CN109951905A - An infrared radiating member and an infrared generator including the same - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种红外辐射件以及包括其的红外发生器，其中的红外辐射件，其特征在于，包括：辐射本体，用于通过加热而向外辐射产生的红外线，辐射本体的至少一个表面为具有多个通过表面凹陷形成的且均匀分布的凹坑的辐射面，凹坑具有设置在底端的坑底、环绕坑底并沿坑底向外延伸形成的坑壁以及在该坑壁顶端的坑口，每个凹坑满足：D/R1≧1，D为一个凹坑的深度，R1为该凹坑的坑口半径，一个坑口的半径为能刚好覆盖住该坑口时的圆的半径。
The present invention provides an infrared radiating member and an infrared generator including the same, wherein the infrared radiating member is characterized by comprising: a radiating body for radiating the infrared rays generated outward by heating, at least one surface of the radiating body It is a radiating surface with a plurality of pits formed by surface depression and evenly distributed, and the pit has a pit bottom arranged at the bottom end, a pit wall formed around the pit bottom and extending outward along the pit bottom, and a pit wall at the top of the pit wall. Pit, each pit satisfies: D/R1≧1, D is the depth of a pit, R1 is the pit radius of the pit, and the radius of a pit is the radius of the circle that can just cover the pit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种红外辐射件以及包括其的红外发生器，特别是 涉及一种能大幅度提升中红外线的辐射系数和并能提高辐射的定向 性的红外辐射件以及包括其的红外发生器。The present invention relates to an infrared radiating element and an infrared generator including the same, in particular to an infrared radiating element that can greatly improve the emissivity of mid-infrared rays and the directivity of radiation, and an infrared generator including the same.
背景技术Background technique
中远红外线的产生是一个比较麻烦的事情，通常采用加热物体的 方法，使物体产生热辐射的方法来获得中长波红外线。The generation of mid- and far-infrared rays is a relatively troublesome matter. Usually, the method of heating the object and the method of making the object generate thermal radiation to obtain the mid- and long-wave infrared rays.
常用的方法是用电通过一段电热丝、钼丝或者钨丝，使得电热 丝、钼丝或者钨丝发热，温度上升到2000℃-2700℃，直接使得电热 丝或钨丝产生热致辐射，从而发射出红外线。The commonly used method is to use electricity to pass a section of heating wire, molybdenum wire or tungsten wire to make the heating wire, molybdenum wire or tungsten wire generate heat, and the temperature rises to 2000℃-2700℃, which directly causes the heating wire or tungsten wire to generate thermal radiation, thereby emits infrared rays.
但是这种方式来获得红外线，由于发热材料的红外辐射特性效率 不高，这种方式做的红外源效率是比较低下的；而且通常发热体温度 较高，容易着火或者产生烫伤，安全性不高；而且往往还伴随着比较 强的可见光辐射，可见光辐射在有的应用里面是不希望有的。However, to obtain infrared rays in this way, due to the low efficiency of the infrared radiation characteristics of the heating material, the efficiency of the infrared source made by this method is relatively low; and the temperature of the heating body is usually high, which is easy to catch fire or cause burns, and the safety is not high. and often accompanied by relatively strong visible light radiation, which is undesirable in some applications.
为了照顾安全性，这类产品往往就需要把发热体的温度降到比较 低的程度，这样一来，红外辐射源辐射的红外线的功率和功率密度又 往往会很大的下降，使得应用效果大打折扣。In order to take care of safety, such products often need to reduce the temperature of the heating body to a relatively low level. In this way, the power and power density of the infrared rays radiated by the infrared radiation source are often greatly reduced, making the application effect great. discount.
另外，而且，目前通常的热致红外辐射源，在热致辐射红外线时， 通常是同时向辐射源的四面八方360度辐射，对板状的，又会同时向 板的六个面辐射红外线，红外辐射能量无方向性，使得向某一特定方 向范围内的能量不集中而分散，辐射功率能量密度会大幅度的降低。In addition, the current common thermal infrared radiation source, when thermally radiating infrared radiation, usually radiates 360 degrees in all directions of the radiation source at the same time. The radiation energy is non-directional, so that the energy in a certain direction is not concentrated and dispersed, and the radiation power energy density will be greatly reduced.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明是为了解决上述问题而进行的，目的在于提供一种能大幅 度提升中红外线的辐射系数和并能提高辐射的定向性的红外辐射件 以及包括其的红外发生器。The present invention is made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an infrared radiating member and an infrared generator including the same, which can greatly improve the emissivity of the mid-infrared rays and the directivity of the radiation.
本发明为了实现上述目的，采用了以下方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
本发明提供了一种红外辐射件，其特征在于，包括：辐射本体， 用于通过加热而向外辐射产生的红外线，辐射本体的至少一个表面为 具有多个通过表面凹陷形成的且均匀分布的凹坑的辐射面，凹坑具有 设置在底端的坑底、环绕坑底并沿坑底向外延伸形成的坑壁以及在该 坑壁顶端的坑口，每个凹坑满足：D/R1≧1，D为一个凹坑的深度， R1为该凹坑的坑口的半径，一个坑口的半径为能刚好覆盖住该坑口 时的圆的半径。The present invention provides an infrared radiation member, which is characterized by comprising: a radiation body for radiating infrared rays generated by heating, and at least one surface of the radiation body has a plurality of uniformly distributed radiation bodies formed by surface depressions. The radiation surface of the pit, the pit has a pit bottom arranged at the bottom end, a pit wall formed around the pit bottom and extending outward along the pit bottom and a pit opening at the top of the pit wall, each pit satisfies: D/R1≧1 , D is the depth of a pit, R1 is the radius of the pit mouth, and the radius of a pit mouth is the radius of the circle that can just cover the pit mouth.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，两个相邻 坑口之间的边线距离满足：L≤R2/2，R2为所有坑口的半径的平均值， L为两个相邻坑口各自对应的圆的中心连线的距离再减去这两个坑口 各自的半径。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the distance between two adjacent pit openings satisfies: L≤R2/2, R2 is the average value of the radii of all the pit openings, and L is the two adjacent pit openings. The distance between the centers of the corresponding circles of the pit openings is subtracted from the respective radii of the two pit openings.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，当辐射面 的最长边长的尺寸大于10mm时，各个坑口的尺寸小于等于该最长边 长的尺寸的10％，当该最长边长的尺寸小于等于10mm的，各个坑口 的尺寸小于等于该最长边长的尺寸30％，坑口的尺寸为能刚好覆盖住 该坑口时的圆的直径。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that, when the dimension of the longest side of the radiation surface is greater than 10 mm, the dimension of each pit is less than or equal to 10% of the dimension of the longest side, and when the dimension of the longest side is greater than 10 mm If the size of the long side is less than or equal to 10mm, the size of each pit is less than or equal to 30% of the size of the longest side, and the size of the pit is the diameter of the circle that can just cover the pit.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，制备辐射 本体的材质中含有三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化锆、 堇青石以及莫来石中的一种或多种。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the material for preparing the radiation body contains aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, cordierite and mullite. one or more.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，辐射本体 为陶瓷材料制备而成。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the radiation body is made of ceramic material.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，凹坑的坑 底尺寸大于坑口的尺寸，或坑底的尺寸小于等于坑口的尺寸，坑底的 尺寸为能刚好覆盖住该坑底时的圆的直径，坑口的尺寸为能刚好覆盖 住该坑口时的圆的直径。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has such a feature, wherein the size of the pit bottom of the pit is larger than the size of the pit mouth, or the size of the pit bottom is smaller than or equal to the size of the pit mouth, and the size of the pit bottom is enough to just cover the pit bottom The diameter of the circle at the time of opening, and the size of the hole is the diameter of the circle when it can just cover the hole.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，坑口的形 状为圆形或多边形。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the shape of the pit is a circle or a polygon.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，坑口的形 状为三角形、四边形、五边形以及六边形中的任意一种。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the shape of the pit is any one of a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon and a hexagon.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，辐射面上 覆盖有含有有助提高红外辐射率的材料的辐射层。The infrared radiating member provided by the present invention is further characterized in that the radiating surface is covered with a radiating layer containing a material which helps to increase the infrared emissivity.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，材料为石墨烯、 三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化锆、堇青石以及莫来 石、铁及其化合物、锰及其化合物以及稀土及其化合物中的一种或两 种。