CN109742554B - Double-frequency Ku waveband circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber - Google Patents
Double-frequency Ku waveband circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,其包括一块中间损耗介质板、以覆盖形式设置于中间损耗介质板的背表面上的一块金属底板、镀设于中间损耗介质板的正表面上的一个或多个金属薄膜图案结构,金属底板、中间损耗介质板、金属薄膜图案结构构成“金属‑介质‑金属”三明治结构,镀设多个金属薄膜图案结构时多个金属薄膜图案结构呈方阵阵列形式相互间隔排布,使每个金属薄膜图案结构与中间损耗介质板中对应的一块区域和金属底板中对应的一块区域构成一个吸波单元,各个吸波单元单独工作;优点是其能够在微波段实现双频圆极化波差异吸收特性,且结构简单、厚度薄、制作成本低以及圆极化波差异吸收效率高。
The invention discloses a dual-frequency Ku-band circular polarization sensitive wave absorber, which comprises an intermediate loss dielectric plate, a metal base plate arranged on the back surface of the intermediate loss dielectric plate in a covering form, and a metal base plate plated on the intermediate loss dielectric plate. One or more metal thin film pattern structures on the front surface of the board, the metal base plate, the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, and the metal thin film pattern structure form a "metal-dielectric-metal" sandwich structure, and when multiple metal thin film pattern structures are plated, multiple metal The thin-film pattern structures are arranged at intervals in the form of a square array, so that each metal thin-film pattern structure and a corresponding area in the intermediate lossy dielectric plate and a corresponding area in the metal base plate form an absorbing unit, and each absorbing unit works independently The advantage is that it can realize dual-frequency circularly polarized wave differential absorption characteristics in the microwave section, and has simple structure, thin thickness, low manufacturing cost and high circularly polarized wave differential absorption efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种吸波器,尤其是涉及一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器。The invention relates to a wave absorber, in particular to a dual-frequency Ku-band circular polarization sensitive wave absorber.
背景技术Background technique
吸波材料是一种涉及微波的重要材料,其在电磁兼容、雷达隐身等诸多领域拥有重要的应用价值。一方面,微波暗室中所采用的锥形吸波体结构,由于其结构复杂和易腐蚀破坏,因此并不适用于复杂环境的实际应用。与此同时,传统的铁氧体结构的磁性损耗技术和碳系材料为主的介电损耗技术中,也存在吸波频段窄、厚度大、质量大、缺乏动态调节性等缺点。Absorber is an important material involving microwave, which has important application value in electromagnetic compatibility, radar stealth and many other fields. On the one hand, the conical absorber structure used in the anechoic chamber is not suitable for practical applications in complex environments due to its complex structure and easy corrosion damage. At the same time, the traditional magnetic loss technology of ferrite structure and the dielectric loss technology of carbon-based materials also have shortcomings such as narrow absorption frequency band, large thickness, large mass, and lack of dynamic adjustment.
随着微纳加工技术的发展以及跨学科研究领域的深入研究,基于人工电磁微结构技术的超材料吸波器研究,不仅仅局限于电磁学领域,其在材料科学、太赫兹、光学以及其它信息科学等诸多研究中已得到重视,目前,在民用、军事以及通信等众多领域均实现了极高的应用价值,如电磁防护、电磁黑洞/隐身以及能量探测器/收集器、隔离器,以及电磁兼容和天线隔离度改善等。超材料吸波器于2008年最早由Landy N I等人在刻蚀有亚波长微结构的双层电路板所构建而成,在11GHz谐振频率点附近其吸波率大约为88%左右,参见Landy N I,Sajuyigbe S,Mock J J,et al.Perfect Metamaterial Absorber.PhysicalReview Letters,100,207402,2008。与绝大多数的电磁超材料吸波器类似,这种依靠上下层电磁谐振所产生的介质损耗技术,大多面向线性极化波,研究单一线性极化波和交叉线性极化波的吸收特性,而圆极化敏感吸波器(由于其能够有效地吸收某一种手性的圆极化波,而反射或透射另一种手性的圆极化波,因此会导致较大的吸收圆二色性差值)的报道很少,圆极化敏感吸波器在航空通讯、分子检测等领域具有更广泛的应用。2016年,美国西北大学Y.M.Liu教授等人,通过多层金属线模型的级联技术,在中心波长8.1μm处,实现对右旋圆极化波的较高吸收率,参见Wang Z G,Jia H,Yao K,et al.Circular dichroismmetamirrors with near-perfect extinction,Acs Photonics,3,2096-2101,2016,但是这种多层结构的级联技术,受制于层与层间的电磁耦合效应,吸收带宽局限于较窄的频率范围内,结构复杂,制作成本大;此外,圆极化波差异吸收效率仍然较低,吸收频率单一,限制了圆极化吸波器在实际应用背景中的应用前景。With the development of micro-nano processing technology and in-depth research in interdisciplinary research fields, the research on metamaterial absorbers based on artificial electromagnetic microstructure technology is not only limited to the field of electromagnetics, but also has applications in materials science, terahertz, optics and other fields. At present, it has achieved extremely high application value in many fields such as civil, military and communication, such as electromagnetic protection, electromagnetic black hole/stealth and energy detectors/collectors, isolators, and Electromagnetic compatibility and antenna isolation improvement, etc. The metamaterial absorber was first constructed by Landy N I et al in 2008 by etching a double-layer circuit board with sub-wavelength microstructures, and its absorption rate is about 88% near the 11GHz resonant frequency. See Landy NI, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, et al. Perfect Metamaterial Absorber. Physical Review Letters, 100, 207402, 2008. Similar to the vast majority of electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers, this dielectric loss technology, which relies on the electromagnetic resonance of the upper and lower layers, is mostly oriented to linearly polarized waves, and studies the absorption characteristics of single linearly polarized waves