CN109950547A - A kind of three-dimensional collector being modified with base metal coating - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional collector being modified with base metal coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109950547A CN109950547A CN201910239910.8A CN201910239910A CN109950547A CN 109950547 A CN109950547 A CN 109950547A CN 201910239910 A CN201910239910 A CN 201910239910A CN 109950547 A CN109950547 A CN 109950547A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional collector for being modified with base metal coating, the base metal coating is nickel, iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminium, tin, copper any one nano particle, and the diameter of the nano particle is 1-1000nm.The invention also discloses the preparation method of the three-dimensional collector and the metal secondary batteries cathode being made from it.There is three-dimensional collector provided by the invention raw material to be easy to get, is at low cost, is easy to operate; the advantages that being suitble to large-scale production; and there is very high close lithium; accelerate the infiltration rate to molten lithium; reduce nucleation overpotential; realize the uniform deposition of metal, dendrite inhibition growth has better constant current charge-discharge performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical fields, and in particular to a kind of three-dimensional collector for being modified with base metal coating, system
Preparation Method and the metal secondary batteries cathode being made from it.
Background technique
With the continuous development of the energy storage devices such as portable electronic device, electric car and smart grid storage, directly make
With the secondary cell of the metal negative electrodes such as lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium because having high energy density to be widely applied.With lithium metal two
For primary cell, because of its high theoretical specific capacity (3860mA h g-1), low reduction potential (relative to standard hydrogen electrode be-
3.04V) and lighter quality, the secondary cell of assembling, such as Li-O2The energy density of battery and Li-S battery is current quotient
The several times of the lithium ion battery of industry have important science and application value.
Presently, there are many problems for metal negative electrode, first is that metal ion forms tree in deposition-precipitation process nonuniform deposition
Dendritic dendrite, is easy to cause internal short-circuit of battery, brings serious security risk.Second is that metal active is high, easily and organic liquid
Electrolyte reacts to form unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), leads to low deposition-precipitation efficiency.Third is that metal is heavy
It will appear biggish volume expansion and contraction in product-precipitation process.Therefore, it is negative that there is an urgent need to develop safe and efficient metals out
Pole.
In order to solve the relevant issues of above-mentioned metal negative electrode, researchers have carried out many work, such as optimization electricity
Liquid component is solved, design interface protective layer develops solid electrolyte and constructs new Three-dimensional Current collector.Wherein, using three-dimensional
Current collector body can increase the specific surface area of electrode, reduce local current densities, and dendrite inhibition grows and alleviate huge electricity
Pole volume change.However, the three-dimensional collector itself generallyd use has thin lithium characteristic, biggish nucleation overpotential is shown,
Therefore it is difficult to adopt industrialized melting injection method lithium metal is combined in three-dimensional collector.Currently, generalling use noble metal
Such as gold, silver and alloy-layer such as Li-Si alloy, lithium indium alloy means regulate and control the close lithium characteristic of surface and interface.However, these materials
Higher cost is unstable to air, it is difficult to realize industrialization.Therefore, the surface regulation of inexpensive, simple, easy scale is found
Means improve the close lithium characteristic of three-dimensional afflux body interface, construct composite metal negative pole, inhibit the formation of dendrite and electrode in battery
The variation of volume, to the metal secondary batteries important in inhibiting of building high safety, high-energy density.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional collector for being modified with base metal coating, the present invention also provides this three
The metal secondary batteries cathode tieing up the preparation method of collector and being made from it.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of three-dimensional collector being modified with base metal coating, the base metal coating be nickel, iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminium,
Any one nano particle of tin, copper, the diameter of the nano particle are 1-1000nm.It is further preferred that the nanometer
The diameter of grain is 50-500nm.
Preferably, the three-dimensional collector is carbon fiber.
A method of the three-dimensional collector for being modified with base metal coating is prepared, is included the following steps:
(1) cutting of three-dimensional collector carbon fiber is placed in strong acid, stirs 2-20h under 60-150 DEG C of water bath condition, takes
Carbon fiber is cleaned with ultrapure water after out, is dried.
(2) carbon fiber is put into the nickel nitrate solution that concentration is 0.01-2mol/L, 1- is kept the temperature under the conditions of 40-100 DEG C
10h is dried after taking-up.
(3) carbon fiber is then carried out to high-temperature calcination under atmosphere of inert gases makes carbon fiber and graphite, is cooled to room temperature
It is placed in reducing gas and anneals again afterwards, nickel ion is made to be reduced into nano nickel and be carried on carbon fiber surface.
Preferably, the strong acid is the concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, volume ratio 3:1.
Preferably, the concentration of the nickel nitrate solution is 0.025mol/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature calcination is 1200-1400 DEG C, and heating rate is 2-20 DEG C/min, calcination time
For 20-120min.