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the characteristics that the materials are graphene, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, cordierite and mullite, iron and its compounds, One or both of manganese and its compounds and rare earths and its compounds.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，所有凹坑 以外的辐射面上镀上含有金属的金属反光层，该金属反光层的粗糙度 小于等于1.6。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that all radiation surfaces other than the pits are coated with a metal reflective layer containing metal, and the roughness of the metal reflective layer is less than or equal to 1.6.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，辐射本体 的至少一个表面为光滑的光滑面，该光滑面的粗糙度小于等于1.6， 或该光滑面上镀上含有金属的金属反光层，该金属反光层的粗糙度小 于等于1.6。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has such a feature, wherein at least one surface of the radiation body is a smooth smooth surface, the roughness of the smooth surface is less than or equal to 1.6, or the smooth surface is plated with metal reflective metal containing metal layer, the roughness of the metal reflective layer is less than or equal to 1.6.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，辐射本体 的至少一个表面为光滑面，光滑面上覆盖含有隔热材料的隔热层。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has such a feature, wherein at least one surface of the radiation body is a smooth surface, and the smooth surface is covered with a heat insulating layer containing heat insulating material.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，隔热材料 为纳米空心陶瓷管、毛细空心陶瓷管、纳米空心陶瓷球、毛细空心陶 瓷球、纳米空心碳素管、毛细空心碳素管、纳米空心硅素管、毛细空 心硅素管、气凝胶、耐高温且热导率大于3W/(m.K)的塑料材料中的 一种或几种，气凝胶为纳米空心陶瓷管、毛细空心陶瓷管、纳米空心 陶瓷球、毛细空心陶瓷球、纳米空心碳素管、毛细空心碳素管、纳米 空心硅素管、毛细空心硅素管陶瓷、纳米空心陶瓷管或、毛细空心陶 瓷管、纳米空心陶瓷球、毛细空心陶瓷球或球、纳米空心碳素管或、 毛细空心碳素管、纳米空心硅素管以及毛细空心硅素管中的任意一种 或几种制成。。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the heat insulating material is nano hollow ceramic tube, capillary hollow ceramic tube, nano hollow ceramic ball, capillary hollow ceramic ball, nano hollow carbon tube, capillary hollow carbon Tube, nano hollow silica tube, capillary hollow silica tube, aerogel, one or more of plastic materials with high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity greater than 3W/(m.K), aerogel is nano hollow ceramic tube, capillary hollow Ceramic tube, nano hollow ceramic ball, capillary hollow ceramic ball, nano hollow carbon tube, capillary hollow carbon tube, nano hollow silicon tube, capillary hollow silicon tube ceramic, nano hollow ceramic tube or, capillary hollow ceramic tube, nano hollow ceramic It is made of any one or more of balls, capillary hollow ceramic balls or balls, nano hollow carbon tubes or, capillary hollow carbon tubes, nano hollow silicon tubes and capillary hollow silicon tubes. .
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，隔热层的 外表面上还镀有含有金属的金属反光层，用于降低隔热层的表面辐射 系数或能力，该金属反光层的粗糙度小于等于1.6。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the outer surface of the heat insulating layer is further plated with a metal reflective layer containing metal to reduce the surface emissivity or capability of the heat insulating layer, and the metal reflective layer is The roughness is less than or equal to 1.6.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，金属反光 层中的金属为镍、铬、钛、铝、铜、银以及金中的任意一种或多种。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the metal in the metal reflective layer is any one or more of nickel, chromium, titanium, aluminum, copper, silver and gold.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，红外线为 的波长为1.3-9.7um。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the wavelength of the infrared rays is 1.3-9.7um.
本发明提供的红外辐射件，还具有这样的特征，其中，辐射本体 为板式。The infrared radiation element provided by the present invention also has the feature that the radiation body is a plate type.
本发明还提供一种红外发生器，其特征在于，包括：红外辐射件， 用于通过加热而向外辐射产生的红外线，其中，红外辐射件为上述的 红外辐射件。The present invention also provides an infrared generator, which is characterized by comprising: an infrared radiating member for radiating the infrared rays generated by heating to the outside, wherein the infrared radiating member is the above-mentioned infrared radiating member.
本发明提供的红外发生器，还具有这样的特征：其中，红外辐射 件的内部具有具有发热电路，通过连接电后进行电加热而向外辐射产 生红外线。The infrared generator provided by the present invention also has the following characteristics: wherein, the infrared radiating element has a heating circuit inside, and is radiated to generate infrared rays by electric heating after being connected to electricity.
发明作用与效果Invention action and effect
本发明提供的红外辐射件和红外发生器，其中的用于通过加热而 向外辐射产生的红外线的红外辐射件包括辐射本体，由于该辐射本体 的至少一个表面为具有多个通过表面凹陷形成的且均匀分布的凹坑 的辐射面，而且每个凹坑满足：D/R1≧1，D为一个凹坑的深度，R1 为该凹坑的坑口的半径，所以能提高红外辐射件对红外的辐射效果， 特别是能大幅度提高波长范围为1.3um-9.7um的红外线的辐射效果， 同时，还能大大提高向外辐射的红外线的聚集效果，也即能将向外辐 射的方向，向一个方向聚拢辐射，从而能实现对接收红外辐射的目标 物的定向辐射，这样避免了向不同方向发散辐射造成的不必要的浪费，从而能减小红外辐射件的整体尺寸，进而整体减小红外发生器的 整体尺寸，并降低需要的辐射器的整体功率。In the infrared radiating member and the infrared generator provided by the present invention, the infrared radiating member for radiating the infrared rays generated by heating to the outside includes a radiating body, because at least one surface of the radiating body has a plurality of surface recesses formed by And the radiation surface of the evenly distributed pits, and each pit satisfies: D/R1≧1, D is the depth of a pit, R1 is the radius of the pit mouth of the pit, so it can improve the infrared radiation effect of the infrared radiation part. The radiation effect, especially the radiation effect of infrared rays with a wavelength range of 1.3um-9.7um, can be greatly improved. The radiation is concentrated in the direction, so that the directional radiation of the target object receiving infrared radiation can be realized, which avoids unnecessary waste caused by the divergent radiation in different directions, thereby reducing the overall size of the infrared radiation component, thereby reducing the overall infrared radiation generation. reduce the overall size of the radiator and reduce the overall power required for the radiator.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例中涉及的红外发生器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment;
图2为实施例所涉及的红外发生器的***分解图；2 is an exploded exploded view of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment;
图3为实施例中涉及的红外辐射件的部分局部结构放大结构示 意图；Fig. 3 is the partial partial structure enlarged structural schematic diagram of the infrared radiation element involved in the embodiment;
图4为实施例中涉及的内部电极的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal electrodes involved in the embodiment;
图5为实施例中涉及的红外辐射件的支撑件的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the support member of the infrared radiation member involved in the embodiment;
图6为实施例涉及的红外发生器的一种工况下的红外辐射能谱 曲线；Fig. 6 is the infrared radiation energy spectrum curve under a kind of working condition of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment;
图7为变形例涉及的红外发生器的结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared generator involved in a modification;
图8为变形例涉及的红外发生器的***分解图；8 is an exploded exploded view of the infrared generator involved in the modification;
图9为变形例涉及的红外发生器的剖视图。9 is a cross-sectional view of an infrared generator according to a modification.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明。对于实施例中所用到的 具体方法或材料，本领域技术人员可以在本发明技术思路的基础上， 根据已有的技术进行常规的替换选择，而不仅限于本发明实施例的具 体记载。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. For the specific methods or materials used in the embodiments, those skilled in the art can perform conventional replacement selections according to the existing technology on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention, and are not limited to the specific records of the embodiments of the present invention.
实施例Example
图1为实施例中涉及的红外发生器的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment;
图2为实施例所涉及的红外发生器的***分解图。FIG. 2 is an exploded exploded view of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment.
本实施例提供的红外发生器1包括：石英容器100、两个外部电 极200、红外辐射件300、两个内部电极400以及红外反射件500。The infrared generator 1 provided in this embodiment includes: a quartz container 100 , two external electrodes 200 , an infrared radiation member 300 , two internal electrodes 400 and an infrared reflection member 500 .