and crossed linearly polarized waves. The circular polarization sensitive absorber (because it can effectively absorb circularly polarized waves of a certain chirality and reflect or transmit circularly polarized waves of another chirality, it will lead to a larger absorption circular dichroism. There are few reports of chromatic aberration), and circularly polarized sensitive absorbers have wider applications in aviation communication, molecular detection and other fields. In 2016, Professor Y.M.Liu of Northwestern University and others achieved a higher absorption rate for right-handed circularly polarized waves at the center wavelength of 8.1 μm through the cascade technology of the multi-layer metal wire model, see Wang Z G, Jia H , Yao K, et al. Circular dichroism metamirrors with near-perfect extinction, Acs Photonics, 3, 2096-2101, 2016, but the cascade technology of this multilayer structure is subject to the electromagnetic coupling effect between layers and the absorption bandwidth Limited to a narrow frequency range, the structure is complex and the manufacturing cost is high; in addition, the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves is still low, and the absorption frequency is single, which limits the application prospects of circularly polarized wave absorbers in the practical application background.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,其能够在微波段实现双频圆极化波差异吸收特性,且结构简单、厚度薄、制作成本低以及圆极化波差异吸收效率高。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber, which can realize the differential absorption characteristics of dual-frequency circularly polarized waves in the microwave band, and has a simple structure, thin thickness, low manufacturing cost and The differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves is high.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,其特征在于包括一块中间损耗介质板、以覆盖形式设置于所述的中间损耗介质板的背表面上的一块金属底板、镀设于所述的中间损耗介质板的正表面上的一个金属薄膜图案结构,所述的金属底板、所述的中间损耗介质板、所述的金属薄膜图案结构构成“金属-介质-金属”三明治结构。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber, which is characterized in that it comprises an intermediate loss dielectric plate, which is arranged in a covering form on the intermediate loss dielectric plate. A metal bottom plate on the back surface, a metal thin film pattern structure plated on the front surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, the metal bottom plate, the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, the metal thin film pattern structure Form a "metal-dielectric-metal" sandwich structure.
所述的金属薄膜图案结构为不对称“工”字形结构,所述的金属薄膜图案结构由横向段、竖直段、斜向段组成,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的长度各不相同而宽度相同、厚度相同,所述的竖直段的顶端与所述的横向段贴合且所述的竖直段的底端与所述的斜向段贴合形成一体。通过大量实验发现不对称“工”字形结构相对其他形状,能够更好地提升圆极化波差异吸收效率;在镀设时需注意竖直段的顶端与横向段贴合且竖直段的底端与斜向段贴合,即三者相通形成一体。The metal thin film pattern structure is an asymmetric "I"-shaped structure, and the metal thin film pattern structure is composed of a transverse segment, a vertical segment, and an oblique segment. The lengths of the oblique sections are different but the width and thickness are the same, the top end of the vertical section is fitted with the transverse section, and the bottom end of the vertical section is in contact with the oblique section. Fit together to form one. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the asymmetric "I"-shaped structure can better improve the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves compared with other shapes; when plating, it is necessary to pay attention to the top of the vertical section and the horizontal section and the bottom of the vertical section. The end is fitted with the oblique section, that is, the three are connected to form a whole.
所述的金属底板和所述的中间损耗介质板的横截面为正方形且边长为P,所述的横向段的左边距为a且右边距为b,所述的横向段的长度为L1,P=a+b+L1,所述的竖直段的长度为L2,所述的斜向段的长度为L3,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的宽度均为w,所述的竖直段的右侧顶端距离所述的横向段的右边起始位置的长度为w,所述的竖直段的右侧底端距离所述的斜向段的右边起始位置的长度为c,所述的竖直段与所述的斜向段之间的夹角为θ。上述这些参数决定了不对称“工”字形结构的具体结构,并限定了不对称“工”字形结构在中间损耗介质板中的位置。The cross section of the metal base plate and the intermediate lossy dielectric plate is square and the side length is P, the left margin of the lateral segment is a and the right margin is b, and the length of the lateral segment is L1, P=a+b+L1, the length of the vertical segment is L2, the length of the oblique segment is L3, the length of the horizontal segment, the vertical segment and the oblique segment is The widths are all w, the length of the top right side of the vertical segment from the starting position on the right side of the horizontal segment is w, and the bottom end of the right side of the vertical segment is distanced from the oblique segment. The length of the right starting position is c, and the included angle between the vertical section and the oblique section is θ. The above parameters determine the specific structure of the asymmetric "I"-shaped structure, and define the position of the asymmetric "I"-shaped structure in the intermediate lossy dielectric plate.
