, transfer and device for exerting are installed in connecting rod, fills in the bottom of connecting rod
With load bearing plate；
Step 4: load bearing plate is lain in a horizontal plane in chamber endoparticle material upper surface, and in the first servo electricity
Immediately below machine, and guarantee to move in load bearing plate loading procedure；
Step 5: force snesor and displacement sensor are accessed computer acquisition system, the variation of power and displacement is acquired in real time；
Step 6: first servo motor, the second servo motor and transfer are accessed digital control system, and according to setting journey
The power and displacement data of sequence and computer acquisition are accordingly adjusted: first servo motor is adjusted by upper and lower elevation and shuttle speed
Save the size or frequency of oscillatory load；Second servo motor drives first servo motor to move left and right and the bar that is cooperatively connected drives and adds
Bearing plate is carried to realize the variation of loading position；
Step 7: smart camera is erected at immediately ahead of tempered glass, coverage covers entire tempered glass position,
Smart camera automatic shooting is set, frequency is 2 width/second；
Step 8: stopping load when the moving average of acquisition reaches designated value；
Step 9: smart camera is accessed in computer, image processing and analysis software is had in computer, and image is carried out pair
Than analysis, specific implementation method are as follows: found out each according to Voronoi diagram particle recognition technology is improved to particle recognition and label
The centroid coordinate of particle carries out ellipse fitting with area equation principle as the representative point of the particle position, with long axis and level
Position angle matches the same particle in continuous multiple frames figure and determines its change in location, obtain under load action as particle direction
Particle motion trajectory, the i.e. translation of particle and rotational case.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Image processing techniques is creatively introduced coarse particulate material vibrating compacting test by technical solution provided by the invention
In, solve can not real-time statistics difference external cause and internal cause act on lower this problem of the particle characteristics of motion, realize oscillatory load
Act on lower particle motion conditions visualization effect.Experimental rig size is big, and closer to practical compacting scene, and device preparation is pacified
Dress is easy, and safe operation is economical and practical.The combination of first servo motor, the second servo motor and loading device can be realized more
Kind oscillatory load loads effect, and can carry out vibrating compacting tests to various complicated soil body granular materials.Based on improvement Voronoi
Figure particle recognition technology can accurately count the motion profile that oscillatory load acts on lower particle, the i.e. translation and rotation of particle
Situation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental rig overall structure diagram of the present invention.
Mark in upper figure is as follows:
1, frame body 2, chamber 3, digital control system 4, computer 5, smart camera
6, first servo motor 7, the second servo motor 8, pull rod 9, connecting rod
10, bearing plate 11, sample 12, support rod 13, displacement sensor are loaded
14, force snesor 15, transfer 16, device for exerting.
Specific embodiment
It please refers to shown in Fig. 1:
Embodiment one:
Experimental rig provided by the present invention for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load include frame body 1,
Chamber 2, digital control system 3, computer 4, smart camera 5, first servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7, wherein chamber 2 is set
In the lower part of frame body 1, first servo motor 6 is articulated in the top of frame body 1 by pull rod 8, and first servo motor 6 can be along frame
The top of body 1 is moved left and right, and first servo motor 6 is located at the position of corresponding chamber 2, the second servo motor 7 and
One servo motor 6 is connected and first servo motor 6 is driven to be moved, and the bottom of first servo motor 6 is connected with connecting rod
9, the bottom end of connecting rod 9 is equipped with load bearing plate 10, and first servo motor 6 can be to chamber 2 by load bearing plate 10
Interior sample 11 is loaded, and the position setting of sample 11, smart camera 5 and computer are placed in the corresponding chamber 2 of smart camera 5
4 are connected, and smart camera 5 can be real-time transmitted to the dynamic change image of sample 11 in chamber 2 in computer 4, computer 4, the
One servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7 are connected with digital control system 3, first servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7 by
Digital control system 3 controls work.
The side plate of corresponding 5 side of smart camera of chamber 2 is made of transparent armorplate glass, the bottom plate of chamber 2 with
The side plate in its excess-three face is made of steel plate.
Second servo motor 7 is fixed on the column of frame body 1 by support rod 12.
The bottom of first servo motor 6 is equipped with displacement sensor 13, and displacement sensor 13 is connected with digital control system 3, position
Displacement sensor 13 can be real-time transmitted to the displacement data of first servo motor 6 in digital control system 3, and digital control system 3 is according to position
The transmission data of displacement sensor 13 control the work of first servo motor 6, assemble in the connecting rod 9 of 6 bottom of first servo motor
Force sensor 14 and transfer 15, force snesor 14 and transfer 15 are connected with digital control system 3, force snesor 14
Can be collected pressure data real-time Transmission to digital control system 3, digital control system 3 controls the work of transfer 15, turns to
The bottom of device 15 is equipped with device for exerting 16, makes to load bearing plate to load bearing plate 10 pressure by device for exerting 16
10 sample 11 into chamber 2 is loaded.