石英容器100具有内部空腔110，且内部空腔110呈真空，本实 施例中，内部空腔110的真空度的范围小于等于1托(torr)，此时， 可以认为内部空腔110的热对流消失了，从而减少热量损失，以主要 产生需要的红外辐射。石英容器100的外观可以为各种形状，只要壁密封，以让内部空腔110形成真空的空间即可，本实施例中，石英 容器100为管状。The quartz container 100 has an inner cavity 110, and the inner cavity 110 is in a vacuum state. In this embodiment, the range of the vacuum degree of the inner cavity 110 is less than or equal to 1 torr. At this time, the heat of the inner cavity 110 can be considered as Convection disappears, thereby reducing heat loss to primarily generate the required infrared radiation. The appearance of the quartz container 100 can be in various shapes, as long as the walls are sealed so that the inner cavity 110 can form a vacuum space. In this embodiment, the quartz container 100 is tubular.
另外，制备石英容器100的石英纯度最好大于等于99.99％，在 该前提下，可以选用无色透明水晶进行制备，也即二氧化硅的含量达 到w(SiO2)≥99.99％(4N)的标准的石英(重量比)，也采用具有含有 直径小于等于100um的气泡石英进行制备，这些都能较好地透过目标 红外线其确保其透过率。In addition, the purity of the quartz for preparing the quartz container 100 is preferably greater than or equal to 99.99%. Under this premise, colorless and transparent crystal can be selected for preparation, that is, the content of silica reaches w(SiO 2 ) ≥ 99.99% (4N). Standard quartz (weight ratio) is also prepared by using bubble quartz with a diameter of less than or equal to 100um, which can better transmit the target infrared rays and ensure its transmittance.
另外，石英容器100的壁上还设置有将内部空腔110与石英容器 的外部相连通的排气管120，通过该排气管120对内部空腔110进行 真空处理。排气管120采用与制备石英容器相同的材料制备而成。In addition, the wall of the quartz container 100 is also provided with an exhaust pipe 120 which communicates the inner cavity 110 with the outside of the quartz container, and the inner cavity 110 is subjected to vacuum treatment through the exhaust pipe 120. The exhaust pipe 120 is made of the same material as the quartz container.
两个外部电极200，相对应地分别设置在石英容器100的壁的两 个端面130上，且外部电极200的一端用于与供电线路的电连接。本 实施例中，两个端面130分别为对石英容器100进行封口后得到的两 个封口端，所以该每个外部电极200的一端设置在相应的封口端130 的外部。Two external electrodes 200 are correspondingly disposed on the two end faces 130 of the wall of the quartz container 100, and one end of the external electrodes 200 is used for electrical connection with the power supply line. In this embodiment, the two end faces 130 are the two sealing ends obtained after sealing the quartz container 100 respectively, so one end of each external electrode 200 is disposed outside the corresponding sealing end 130 .
红外辐射件300安装在内部空腔110内，用于通过加热而向外辐 射产生的红外线。The infrared radiating member 300 is installed in the inner cavity 110 for radiating the generated infrared rays to the outside by heating.
图3为实施例中涉及的红外辐射件的局部放大结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of the infrared radiation element involved in the embodiment.
如图3所示，红外辐射件300包括辐射本体310，该辐射本体310 的内部具有发热电路，连接电后进行发热。辐射本体310的至少一个 表面为具有多个通过表面凹陷形成的且均匀分布的凹坑311的辐射 面312，也即至少一个表面是辐射面312，而且这个辐射面312是具 有多个通过表面凹陷形成的均匀分布的凹坑311的。通过均匀分布的 凹坑311，能够将原本辐射面312上的180度辐射，变成在法向方向 加强的会聚辐射或者有一定定向的辐射，且提高其辐射系数。As shown in FIG. 3 , the infrared radiation element 300 includes a radiation body 310 , and the radiation body 310 has a heating circuit inside, and generates heat after being connected to electricity. At least one surface of the radiation body 310 is a radiation surface 312 having a plurality of recesses 311 formed by surface depressions and uniformly distributed, that is, at least one surface is a radiation surface 312, and this radiation surface 312 has a plurality of surface depressions. The evenly distributed pits 311 are formed. Through the evenly distributed pits 311, the 180-degree radiation on the original radiation surface 312 can be turned into a concentrated radiation or radiation with a certain direction that is strengthened in the normal direction, and its radiation coefficient can be improved.
凹坑311具有坑底311a、坑壁311b以及坑口311c。The pit 311 has a pit bottom 311a, a pit wall 311b, and a pit mouth 311c.
坑底311a设置在凹坑311凹陷的底端，坑壁311b为环绕坑底 311a并沿坑底311a向外，也即向上延伸形成，坑壁311b的顶端的 开口即为坑口311c。The pit bottom 311a is arranged at the bottom end of the depression of the pit 311, the pit wall 311b is formed to surround the pit bottom 311a and extend outward along the pit bottom 311a, that is, extend upward, and the opening at the top of the pit wall 311b is the pit mouth 311c.
本实施例中，每个凹坑311满足：D/R1≧1，In this embodiment, each pit 311 satisfies: D/R1≧1,
其中，D为一个凹坑311的深度，也即从坑底311a到坑口311c 的高度；Wherein, D is the depth of a pit 311, that is, the height from the pit bottom 311a to the pit mouth 311c;
R1为该凹坑311的坑口311c的半径，这里，这个半径为：能刚 好覆盖住该坑口311c时的圆的半径。也即用一个圆来覆盖这个坑口 311c，当刚好能覆盖住时的圆的半径，即视为这个凹坑311的半径 R1。R1 is the radius of the opening 311c of the pit 311, and here, this radius is the radius of a circle that can just cover the opening 311c. That is, a circle is used to cover the pit 311c, and the radius of the circle when it is just covered is regarded as the radius R1 of the pit 311.
当上述凹坑311满足D/R1≧1时，能提高红外辐射件300对红外 的辐射效果，特别是能大幅度提高波长范围为1.3um-9.7um的红外线 的辐射效果，同时，还能大大提高向外辐射的红外线的聚集效果，也 即能将向外辐射的方向，向一个方向聚拢辐射，从而能实现对接收辐 射目标物的定向辐射，这样避免了向不同方向发散辐射造成的不必要 的浪费，从而能减小红外辐射件300的整体尺寸，进而整体减小红外 发生器1的整体尺寸，并降低需要的辐射器的整体功率。When the above-mentioned pits 311 satisfy D/R1≧1, the infrared radiation effect of the infrared radiation element 300 can be improved, especially the infrared radiation effect with a wavelength range of 1.3um-9.7um can be greatly improved, and at the same time, the infrared radiation effect of the infrared radiation element 300 can be greatly improved. Improve the aggregation effect of the outwardly radiated infrared rays, that is, the direction of the outward radiation can be concentrated in one direction, so as to realize the directional radiation of the receiving radiation target, thus avoiding unnecessary radiation caused by divergent radiation in different directions. Therefore, the overall size of the infrared radiating member 300 can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall size of the infrared generator 1 as a whole, and reducing the required overall power of the radiator.
另外，本实施例中，两个相邻坑口311c之间的边线距离满足：L ≤R2/2，In addition, in this embodiment, the edge distance between two adjacent pit openings 311c satisfies: L ≤ R2/2,
其中，R2为所有坑口311c半径R1的平均值，Among them, R2 is the average value of the radius R1 of all pit openings 311c,
L为两个相邻坑口311c各自对应的圆的中心连线的距离再减去 这两个坑口311c各自的半径R1，中心连线距离也即为能分别刚好各 自覆盖住两个相邻凹坑311的坑口311c两个圆的中心之间的距离， 例如，两个相邻的凹坑311分别为凹坑a和凹坑b，能刚好覆盖住凹 坑a的圆为A，能刚好覆盖住凹坑b的圆为B，圆A和圆B各自的半 径分别为ra和rb，它们的中心之间的距离为LA-B，则上述 L＝LA-B-ra-rb。L is the distance between the center lines of the circles corresponding to the two adjacent pit openings 311c and then minus the respective radii R1 of the two pit openings 311c. The distance between the center lines can just cover two adjacent pits. The distance between the centers of the two circles of the pit 311c of 311, for example, two adjacent pits 311 are pit a and pit b, respectively, and the circle that can just cover the pit a is A, which can just cover the pit a. The circle of the pit b is B, the radii of the circles A and B are ra and rb respectively, and the distance between their centers is LA-B, then the above-mentioned L=LA-B-ra-rb.