Preferably, the annealing temperature is 700-900 DEG C, and heating rate is 2-20 DEG C/min, annealing time 60-
180min。
A kind of metal secondary batteries cathode, the metal secondary batteries cathode are will to bear after lithium metal, sodium, potassium, magnesium melting
The above is loaded in be modified on the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating and be made.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1) the close lithium coating of three-dimensional collector modification provided by the invention is your non-gold such as nickel, iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminium, tin, copper
Belong to, compared to noble metal such as gold, silver and alloy are used, there is the present invention raw material to be easy to get, is at low cost, is easy to operate, be suitble to large-scale
The advantages that production, has very high practicability.
2) present invention has very high close lithium by modification nanometer parent lithium coating, three-dimensional collector obtained, thus plus
Speed infiltration rate of the three-dimensional collector to molten lithium, can be completed the preparation of cathode of lithium battery within 5 minutes.
3) present invention can be realized the uniform deposition of lithium metal, dendrite inhibition growth and stable electrode structure, make metal two
Primary cell cathode has better constant current charge-discharge performance, can stablize overpotential, improve the cyclical stability of battery and reduce electricity
Pressure polarization, improves the reversible capacity and cycle-index of electrode.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overpotential test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the cyclical stability test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the long circulating the performance test results of the secondary cell assembled in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the overpotential test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is the cyclical stability test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is the overpotential test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 3.
Fig. 7 is the cyclical stability test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in embodiment 3.
Fig. 8 is the overpotential test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in comparative example 1.
Fig. 9 is the cyclical stability test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in comparative example 1.
Figure 10 is the overpotential test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in comparative example 2.
Figure 11 is the cyclical stability test result of the Symmetrical cells assembled in comparative example 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Under
Experimental method described in embodiment is stated, is conventional method unless otherwise specified；The reagent and material, unless otherwise specified,
Commercially obtain.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation is modified with the collector of base metal parent's lithium coating
(1) commodity three-dimensional collector carbon fiber is cut to (dense sulphur in the strong acid for being placed on and being made of the concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid
The volume ratio of acid and concentrated nitric acid is 3:1), stirs 6 hours under 80 DEG C of water bath conditions, is cleaned carbon fiber with ultrapure water after taking-up,
Drying.It is observed by scanning electron microscope, it can be seen that treated, and carbon fiber surface becomes smooth, and staggered for transverse and longitudinal
Structure.
(2) by acid, treated that carbon fiber puts into that concentration is to protect under the conditions of 80 DEG C in the nickel nitrate solution of 0.025mol/L
Warm 3h dries after taking-up, nickel nitrate is made to be adsorbed in carbon fiber surface.
(3) carbon fiber is then subjected under argon atmosphere high-temperature calcination, is warming up to 1300 DEG C simultaneously with the rate of 5 DEG C/min
1h is kept the temperature, makes carbon fiber and graphite, carbon fiber is placed in reducing gas (H again after being cooled to room temperature2: the volume ratio of Ar is 5:95)
In anneal, be warming up to 800 DEG C with the rate of 5 DEG C/min and keep the temperature 2h, nickel ion is made to be reduced into nano nickel and be carried on carbon
Fiber surface.It can be seen that nickel particle is evenly distributed on carbon fiber surface, and even particle size from scanning electron microscope,
Average grain diameter is about 100nm.
(2) metal secondary batteries cathode is prepared
The carbon fiber of nickel-loaded is washed into the disk of diameter 10mm, is then heated together with lithium metal, lithium metal is melted
It as liquid and is injected into carbon fiber pore structure, carbon fiber is taken out from the lithium metal after melting, is cooled to room temperature, i.e.,
Lithium secondary battery anode is made.It can be seen that carbon fiber surface is covered by lithium metal completely, and metallic luster is presented.Due to carbon fiber
Dimension table covers nickel particle on face, increases the close lithium of carbon fiber, accelerates carbon fiber to the infiltration rate of molten lithium, entirely
Process needs 5 minutes or so altogether.The carbon fiber section thickness melted after lithium is about 300 μm, and does not melt the carbon fiber section before lithium
Thickness is close.
(3) Symmetrical cells and its performance test are assembled
Contain 1% LiNO for the carbon fiber of above-mentioned load lithium as anode and cathode, Celgard diaphragm3's
The LiTFSI electrolyte of DOL:DME=1:1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent, is assembled into Li | Li Symmetrical cells.Use blue electrical testing system
System carries out constant current charge-discharge test to above-mentioned battery, and test capacity cutoff is 1mA h cm-2, test temperature is 25 DEG C.Fig. 1 is institute
State Li | Li Symmetrical cells are in 0.5mA cm-2The test of first circle overpotential under current density, it can be seen that the overpotential of the cathode
It is more stable, about 28mV；Fig. 2 is the Li | Li Symmetrical cells are in 0.5mA cm-2Cyclical stability under current density, can be with
See that voltage still keeps stable after recycling 2000h, and voltage polarizing very little, it is finally stable in 10mV or so.