Device for exerting 16 is welded by steel plate, is in "Ji" type.
Image processing software is equipped in computer 4, computer 4 can carry out at real-time analysis the picture that smart camera 5 is shot
Reason.
Load bearing plate 10 is the Hard PVC plate wide with chamber 2.
Digital control system 3 selects HSV-180U series high-speed single chip microcontroller, and the is controlled by customized output program
The operation of one servo motor 6 and the second servo motor 7, HSV-180U are Central China numerical control existing products.
Computer 4, smart camera 5, first servo motor 6, the second servo motor 7, displacement sensor 13 and force snesor 14
It is the assembling of existing equipment, therefore, concrete model and specification are not repeated.
Provided by the present invention for the method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load, method is as described below:
Step 1: Visualization case 2 is placed in smooth and ambient stable a laboratory, and guarantee
Indoor light is uniform；
Step 2: screening coarse particulate material to be measured as requested, and coarse particulate material to be measured is tiled according to specific requirement
In chamber 2, guarantee that material upper surface is horizontal；This example chosen material is dust, and particle size range is between 5mm-20mm, grade
With good.Dust to be measured is laid in chamber 2 according to specific requirement, point three layers of uniform thickness are mated formation, it just spreads with a thickness of 400mm,
Material upper surface remains basically stable after the completion of mating formation, and target thickness is 350mm after compacting.
Step 3: first servo motor 6 is articulated in 1 top of frame body, then in the bottom installation position of first servo motor 6
Displacement sensor 13 simultaneously connects connecting rod 9, and force snesor 14, transfer 15 and device for exerting 16 are installed in connecting rod 9, even
The bottom assembly load bearing plate 10 of extension bar 9；
Step 4: load bearing plate 10 is lain in a horizontal plane in 2 endoparticle material upper surface of chamber, and it is in the first servo
Immediately below motor 6, and guarantee to move in load 10 loading procedure of bearing plate；
Step 5: force snesor 14 and displacement sensor 13 are accessed 4 acquisition system of computer, power and displacement are acquired in real time
Variation；
Step 6: first servo motor 6, the second servo motor 7 and transfer 15 are accessed digital control system, and according to setting
The power and displacement data for determining program and the acquisition of computer 4 are accordingly adjusted: first servo motor 6 passes through upper and lower elevation and round-trip speed
It spends to adjust the size or frequency of oscillatory load；Second servo motor 7 drives first servo motor 6 to move left and right and is cooperatively connected
Bar 9 drives load bearing plate 10 to realize the variation of loading position；The frequency of oscillatory load is set as 45Hz, passes through in this example
The promotion of second servo motor 7 makes vibrating compacting since the right end of chamber 2, and being compacted range at this time is 0- from right to left
400mm range stops load when four displacement sensors 13 show that vertical displacement average value reaches 50mm, passes through the second servo
The pulling of motor 7 makes oscillatory load system be moved to chamber 2 from right to left within the scope of 300-700mm, load is started again at, when four
A displacement sensor 13, which is shown, stops load when vertical displacement average value reaches 50mm.It repeats complete in aforesaid operations to chamber 2
Region vertical displacement reaches 50mm and terminates load.
Step 7: smart camera 5 is erected at immediately ahead of tempered glass, coverage covers entire tempered glass portion
Position, setting smart camera 5 automatically snap, and frequency is 2 width/second；
Step 8: stopping load when the moving average of acquisition reaches designated value；
Step 9: by smart camera 5 access computer 4 in, in computer 4 have image processing and analysis software, to image into
Row comparative analysis, specific implementation method are as follows: particle recognition and label are found out according to Voronoi diagram particle recognition technology is improved
The centroid coordinate of each particle carries out ellipse fitting with area equation principle as the representative point of the particle position, with long axis with
Horizontal position angle matches the same particle in continuous multiple frames figure and determines its change in location as particle direction, obtains load and makees
With lower particle motion trajectory, the i.e. translation of particle and rotational case.
Embodiment two:
Using dust in embodiment one, from first paving thickness 400mm vibrating compacting to 350mm, add by the way that setting is fixed
Carrier frequency rate can change the step two and six embodiment on the basis of example 1 come the compacting process realized.Choose thick
Grain material is circle gravel, from first paving thickness 450mm vibrating compacting to 350mm, fixes on-load pressure size as 20kPa by set,
Vertical displacement situation is surveyed in compacting process, stops load when 2 range inner circle gravel settling amount of chamber reaches 100mm.Repeat it
Its step obtains particle motion trajectory (translation and rotation).