本发明人发现，当两个相邻坑口311c之间的边线距离满足L≤ R2/2时，能进一步大大提高向外辐射红外的效率，只要能加工，而 且L越小L越小，辐射效率越高，方向性越集中。The inventors have found that when the edge distance between two adjacent pit openings 311c satisfies L≤R2/2, the efficiency of radiating infrared to the outside can be further greatly improved. As long as it can be processed, and the smaller the L, the smaller the L, and the radiation efficiency The higher it is, the more concentrated the directionality is.
本发明人还发现，当D/R2和R2/L都取较大的数值时，即此时坑 比较深，且未被坑覆盖的平面，也即坑与坑之间的间隙面积较小时， 在凹坑内产生的辐射红外线，必须通过坑口才能发射出来，这样，坑 口半径R2及坑的深度D配合，将对辐射方向产生限制，可以得到在 辐射面法向上的较尖锐的能量分布。当D/R2取较大且可加工可实施 的值时，且R/L取较大的数值且可加工时，可以使得本发明的红外辐 射源的红外法向辐射系数接近理论极限1。The inventor also found that when D/R2 and R2/L both take larger values, that is, when the pit is relatively deep, and the plane not covered by the pit, that is, when the gap area between the pit and the pit is small, The infrared radiation generated in the pit can only be emitted through the pit opening. In this way, the combination of the pit radius R2 and the depth D of the pit will limit the radiation direction, and a sharper energy distribution in the normal direction of the radiation surface can be obtained. When D/R2 takes a large value and can be processed and can be implemented, and R/L takes a large value and can be processed, the infrared normal emissivity of the infrared radiation source of the present invention can be made close to the theoretical limit 1.
“当D/R2取较大且可加工可实施的值时，且R/L取较大的数值 且可加工时”具体解释是：即相当于L接近0时，即几乎没有未做坑 结构的表面，所有的辐射能量都只能从坑口内部射出，由于坑及坑内 涂敷的辐射增强材料的联合作用，此时未被坑口结构限制方向的能量 占比很小。若此时D/R达到一定程度的时候，即坑比较深且坑口比较 小，此时辐射面对1.3-9.7um的反射系数将逼近0，根据辐射系数＝1- 反射系数，此时辐射系数将逼近1。"When D/R2 takes a large value and can be processed and can be processed, and R/L takes a large value and can be processed" The specific explanation is: that is, when L is close to 0, that is, there is almost no unmade pit structure. On the surface of the pit, all the radiation energy can only be emitted from the inside of the pit. Due to the combined effect of the pit and the radiation-enhancing material coated in the pit, the proportion of energy in the direction not restricted by the pit structure is very small. If the D/R reaches a certain level at this time, that is, the pit is relatively deep and the pit opening is relatively small, the reflection coefficient of the radiation face 1.3-9.7um will be close to 0, according to the radiation coefficient = 1- reflection coefficient, the radiation coefficient at this time will approach 1.
另外，为了能进一步提高向外辐射红外线的效率，本实施例中， 对各个凹坑311的坑口的尺寸，也即能刚好覆盖住该坑口时的圆的直 径2R，提出了限制，具体为：相对于辐射面312的边长中最长边长 的尺寸，当该最长边长的尺寸大于10mm时，坑口的尺寸优先地小于 等于该最长边长尺寸的10％，当该最长边长的尺寸小于10mm的，优 选地坑口的尺寸小于等该最长边长的尺寸的于30％。该限制范围， 能最大地提高辐射面312的向外辐射红外的效率。In addition, in order to further improve the efficiency of radiating infrared rays to the outside, in the present embodiment, the size of the pit opening of each pit 311, that is, the diameter 2R of the circle when it can just cover the pit opening, is limited, specifically: Relative to the size of the longest side of the side lengths of the radiating surface 312, when the size of the longest side is greater than 10 mm, the size of the pit is preferably less than or equal to 10% of the size of the longest side, and when the size of the longest side is greater than 10mm For those with a length of less than 10 mm, preferably the size of the pit is less than 30% of the size of the longest side. The limited range can maximize the efficiency of the radiation surface 312 for radiating infrared to the outside.
另外，坑底311a的尺寸可以大于坑口311c的尺寸，此时最有利 于对辐射的红外的定向性；坑底311a的尺寸也可以小于坑口311c的 尺寸，此时生产工艺相对简单，生产成本较低。同样地，这里的坑底 311a的尺寸为能刚好覆盖住该坑底时的圆的直径，坑口311c的尺寸 为能刚好覆盖住该坑口时的圆的直径。In addition, the size of the pit bottom 311a can be larger than the size of the pit mouth 311c, which is most conducive to the directivity of the infrared radiation; the size of the pit bottom 311a can also be smaller than the size of the pit mouth 311c, at this time, the production process is relatively simple and the production cost is relatively high. Low. Likewise, the size of the pit bottom 311a here is the diameter of the circle that just covers the pit bottom, and the size of the pit 311c is the diameter of the circle that just covers the pit.
另外，坑口311c的形状可以圆形或多边形等任意的形状，但优 选地，为三角形四边形、五边形以及六边形中的任意一种或多种组合， 对红外辐射的集拢效果更好，特别是为正六边形时，能更好地控制红 外辐射的定向性,且方便加工。In addition, the shape of the hole 311c can be any shape such as a circle or a polygon, but preferably, it is any one or a combination of a triangular quadrilateral, a pentagon and a hexagon, which has a better effect of collecting infrared radiation. , especially when it is a regular hexagon, it can better control the directionality of infrared radiation and facilitate processing.
另外，当制备辐射本体310的材料中含有三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、 氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化锆、堇青石以及莫来石中的一种或多种，能提 高电热转换效率，而且由于含有这些的材料发热时耗散率低，所以能 大大提高辐射本体的使用寿命。为了能达到类似的效果，制备辐射本 体310的材料可以为陶瓷材料。In addition, when the material for preparing the radiation body 310 contains one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia, cordierite and mullite, the electrothermal conversion efficiency can be improved, Moreover, due to the low dissipation rate of the materials containing these materials, the service life of the radiating body can be greatly improved. In order to achieve a similar effect, the material for preparing the radiation body 310 can be a ceramic material.
另外，辐射面312上覆盖有含有有助提高红外辐射率的材料的辐 射层，其中，辐射层的材料优选地，为石墨烯、三氧化二铝、二氧化 硅、氮化铝、碳化硅、氧化锆、堇青石以及莫来石、铁及其化合物、 锰及其化合物以及稀土及其化合物中的一种或两种，这些材料能通过 改变辐射面312的灰度，从而提高红外辐射率。In addition, the radiation surface 312 is covered with a radiation layer containing a material that helps to improve the infrared emissivity, wherein the material of the radiation layer is preferably graphene, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, One or two of zirconia, cordierite and mullite, iron and its compounds, manganese and its compounds, and rare earth and its compounds, these materials can improve the infrared radiation rate by changing the grayscale of the radiation surface 312 .
另外，所有凹坑311以外的辐射面上，也即各个凹坑311之间间 隔的间隙上，镀上含有金属的金属反光层，该金属反光层的粗糙度小 于等于1.6。此时，此时，该金属反光层中的金属优选地为镍、铬、 钛、铝、铜、银以及金中的任意一种或多种。In addition, all the radiation surfaces other than the pits 311, that is, the gaps between the pits 311, are coated with a metal reflective layer containing metal, and the roughness of the metal reflective layer is less than or equal to 1.6. At this time, the metal in the metal reflective layer is preferably any one or more of nickel, chromium, titanium, aluminum, copper, silver and gold.
另外，为了能进一步加强对红外辐射的定向性，辐射本体310的 至少一个表面为光滑的光滑面313，也即不设置任何凹坑，而且，最 佳地，让该光滑面313的粗糙度小于等于1.6，这样能让辐射本体310 向外辐射红外线的能力降低，即灰度减小，减少能量从该光滑面313 散发出来，从而提高了红外从辐射面312进行辐射的定向性。In addition, in order to further enhance the directivity of infrared radiation, at least one surface of the radiation body 310 is a smooth smooth surface 313, that is, without any pits, and, optimally, the roughness of the smooth surface 313 is less than It is equal to 1.6, which can reduce the ability of the radiation body 310 to radiate infrared rays, that is, the gray scale is reduced, and the energy emitted from the smooth surface 313 is reduced, thereby improving the directivity of infrared radiation from the radiation surface 312 .