(4) lithium metal secondary battery electro-chemical test
By above-mentioned preparation load lithium carbon fiber cathode and positive electrode (iron phosphate lithium positive pole LFP), Celgard every
Film contains 1% LiNO3DOL:DME=1:1 (volume ratio) mixed solvent LiTFSI electrolyte, assemble up to lithium metal
Secondary cell.The face amount of iron phosphate lithium positive pole is higher than 3mA h cm-2, test blanking voltage is 2-4V, and test temperature is 25 DEG C,
Test current density is 0.2-1.0C.Fig. 3 shows CF/Ni@Li | the reversible capacity of LFP electrode can be close to 160mA h g-2, follow
Ring 100 encloses, capacity retention ratio 95.6%.
Embodiment 2
Other conditions are same as Example 1, the difference is that the concentration of nickel nitrate solution is 0.1mol/ in step (2)
L.After the concentration for increasing nickel nitrate solution, the load capacity of carbon fiber surface nickel particle is obviously increased, and the size of nickel particle is omited
Micro- increase, about 200nm.Since the nickel particle quantity on carbon fiber surface increases, the close lithium of carbon fiber is caused to enhance, into one
Step, which accelerates, melts lithium rate, and whole process needs 4 minutes or so altogether.It is tested by Symmetrical cells are assembled after the carbon fiber loaded lithium
Chemical property, Fig. 4 show the cathode of lithium in 0.5mA cm-2The test result of first circle overpotential under current density, can be with
Find out that the overpotential of the cathode slightly fluctuates, between 30-40mV, Fig. 5 is the Symmetrical cells for loading the carbon fiber assembling of lithium
Performance test, cycle performance is poor, and 1250h after-polarization starts to increase, about 40mV.
Embodiment 3
Other conditions are same as Example 1, the difference is that the concentration of nickel nitrate solution is 0.2mol/ in step (2)
L.After the concentration for increasing nickel nitrate solution, the load capacity of carbon fiber surface nickel particle is further increased, the size of nickel particle
It significantly increases, about 500nm.Due to the increase of the nickel particle on carbon fiber surface, the close lithium of carbon fiber is caused further to increase
By force, it accelerates and melts lithium rate, whole process needs 3 minutes or so altogether.Symmetrical cells test will be assembled after the carbon fiber loaded lithium
Its chemical property, Fig. 6 show the cathode of lithium in 0.5mA cm-2The test of first circle overpotential under current density, can see
The overpotential big rise and fall of the cathode out is the performance survey for loading the Symmetrical cells of carbon fiber assembling of lithium in 40mV or so, Fig. 7
Examination, cycle performance further decrease, and 1000h after-polarization starts to increase, and tends to 50mV.
Embodiment 4
Other conditions are same as Example 1, the difference is that treated that carbon fiber puts concentration into is by acid
In the iron nitrate solution of 0.025mol/L.Load has carbon fiber surface parent's lithium of iron nano-particle to obviously increase, whole process
Melt lithium rate, whole process needs 3.5 minutes or so altogether.The Symmetrical cells of assembling are in 0.5mA cm-2First circle under current density
Overpotential is in 45mV or so.
Embodiment 5
Other conditions are same as Example 1, the difference is that treated that carbon fiber puts concentration into is by acid
In the zinc nitrate solution of 0.025mol/L.Load has carbon fiber surface parent's lithium of zinc nanoparticles to obviously increase, whole process
Melt lithium rate, whole process needs 2 minutes or so altogether.The Symmetrical cells of assembling are in 0.5mA cm-2First circle mistake under current density
Current potential is in 25mV or so.
Embodiment 6
Other conditions are same as Example 1, the difference is that treated that carbon fiber puts concentration into is by acid
In the nitric acid solution of tin of 0.025mol/L.Load has carbon fiber surface parent's lithium of tin nanoparticles to obviously increase, whole process
Melt lithium rate, whole process needs 3 minutes or so altogether.The Symmetrical cells of assembling are in 0.5mA cm-2First circle mistake under current density
Current potential is in 35mV or so.
Comparative example 1
Difference from Example 1 is the acid processing that carbon fiber only passes through in step (1), has no other subsequent modifications.