Claims (8)
1. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load, it is characterised in that: include frame body,
Chamber, digital control system, computer, smart camera, first servo motor and the second servo motor, wherein chamber is located at frame body
Lower part, first servo motor are articulated in the top of frame body by pull rod, and first servo motor can be carried out along the top of frame body
It moves left and right, first servo motor is located at the position of corresponding chamber, and the second servo motor is connected with first servo motor
And first servo motor is driven to be moved, the bottom of first servo motor is connected with connecting rod, and the bottom end of connecting rod is equipped with
Bearing plate is loaded, first servo motor can load the sample in chamber by loading bearing plate, smart camera pair
The position setting that sample is placed in chamber is answered, smart camera is connected with computer, and smart camera can be sample in chamber
Dynamic change image is real-time transmitted in computer, and computer, first servo motor and the second servo motor are connected with digital control system
It connects, first servo motor and the second servo motor control work by digital control system.
2. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the chamber corresponds to the side plate of smart camera side and is made of transparent armorplate glass, the bottom of chamber
Plate and the side plate in its excess-three face are made of steel plate.
3. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: second servo motor is fixed on the column of frame body by support rod.
4. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the bottom of the first servo motor is equipped with displacement sensor, and displacement sensor is connected with digital control system, position
Displacement sensor can be real-time transmitted to the displacement data of first servo motor in digital control system, and digital control system is according to displacement sensing
The work of the transmission data control first servo motor of device, in the connecting rod of first servo motor bottom assembly force sensor and
Transfer, force snesor and transfer are connected with digital control system, and force snesor can be collected pressure data
Real-time Transmission controls the work of transfer to digital control system, digital control system, and the bottom of transfer is equipped with device for exerting, leads to
It crosses device for exerting and is loaded to load bearing plate pressure to make to load sample of the bearing plate into chamber.
5. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 4,
Be characterized in that: the device for exerting is welded by steel plate, is in "Ji" type.
6. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: being equipped with image processing software in the computer, the picture that computer can shoot smart camera is divided in real time
Analysis processing.
7. a kind of experimental rig for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the load bearing plate is the Hard PVC plate wide with chamber.
8. a kind of method for granular materials kinetic characteristic research under oscillatory load, it is characterised in that: its method is as described below:
Step 1: Visualization case is placed in smooth and ambient stable a laboratory, and guarantee interior
Light is uniform；
Step 2: screening coarse particulate material to be measured as requested, and coarse particulate material to be measured is laid in examination according to specific requirement
In tryoff, guarantee that material upper surface is horizontal；
Step 3: first servo motor is articulated in frame body top, displacement sensing then is installed in the bottom of first servo motor
Device simultaneously connects connecting rod, and force snesor, transfer and device for exerting are installed in connecting rod, and in the bottom of connecting rod, assembly adds
Carry bearing plate；
Step 4: load bearing plate is lain in a horizontal plane in chamber endoparticle material upper surface, and just in first servo motor
Lower section, and guarantee to move in load bearing plate loading procedure；
Step 5: force snesor and displacement sensor are accessed computer acquisition system, the variation of power and displacement is acquired in real time；
Step 6: first servo motor, the second servo motor and transfer are accessed digital control system, and according to setting program and
The power and displacement data of computer acquisition are accordingly adjusted: first servo motor adjusts vibration by upper and lower elevation and shuttle speed
The size or frequency of dynamic load；Second servo motor drives first servo motor to move left and right and the bar that is cooperatively connected drives load to hold
Pressing plate realizes the variation of loading position；
Step 7: smart camera is erected at immediately ahead of tempered glass, coverage covers entire tempered glass position, setting
Smart camera automatic shooting, frequency are 2 width/second；
Step 8: stopping load when the moving average of acquisition reaches designated value；
Step 9: smart camera is accessed in computer, image processing and analysis software is had in computer, and image is compared point
Analysis, specific implementation method are as follows: each particle is found out to particle recognition and label according to Voronoi diagram particle recognition technology is improved
Centroid coordinate ellipse fitting is carried out with area equation principle, as the representative point of the particle position with long axis and horizontal position
Angle matches the same particle in continuous multiple frames figure and determines its change in location, obtain particle under load action as particle direction
Motion profile, the i.e. translation of particle and rotational case.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111272614A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for researching vibration compaction mechanism of coarse-grained soil |
| CN112229767A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Experimental device and method for measuring vibration of particulate matter |
| CN113295597A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-24 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating characteristics of ballast particles under cyclic loading action |
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| CN111272614A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-12 | 中南大学 | Test device and method for researching vibration compaction mechanism of coarse-grained soil |
| CN112229767A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-15 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Experimental device and method for measuring vibration of particulate matter |
| CN113295597A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-24 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating characteristics of ballast particles under cyclic loading action |
| CN113295597B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-04-26 | 中南大学 | Testing device and testing method for simulating characteristics of ballast particles under cyclic loading action |
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