或者，通过在光滑面313上也镀上含有金属的金属反光层，且该 金属反光层的粗糙度也小于等于1.6，也能达到同样地定向效果，此 时光滑面313的粗糙度可以不考虑。此时，金属反光层中的金属也优 选地为镍、铬、钛、铝、铜、银以及金中的任意一种或多种。Alternatively, a metal reflective layer containing metal is also plated on the smooth surface 313, and the roughness of the metal reflective layer is also less than or equal to 1.6, and the same orientation effect can also be achieved. At this time, the roughness of the smooth surface 313 can be ignored. . At this time, the metal in the metal reflective layer is also preferably any one or more of nickel, chromium, titanium, aluminum, copper, silver and gold.
也或者，可以在光滑面313上覆盖含有隔热材料的隔热层，通过 隔热材料进行隔热，使得加热产生的热量，少从光滑面313散发出去， 从而能让能量主要从辐射面312发射，进而提高了***的辐射面312 进行辐射的定向的红外线辐射效率。Alternatively, the smooth surface 313 can be covered with a heat insulating layer containing heat insulating material, and the heat insulating material can be used for heat insulation, so that the heat generated by heating is less radiated from the smooth surface 313, so that the energy can be mainly emitted from the radiating surface 312. emission, thereby improving the directional infrared radiation efficiency of the radiation surface 312 of the system.
隔热材料为纳米空心陶瓷管、毛细空心陶瓷管、纳米空心陶瓷球、 毛细空心陶瓷球、纳米空心碳素管、毛细空心碳素管、纳米空心硅素 管、毛细空心硅素管、气凝胶、耐高温且热导率大于3W/(m.K)的塑 料材料中的一种或几种，而气凝胶为纳米空心陶瓷管、毛细空心陶瓷 管、纳米空心陶瓷球、毛细空心陶瓷球、纳米空心碳素管、毛细空心 碳素管、纳米空心硅素管、毛细空心硅素管中的任意一种或几种制成。Insulation materials are nano hollow ceramic tubes, capillary hollow ceramic tubes, nano hollow ceramic balls, capillary hollow ceramic balls, nano hollow carbon tubes, capillary hollow carbon tubes, nano hollow silicon tubes, capillary hollow silicon tubes, aerogels, One or more of plastic materials with high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity greater than 3W/(m.K), and aerogels are nano hollow ceramic tubes, capillary hollow ceramic tubes, nano hollow ceramic balls, capillary hollow ceramic balls, nano hollow ceramic balls Any one or several of carbon tubes, capillary hollow carbon tubes, nanometer hollow silicon tubes, and capillary hollow silicon tubes are made.
其中，耐高温且热导率大于3W/(m.K)的塑料材料的热导率的单 位W/(m.K)，即为瓦/(米.开)。Among them, the unit of thermal conductivity of plastic materials with high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity greater than 3W/(m.K) is W/(m.K), which is watt/(m.Kelvin).
为了能达到更好的效果，还可以在隔热层的外表面也镀上上述的 金属反光层，用于降低隔热层外表面的红外辐射灰度，以降低隔热层 的表面辐射系数或能力，减少隔热层外表面辐射出的红外线能量。这 样，通过金属反光层，又将能够使得通过隔热层将温度极大降低的光 滑面312的红外辐射系数由通常的0.6-0.8，直接降低到0.1-0.15， 进一步的降低了光滑面312的红外辐射能量损失，从而极大的提高了 ***的定向的红外线辐射效率.In order to achieve a better effect, the above-mentioned metal reflective layer can also be plated on the outer surface of the heat insulation layer to reduce the infrared radiation grayscale of the outer surface of the heat insulation layer, so as to reduce the surface emissivity of the heat insulation layer or ability to reduce the infrared energy radiated from the outer surface of the insulation. In this way, through the metal reflective layer, the infrared radiation coefficient of the smooth surface 312 whose temperature is greatly reduced by the heat insulation layer can be directly reduced from the usual 0.6-0.8 to 0.1-0.15, which further reduces the smooth surface 312. Infrared radiation energy loss, thus greatly improving the directional infrared radiation efficiency of the system.
两个内部电极400，分别与两个外部电极200分别对应，每个内 部电极400的一端与相应的外部电极200的另一端电连接，且内部电 极的另一端与红外辐射件300电连接，以给红外辐射件300通电加热。The two inner electrodes 400 correspond to the two outer electrodes 200 respectively, one end of each inner electrode 400 is electrically connected to the other end of the corresponding outer electrode 200, and the other end of the inner electrode is electrically connected to the infrared radiation member 300, so as to The infrared radiation element 300 is energized and heated.
图4为实施例中涉及的内部电极的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal electrodes involved in the embodiment.
由于与内部电极400电连接的外部电极200设置在封口端130 处，所以本实施例中，如图4所示，内部电极400为截面积尺寸小的 细长结构，优选为契形：该形状能减少传导热损失，从而增加热传导 路径的热阻，进而减少整个红外发生器1的传导能量损耗，提高红外 辐射的效率；且在红外辐射件100工作时，高温产生的机械形变将不 会对石英容器100的封口端130形成很大的应力，从而避免损坏石英 容器1，进而能保证石英容器100内的真空度。Since the external electrode 200 electrically connected to the internal electrode 400 is disposed at the sealing end 130, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. It can reduce the loss of conduction heat, thereby increasing the thermal resistance of the heat conduction path, thereby reducing the conduction energy loss of the entire infrared generator 1, and improving the efficiency of infrared radiation; and when the infrared radiating element 100 is working, the mechanical deformation caused by high temperature will not affect it. The sealed end 130 of the quartz container 100 forms a large stress, so as to avoid damage to the quartz container 1 , thereby ensuring the vacuum degree in the quartz container 100 .
另外，内部电极400的材质一般优选钼材质，且通常采用钼片。In addition, the material of the internal electrode 400 is generally preferably a molybdenum material, and a molybdenum sheet is usually used.
另外，本实施例中，辐射本体310为板式，辐射本体310的正面 为辐射面312，与该正面对应的背面以及四个侧面为光滑面313。此 时，辐射本体的两端的两个侧面，分别与相应的两个内部电极400分 别电连接，此时的该两个侧面也可叫电极面。本实施例中，由于电极 面与内部电极400连接，所以不对为电极面的光滑面313进行上述的 镀上含有金属的金属反光层。In addition, in this embodiment, the radiation body 310 is a plate type, the front surface of the radiation body 310 is the radiation surface 312, the back surface corresponding to the front surface and the four side surfaces are smooth surfaces 313. At this time, the two side surfaces of the two ends of the radiation body are respectively electrically connected to the corresponding two internal electrodes 400, and the two side surfaces at this time can also be called electrode surfaces. In this embodiment, since the electrode surface is connected to the internal electrode 400, the smooth surface 313, which is the electrode surface, is not plated with the above-mentioned metal reflective layer containing metal.
红外反射件500安装在石英容器100的内部空腔110中，且位于 辐射本体310的背面的光滑面313的一侧，并能完全遮盖该光滑面 313。本实施例中，红外反射件500套在红外辐射件300的光滑面313 上，然后再一起封装在石英容器100的内部空腔110中。并且，该红外反射件500对波长范围为1.3um-9.7um的红外线的反射系数大于等 于0.7。这样，通过红外反射件500的反射，能将从辐射本体310的 背面的光滑面313辐射出的红外线再次反射回去，从而能进一步提高 红外线向外辐射的定向性。该红外反射件采用高纯铝、高纯铜、高纯铁、不锈钢以及耐高温塑料材质中的一种或多种制备而成。The infrared reflector 500 is installed in the inner cavity 110 of the quartz container 100, and is located on one side of the smooth surface 313 on the back of the radiation body 310, and can completely cover the smooth surface 313. In this embodiment, the infrared reflecting member 500 is sheathed on the smooth surface 313 of the infrared radiation member 300 , and then packaged together in the inner cavity 110 of the quartz container 100 . Moreover, the reflection coefficient of the infrared reflector 500 to infrared rays with a wavelength range of 1.3um-9.7um is greater than or equal to 0.7. In this way, through the reflection of the infrared reflector 500, the infrared rays radiated from the smooth surface 313 of the back surface of the radiation body 310 can be reflected back again, thereby further improving the directivity of the infrared radiation to the outside. The infrared reflector is made of one or more of high-purity aluminum, high-purity copper, high-purity iron, stainless steel and high-temperature-resistant plastic materials.