Through characterizing, pure carbon cloth surfaces smoother is presented transverse and longitudinal and interlocks.Since pure carbon fiber has no apparent close lithium characteristic, thus it is entire
Melting lithium process can only lean on cellular structure to adsorb liquid lithium, and it is slower entirely to melt lithium process, need could terminate within 10 minutes.By its molten lithium
Later, the room temperature of cooling, is then assembled into Symmetrical cells, and Fig. 8 shows the cathode of lithium in 0.5mA cm-2Head under current density
Enclose the test of overpotential, it can be seen that the overpotential of the cathode reaches 30mV, as can be seen from Figure 9 group after pure carbon cloth molten lithium
The cycle performance of the Symmetrical cells of dress is poor, and 1000h after-polarization starts to significantly increase, finally about 50mV.
Comparative example 2
Difference from Example 1 is to substitute acid treated carbon fiber with nickel foam, and clean, drying has no other
Subsequent modification.Through characterizing, foam nickel surface is smoother, and is three-dimensional porous structure.Since the ingredient of nickel foam is that body is mutually tied
Structure, therefore entirely melt lithium process and need 12 minutes or so just be fully completed, then the room temperature of cooling after its molten lithium assembles
At Symmetrical cells, Figure 10 shows the cathode of lithium in 0.5mA cm-2The test of first circle overpotential under current density, it can be seen that
The overpotential of the cathode is more than 100mV, the cyclicity of the Symmetrical cells assembled after nickel foam molten lithium as can be seen from Figure 11
Can be very poor, voltage is extremely unstable, fluctuates larger.
Comparative example 3
Difference from Example 1 is to substitute acid treated carbon fiber with nickel foil, clean, drying, have no it is other after
Continuous modification.Through characterizing, nickel foil surface is smoother, and without obvious hole.Since nickel foil parent's lithium is poor, therefore entirely melt lithium process
It needs 13 minutes or so to terminate, tests its cycle performance and voltage polarizing for Symmetrical cells are assembled into after its molten lithium,
The overpotential of cathode reaches 110mV, significantly increases compared to other embodiments and comparative example.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of three-dimensional collector for being modified with base metal coating, it is characterised in that: the base metal coating be nickel, iron,
Any one nano particle of zinc, magnesium, aluminium, tin, copper, the diameter of the nano particle are 1-1000nm.
2. being modified with the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the three-dimensional collector
For carbon fiber.
3. a kind of prepare the method for being modified with the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating described in claim 2, it is characterised in that packet
Include following steps:
(1) cutting of three-dimensional collector carbon fiber is placed in strong acid, 2-20h is stirred under 60-150 DEG C of water bath condition, after taking-up
Carbon fiber is cleaned with ultrapure water, is dried；
(2) carbon fiber is put into the nickel nitrate solution that concentration is 0.01-2mol/L, 1-10h is kept the temperature under the conditions of 40-100 DEG C, is taken
It is dried after out；
(3) carbon fiber is then carried out to high-temperature calcination under atmosphere of inert gases makes carbon fiber and graphite, after being cooled to room temperature again
It is placed in reducing gas and anneals, nickel ion is made to be reduced into nano nickel and be carried on carbon fiber surface.
4. being modified with the preparation method of the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
Strong acid is the concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, volume ratio 3:1.
5. being modified with the preparation method of the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
The concentration of nickel nitrate solution is 0.025mol/L.
6. being modified with the preparation method of the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
The temperature of high-temperature calcination is 1200-1400 DEG C, and heating rate is 2-20 DEG C/min, calcination time 20-120min.
7. being modified with the preparation method of the three-dimensional collector of base metal coating as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
Annealing temperature is 700-900 DEG C, and heating rate is 2-20 DEG C/min, annealing time 60-180min.
8. a kind of metal secondary batteries cathode, it is characterised in that: the metal secondary batteries cathode is by lithium metal, sodium, potassium, magnesium
Melting back loading is made on the three-dimensional collector as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for being modified with base metal coating.
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| CN112382764A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium-philic copper-nickel double-metal-layer modified three-dimensional framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112490425A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-12 | 南方科技大学 | Flexible composite lithium metal electrode, preparation thereof and lithium metal battery |
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| CN111403704A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏师范大学 | Preparation method and application of three-dimensional dendritic metal-carbon nanofiber |
| CN111710851A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-25 | 常州赛得能源科技有限公司 | Solid-state battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111668493A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-15 | 南开大学 | Three-dimensional current collector for inhibiting dendritic crystal of lithium metal negative electrode and application of three-dimensional current collector in metal lithium battery |
| CN112382764A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium-philic copper-nickel double-metal-layer modified three-dimensional framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112382764B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Lithium-philic copper-nickel double-metal-layer modified three-dimensional framework material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112490425A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-12 | 南方科技大学 | Flexible composite lithium metal electrode, preparation thereof and lithium metal battery |
| CN112909234A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method and application of lithium cathode or sodium cathode |
| CN113346134A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 华中科技大学 | Precursor solution for preparing polymer electrolyte and application thereof |
| CN117174914A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-05 | 中能鑫储(北京)科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional current collector applied to aluminum ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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