另外，由于红外辐射件300有一定的质量，该质量若直接加载在 的内部电极400，将损伤和塌陷内部电极400，从而造成短路或者红 外辐射件300偏移位置，也不利于产品运输和使用。所以本实施例中， 红外辐射件300分别通过两个支撑件320支撑固定在石英容器100的 设置两个外部电极200的两个端面上，本实施例中该两个端面也即两 个封口端130，同时，红外反射件500也是通过两个支撑件320做支 撑固定。这样，两个支撑件320能够在对红外辐射件300以及红外反 射件500起到支撑作用，防止它们偏移位置并与内部空腔110表面接 触。In addition, since the infrared radiating member 300 has a certain mass, if the mass is directly loaded on the internal electrode 400, the internal electrode 400 will be damaged and collapsed, thereby causing a short circuit or the offset position of the infrared radiating member 300, which is also unfavorable for product transportation and use. . Therefore, in this embodiment, the infrared radiating member 300 is supported and fixed on the two end faces of the quartz container 100 on which the two external electrodes 200 are provided through the two supporting members 320 respectively. In this embodiment, the two end faces are also the two sealing ends. 130, and at the same time, the infrared reflecting member 500 is also supported and fixed by the two supporting members 320. In this way, the two support members 320 can play a supporting role for the infrared radiation member 300 and the infrared reflection member 500, preventing them from shifting positions and contacting the surface of the inner cavity 110.
图5为实施例中涉及的红外辐射件的支撑件的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the support member of the infrared radiation member involved in the embodiment.
并且，本实施例中，支撑件320为弯曲条状，也即被弯曲呈类似 于弹簧片的弯曲结构，这个弯曲结构可以吸收红外辐射件300工作时 高温对各部件产生的热膨胀直接对石英容器100的封口端130造成的 应力，也能吸收运输过程中对红外辐射件300和红外反射件500的振 动冲击。In addition, in this embodiment, the support member 320 is in the shape of a curved strip, that is, it is bent into a curved structure similar to a spring leaf. This curved structure can absorb the thermal expansion of the components caused by the high temperature of the infrared radiation member 300 when the infrared radiation member 300 is working. The stress caused by the sealing end 130 of the 100 can also absorb the vibration and impact on the infrared radiation part 300 and the infrared reflection part 500 during transportation.
另外，本实施例中，红外反射件500为半圆形形状，且紧靠内部 空腔110，这样，在较大振动振幅过程中，能确保该红外反射件500 与内部空腔110呈较大面接触，有利于保护内部空腔110受到较小的 压强冲击而不被破坏。此外，由于红外反射件500紧靠内部空腔110， 所以在将红外辐射件300和红外反射件500一起被安装进内部空腔 110时，能够起到一定的定位和支撑作用。In addition, in this embodiment, the infrared reflector 500 is in a semi-circular shape and is close to the inner cavity 110, so that in the process of a large vibration amplitude, the infrared reflector 500 and the inner cavity 110 can be ensured to be relatively large. The surface contact is beneficial to protect the inner cavity 110 from being damaged by a small pressure impact. In addition, since the infrared reflecting member 500 is close to the inner cavity 110, when the infrared radiation member 300 and the infrared reflecting member 500 are installed into the inner cavity 110 together, they can play a certain role of positioning and supporting.
红外反射件500的厚度范围为小于等于2mm，这样是由于，小于 等于2mm，越小越能降低红外反射件500的热容，而超过2mm后，质 量过重，会对支撑件320及其他支撑结构造成压力。另外，优选地， 该厚度范围为0.4-2mm，是因为这个红外反射件500还能对对红外 辐射件300起支撑保护作用，所以也是需要一定的机械强度的，所以 厚度最好能大于0.4mm。The thickness range of the infrared reflector 500 is less than or equal to 2mm. This is because the thickness of the infrared reflector 500 is less than or equal to 2mm. The smaller the thickness, the lower the heat capacity of the infrared reflector 500. When the thickness exceeds 2mm, the weight is too heavy, which will affect the support 320 and other supports. Structure creates stress. In addition, preferably, the thickness is in the range of 0.4-2mm, because the infrared reflection member 500 can also support and protect the infrared radiation member 300, so it also needs a certain mechanical strength, so the thickness is preferably greater than 0.4mm .
另外，为了让红外反射件500对1.3um-9.7um的红外线有较强的 反射特性，同时而且还能将吸收的那部分能量变成材料的本征辐射而 被辐射出去，可以如下：在红外反射件500的内表面或外表面，或者 同时在其内表面和外表面上，镀膜铜、铬、钛、铝、银以及金中的一 种；或者，在红外反射件的内表面或外表面，或者同时在其内表面和 外表面上，涂敷氧化铟、氧化锡以及氧化镝中的任意一种的纳米薄层 (纳米薄膜即指指由尺寸为纳米数量级(1-100nm)的组元镶嵌于基体 所形成的薄膜材料，它兼具传统复合材料和现代纳米材料二者的优越 性)。In addition, in order to make the infrared reflector 500 have strong reflection characteristics for 1.3um-9.7um infrared rays, and at the same time, it can also convert the absorbed part of the energy into the intrinsic radiation of the material and be radiated out, as follows: In the infrared The inner surface or the outer surface of the reflector 500, or both the inner surface and the outer surface thereof, are coated with one of copper, chromium, titanium, aluminum, silver and gold; or, on the inner surface or the outer surface of the infrared reflector , or at the same time on its inner surface and outer surface, a nano-thin layer of any one of indium oxide, tin oxide and dysprosium oxide (nano-thin film refers to a component with a size of nanometer order of magnitude (1-100nm) The thin film material formed by inlaying in the matrix has the advantages of both traditional composite materials and modern nanomaterials).
这里的本征辐射，就是物体达到一定的温度，在此温度下会发出 的红外辐射，所以通过对红外反射件500的上述镀膜或者涂覆，能够 降低反射件500上的辐射能量强度，进一步优化辐射面的辐射效率及 其定向辐射性能。The intrinsic radiation here is the infrared radiation emitted when the object reaches a certain temperature. Therefore, by coating or coating the infrared reflector 500 above, the radiation energy intensity on the reflector 500 can be reduced and further optimized. Radiation efficiency of the radiating surface and its directional radiation performance.
另外，石英容器100正对光滑面313的内表面，也即内部空腔 110正对光滑面313的内表面上，覆盖有红外反射层140，该红外反 射层140对波长范围为1.3um-9.7um的红外线的反射系数大于等于 0.7，这样，进一步将可能从内部辐射出来的红外线反射回去，从而进一步提高了红外辐射的定向性。In addition, the inner surface of the quartz container 100 facing the smooth surface 313, that is, the inner surface of the inner cavity 110 facing the smooth surface 313, is covered with an infrared reflection layer 140, and the infrared reflection layer 140 has a wavelength range of 1.3um-9.7 The reflection coefficient of infrared rays of um is greater than or equal to 0.7, so that the infrared rays that may be radiated from the interior are further reflected back, thereby further improving the directivity of infrared radiation.
另外，红外反射层140的材质为镍、铬、钛、铝、铜、银以及陶瓷中 的一种或多种。In addition, the material of the infrared reflection layer 140 is one or more of nickel, chromium, titanium, aluminum, copper, silver and ceramics.
另外，为了能在使用中保证内腔空腔110的真空度要求，制备 石英容器100的石英中，其含有的杂质含量小于等于30×10-6mg/g， 这样才能保证使用时，最大程度地能避免高温下挥发物挥发过多而导 致内部空腔110的真空度下降。In addition, in order to ensure the vacuum degree requirement of the inner cavity cavity 110 during use, the content of impurities contained in the quartz for preparing the quartz container 100 is less than or equal to 30×10 -6 mg/g, so as to ensure that the maximum degree of The ground can prevent the vacuum degree of the inner cavity 110 from being reduced due to excessive volatilization of volatiles at high temperature.
另外，制备石英容器100的石英中，其含有的羟基的浓度也要求 低于50μg/g(根据GB/T 12442-1990检测)，这样能最大地提高红 外线的透过率，从而提升从辐射面312辐射的红外线在石英腔内的透 过率。In addition, the concentration of hydroxyl groups contained in the quartz for preparing the quartz container 100 is also required to be lower than 50 μg/g (tested according to GB/T 12442-1990), which can maximize the transmittance of infrared rays, thereby improving the radiation from the radiation surface. 312 The transmittance of infrared rays radiated in the quartz cavity.
工作过程：work process:
以下具体说明本发明提供的红外发生器1的工作过程。The working process of the infrared generator 1 provided by the present invention will be specifically described below.
首先，外部电流通过外部电极200，流经内部电极400，以给红 外辐射件300通电加热，从而将电能转换成热能，驱动辐射本体310 温度上升至400-1300K(开尔文温度)。First, an external current passes through the external electrode 200 and flows through the internal electrode 400 to energize and heat the infrared radiation element 300, thereby converting electrical energy into heat energy, and driving the temperature of the radiation body 310 to rise to 400-1300K (Kelvin temperature).
然后，热能传递到辐射本体310的各个表面，之后如下：The thermal energy is then transferred to the various surfaces of the radiant body 310, after which:
在辐射面312上，通过均匀布置的多个凹坑311和覆盖的辐射层 的作用，提升其辐射面312的红外辐射系数至0.96-0.98，所以传向 辐射面312的能量被变成波长在1.3um-9.7um的红外线，并且通过凹 坑311的作用，提升了辐射面312辐射方向的定向性；On the radiation surface 312, through the effect of the uniformly arranged multiple pits 311 and the covering radiation layer, the infrared emissivity of the radiation surface 312 is increased to 0.96-0.98, so the energy transmitted to the radiation surface 312 is converted into a wavelength of 1.3um-9.7um infrared rays, and through the function of the pits 311, the directivity of the radiation direction of the radiation surface 312 is improved;
对于光滑面313(本实施例中不包括作为电极面的光滑面)，若 表面镀有上述的金属反光层而得到的光滑光亮的表面，或者为粗糙度 能小于等于1.6的光滑光亮的表面，则热量也将达到此处，且其温度 虽然与辐射面312几乎相等，但由于其表面的光滑光亮，会使得该光 滑面313上的红外辐射系数降低到0.1-0.15左右，大大降低了从光 滑面313上辐射出去的红外能量，从而使更多的能量主要从辐射面 312发射出去，从而提高了整个红外辐射源的辐射效率，也即提高了 辐射的定向性；For the smooth surface 313 (the smooth surface as the electrode surface is not included in this embodiment), if the surface is coated with the above-mentioned metal reflective layer and obtains a smooth and bright surface, or a smooth and bright surface with a roughness of less than or equal to 1.6, The heat will also reach here, and although its temperature is almost equal to that of the radiating surface 312, due to its smooth and bright surface, the infrared emissivity on the smooth surface 313 will be reduced to about 0.1-0.15, which greatly reduces the temperature from the smooth surface 313. The infrared energy radiated from the surface 313, so that more energy is mainly emitted from the radiation surface 312, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the entire infrared radiation source, that is, improving the directionality of radiation;
对于光滑面313，若光滑面313上覆盖隔热层，则很少热量能达 到此处，且其温度比辐射面312大大降低，所以从光滑面313上辐射 出去的红外能量将会极大的减少，这使更多的能量只能从辐射面312 发射出去，从而提高了整个红外辐射源的辐射效率，也提高了辐射的 定向性；For the smooth surface 313, if the smooth surface 313 is covered with an insulating layer, little heat can reach it, and its temperature is much lower than that of the radiating surface 312, so the infrared energy radiated from the smooth surface 313 will be extremely large. reduce, so that more energy can only be emitted from the radiation surface 312, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the entire infrared radiation source, and also improving the directionality of radiation;
对于光滑面313(本实施例中不包括作为电极面的光滑面)，若 覆盖隔热层并在该隔热层上面镀上上述的金属反光层，则一方面通过 隔热层降低该光滑面313上的温度大大的降低了从该光滑面313红外 辐射能量密度，另一方面，通过金属反光层，又将能够使得通过隔热 层使得温度极大降低的光滑面313的红外辐射系数由通常的 0.6-0.8，直接降低到0.1-0.15，从而进一步的降低了光滑面313的 红外辐射能量损失，从而极大的提高了***的定向的红外线辐射效 率。For the smooth surface 313 (the smooth surface as the electrode surface is not included in this embodiment), if the heat insulating layer is covered and the above-mentioned metal reflective layer is plated on the heat insulating layer, on the one hand, the smooth surface is reduced by the heat insulating layer. The temperature on 313 greatly reduces the energy density of infrared radiation from the smooth surface 313. On the other hand, through the metal reflective layer, the infrared radiation coefficient of the smooth surface 313 whose temperature is greatly reduced by the heat insulation layer will be changed from the usual 0.6-0.8, directly reduced to 0.1-0.15, thereby further reducing the infrared radiation energy loss of the smooth surface 313, thereby greatly improving the directional infrared radiation efficiency of the system.
然后，从光滑面313，特别是背面的光滑面313还是会辐射出一 部分红外线能量。此时，当从背面的光滑面313射出来的红外线在向 外辐射的过程中，大部分能量将不可避免的遇到在辐射本体310背面 一侧的红外反射件500。此时红外反射件500再次将70 85％以上的准 备逃逸红外线再次反射到辐射本体310上面，使其继续发热。当然一 部分能量将会再次的反射回红外反射件500，并继续被红外反射件 500反射回辐射本体310上。如此反复，这样下来，准备逃逸的红外 线能量将只有一小部分能够在红外反射件500上变成热量加热红外 反射件500，所以红外反射件500上面的温度相比于光滑面313的表 面温度将进一步降低很多，比如，光滑面313的表面温度是600度， 而红外反射件500上面的温度可以降低到200度。加热红外反射件 500的能量，一部分将通过该红外反射件500的内表面形成红外辐射， 返回到红外辐射件300上对其进行加热，而另一部分能量将会在红外 反射件500的外表面对外辐射。此时，由于红外反射件500上面的温 度已经大大的低于辐射本体310的光滑面313，所以红外反射件500 的红外辐射功率密度会很小，而且，红外反射件500外表面也是对波 长范围为1.3um-9.7um的红外线有较强的反射特性，所以红外反射件500外表面红外辐射能力非常弱，这样又进一步的降低了红外反射件 500外表面的红外辐射能量及其能量占比。Then, a part of the infrared energy is still radiated from the smooth surface 313, especially the smooth surface 313 on the back. At this time, when the infrared rays emitted from the smooth surface 313 on the back side are radiating outward, most of the energy will inevitably encounter the infrared reflector 500 on the back side of the radiation body 310. At this time, the infrared reflector 500 again reflects more than 70.85% of the infrared rays that are ready to escape to the radiation body 310 again, so that it continues to generate heat. Of course, a part of the energy will be reflected back to the infrared reflector 500 again, and will continue to be reflected back to the radiation body 310 by the infrared reflector 500. Repeatedly, in this way, only a small part of the infrared energy that is ready to escape will be able to turn into heat on the infrared reflector 500 to heat the infrared reflector 500, so the temperature on the infrared reflector 500 will be compared to the surface temperature of the smooth surface 313. It can be further reduced, for example, the surface temperature of the smooth surface 313 is 600 degrees, while the temperature on the infrared reflecting member 500 can be reduced to 200 degrees. A part of the energy to heat the infrared reflector 500 will pass through the inner surface of the infrared reflector 500 to form infrared radiation and return to the infrared radiation part 300 to heat it, while the other part of the energy will pass through the outer surface of the infrared reflector 500 to the outside radiation. At this time, since the temperature on the infrared reflector 500 is much lower than the smooth surface 313 of the radiation body 310, the infrared radiation power density of the infrared reflector 500 will be very small, and the outer surface of the infrared reflector 500 is also suitable for the wavelength range. The infrared rays of 1.3um-9.7um have strong reflection characteristics, so the infrared radiation capability of the outer surface of the infrared reflector 500 is very weak, which further reduces the infrared radiation energy and its energy ratio on the outer surface of the infrared reflector 500 .
通过红外反射件500向外辐射的红外线，将在石英容器100内表 面红外反射层140，大部分再次被反射回红外反射件500，对其加热， 加热后的能量一部分通过红外反射件500的内表面辐射到红外辐射 件300上对其进行加热，大部分能量继续通过辐射面312进行辐射， 这样又进一步的降低了从红外反射层140外表面的红外辐射能量及 其能量占比，从而降低辐射管向后的辐射能力，使得更多的能量只能 通过辐射面312进行辐射，增加了辐射的定向能力。Most of the infrared rays radiated by the infrared reflecting member 500 will be reflected back to the infrared reflecting member 500 on the inner surface of the quartz container 100 by the infrared reflecting layer 140 . The surface is radiated to the infrared radiation member 300 to heat it, and most of the energy continues to be radiated through the radiation surface 312, which further reduces the infrared radiation energy and its energy ratio from the outer surface of the infrared reflection layer 140, thereby reducing the radiation The backward radiation capability of the tube enables more energy to be radiated only through the radiation surface 312, which increases the directional capability of radiation.
由此，通过上述的过程，可以使通常的热致辐射的方向性由红外 辐射件300正反两面的全周辐射(即通常所说的360度辐射)变成单 面辐射(即通常所说的180度方向辐射)，就是红外线大部分主要从 辐射本体310的正面，也即辐射面312射出来，而背面的光滑面313 的方向几乎很少红外能量能够出来。Therefore, through the above-mentioned process, the directionality of the usual thermal radiation can be changed from the full circumference radiation on the front and back sides of the infrared radiating element 300 (that is, the so-called 360-degree radiation) to the single-sided radiation (that is, the so-called 360-degree radiation). 180 degree direction radiation), that is, most of the infrared rays are mainly emitted from the front side of the radiation body 310, that is, the radiation surface 312, and the direction of the smooth surface 313 on the back side is very little infrared energy can come out.
图6为实施例涉及的红外发生器一种工况下的红外辐射能谱曲 线。Fig. 6 is the infrared radiation energy spectrum curve of the infrared generator involved in the embodiment under one working condition.
从图6中可以看出，实施例提供的红外发生器1在一种工况下， 红外辐射能谱曲线很接近于黑体的辐射曲线，可见，本专利对辐射面 的处理措施，极大地提高了辐射面的红外辐射灰度，提高了该面上的 红外辐射的能力。It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the infrared radiation energy spectrum curve of the infrared generator 1 provided by the embodiment is very close to the radiation curve of a black body under one working condition. It can be seen that the treatment measures for the radiation surface in this patent greatly improve the The infrared radiation grayscale of the radiation surface is improved, and the infrared radiation capability of the surface is improved.
变形例Variation
本变形例为实施例管状的一种变形。This modification is a modification of the tubular shape of the embodiment.
本变形例中，与实施例一样相同的结构采用相同的图号并省略相 同的说明。In this modification, the same reference numerals are used for the same structures as in the embodiment, and the same descriptions are omitted.
图7为变形例涉及的红外发生器的结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared generator involved in a modification;
图8为变形例涉及的红外发生器的***分解图；8 is an exploded exploded view of the infrared generator involved in the modification;
图9为变形例涉及的红外发生器的剖视图。9 is a cross-sectional view of an infrared generator according to a modification.
如图7-图9所示，本变形例提供的红外发生器2包括：石英容 器2100、外部电极2200、红外辐射件2300、内部电极2400以及红 外反射件2500。As shown in FIGS. 7-9 , the infrared generator 2 provided by this modification includes: a quartz container 2100 , an external electrode 2200 , an infrared radiating member 2300 , an internal electrode 2400 and an infrared reflecting member 2500 .
本变形例中，红外辐射件2300、石英容器2100以及红外反射件 2500与变形例的结构、设置方式以及材质等都一样，各个部件包括 的部分以及依次排布方式也与实施例中的一样，并且石英容器2100 与实施例中的材质和设置方式一样，在其内部空腔2110正对光滑面 2313的内表面上，也覆盖有红外反射层2140。In this modification, the structure, arrangement and material of the infrared radiating member 2300 , the quartz container 2100 and the infrared reflecting member 2500 are the same as those in the modification, and the parts included and the orderly arrangement of each component are also the same as in the embodiment. In addition, the quartz container 2100 is made of the same material and arrangement as in the embodiment, and the inner surface of the inner cavity 2110 facing the smooth surface 2313 is also covered with an infrared reflection layer 2140 .
与实施例的不同之处在于，本变形例的石英容器2100的外形为 灯泡状，而整个红外发生器2也为灯泡状，由此造成本变形例的石英 容器2100只在一端形成封口端2130，所以排气管2120也在该封口 端，而两个外部电极2200和两个内部电极2400都在该封口端。本变 形例中，内部电极中的2420通过焊接，与外部电极中的2210(火线) 粘接在一起，并保持电连接，内部电极中的2410通过焊接，与外部 电极2220(零线)粘接在一起，并保持电连接。由此形成的电流走 向如图9中箭头方向所示。The difference from the embodiment is that the outer shape of the quartz container 2100 of this modification is bulb-shaped, and the entire infrared generator 2 is also bulb-shaped, so that the quartz container 2100 of this modification only has a sealed end 2130 at one end. , so the exhaust pipe 2120 is also at the sealed end, and the two outer electrodes 2200 and the two inner electrodes 2400 are both at the sealed end. In this modification, the 2420 in the inner electrode is bonded to the 2210 (live wire) in the outer electrode by welding, and the electrical connection is maintained, and the 2410 in the inner electrode is bonded with the outer electrode 2220 (neutral wire) by welding together and remain electrically connected. The resulting current flows as indicated by the arrows in Figure 9 .
另外，本变形例中，在外部电极2210的端部设置绝缘部分2230， 由此将火线和零线之间保持绝缘，同时这部分固化后有粘接作用，可 以将外部电极2210、内部电极2410、排气管2120、内部电极2420、 外部电极2220都粘接在一起，并和石英容器2100的封口端2130粘 合在一起固定。In addition, in this modification, an insulating portion 2230 is provided at the end of the external electrode 2210, thereby maintaining insulation between the live wire and the neutral wire, and at the same time, this part has a bonding effect after curing, and the external electrode 2210 and the internal electrode 2410 can be separated. , the exhaust pipe 2120 , the inner electrode 2420 , and the outer electrode 2220 are all glued together, and are glued together with the sealing end 2130 of the quartz container 2100 to be fixed together.
实施例作用与效果Example function and effect
本实施例和变形例分别提供的红外辐射件和红外发生器，各自其 中的用于通过加热而向外辐射产生的红外线的红外辐射件都包括辐 射本体，由于该辐射本体的至少一个表面为具有多个通过表面凹陷形 成的且均匀分布的凹坑的辐射面，而且每个凹坑满足：D/R1≧1，D 为一个凹坑的深度，R1为该凹坑的坑口的半径，所以能提高红外辐 射件对红外的辐射效果，特别是能大幅度提高波长范围为 1.3um-9.7um的红外线的辐射效果，同时，还能大大提高向外辐射的 红外线的聚集效果，也即能将向外辐射的方向，向一个方向聚拢辐射， 从而能实现对接收红外辐射的目标物的定向辐射，这样避免了向不同 方向发散辐射造成的不必要的浪费，从而能减小红外辐射件的整体尺 寸，进而整体减小红外发生器的整体尺寸，并降低需要的辐射器的整 体功率。The infrared radiating member and the infrared generator provided by the present embodiment and the modified example respectively, the infrared radiating member for radiating the infrared rays generated by heating to the outside includes a radiating body, because at least one surface of the radiating body has a The radiation surface of a plurality of pits formed by surface depressions and evenly distributed, and each pit satisfies: D/R1≧1, D is the depth of a pit, R1 is the radius of the pit mouth of the pit, so it can be Improve the infrared radiation effect of the infrared radiation element, especially the infrared radiation effect of the wavelength range of 1.3um-9.7um can be greatly improved, and at the same time, it can also greatly improve the aggregation effect of the radiated infrared rays. The direction of the external radiation, the radiation is gathered in one direction, so that the directional radiation of the target receiving infrared radiation can be realized, which avoids unnecessary waste caused by divergent radiation in different directions, thereby reducing the overall size of the infrared radiation part. , thereby reducing the overall size of the infrared generator and reducing the overall power of the radiator required.
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