P=11.5mm,a=1.625mm,b=4.475mm,L1=5.4mm,L2=6.9mm,L3=5.8mm,w=1.3mm,c=3.4mm,θ=60°。通过大量实验发现在这些参数值下,圆极化波差异吸收效率最高。P=11.5mm, a=1.625mm, b=4.475mm, L1=5.4mm, L2=6.9mm, L3=5.8mm, w=1.3mm, c=3.4mm, θ=60°. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that under these parameter values, the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves is the highest.
所述的金属底板为在所述的中间损耗介质板的背表面上覆盖一层铜薄膜形成,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段均为在所述的中间损耗介质板的正表面上镀设一层铜薄膜形成。铜薄膜作为金属底板、横向段、竖直段和斜向段的材质,能够在确保达到良好效果的前提下降低成本。The metal bottom plate is formed by covering a layer of copper film on the back surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, and the lateral section, the vertical section and the oblique section are all in the A layer of copper film is plated on the front surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate. The copper film is used as the material of the metal bottom plate, the lateral section, the vertical section and the oblique section, which can reduce the cost on the premise of ensuring good results.
所述的金属底板、所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的导电率σ均为2.6×107~5.8×107S/m。The electrical conductivity σ of the metal base plate, the lateral section, the vertical section and the oblique section is all 2.6×10 7 to 5.8×10 7 S/m.
所述的金属底板、所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的厚度t均为0.035~0.2mm。由于在中间损耗介质板的厚度确定的情况下,金属底板、横向段、竖直段和斜向段的厚度对圆极化波差异吸收效率的影响不大,因此只要求金属底板、横向段、竖直段和斜向段的厚度即各铜薄膜的厚度必须大于光波透射的穿透深度(即趋肤深度)即可,这样才能保证无任何光波透过该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,通过大量实验得出t为0.035~0.2mm时均能满足条件,但取t=0.2mm时效果最佳。The thickness t of the metal bottom plate, the transverse section, the vertical section and the oblique section are all 0.035-0.2 mm. Since the thickness of the metal base plate, lateral section, vertical section and oblique section has little effect on the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves when the thickness of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate is determined, only the metal base plate, lateral section, The thickness of the vertical section and the oblique section, that is, the thickness of each copper film must be greater than the penetration depth of light wave transmission (that is, the skin depth), so as to ensure that no light wave passes through the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the conditions can be met when t is 0.035 to 0.2mm, but the effect is best when t=0.2mm.
所述的中间损耗介质板为FR-4板,所述的中间损耗介质板的相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025,所述的中间损耗介质板的厚度h为2.5mm。普通的FR-4板是目前吸波器结构设计过程中常用的一种介质材料,其制作成本低,易于加工实现,具体选用相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025的FR-4板;中间损耗介质板的厚度是影响该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的圆极化波差异吸收效率的一个重要因素,通过大量实验发现取h=2.5mm时能够更大程度地提高圆极化波差异吸收效率。The intermediate lossy dielectric board is an FR-4 board, the relative dielectric constant ε of the intermediate lossy dielectric board is 4.3, the loss tangent δ is 0.025, and the thickness h of the intermediate lossy dielectric board is 2.5mm. Ordinary FR-4 board is a kind of dielectric material commonly used in the structure design process of wave absorber. It has low production cost and is easy to process. Specifically, FR-4 with a relative dielectric constant ε of 4.3 and a loss tangent δ of 0.025 is selected. 4 plates; the thickness of the intermediate loss dielectric plate is an important factor affecting the circularly polarized wave differential absorption efficiency of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber. to improve the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves.
一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,其特征在于包括一块中间损耗介质板、以覆盖形式设置于所述的中间损耗介质板的背表面上的一块金属底板、镀设于所述的中间损耗介质板的正表面上的多个金属薄膜图案结构,所述的金属底板、所述的中间损耗介质板、所述的金属薄膜图案结构构成“金属-介质-金属”三明治结构,多个所述的金属薄膜图案结构呈方阵阵列形式相互间隔排布,且排布周期为P,使每个所述的金属薄膜图案结构与所述的中间损耗介质板中对应的一块边长为P的区域和所述的金属底板中对应的一块边长为P的区域构成一个吸波单元,各个所述的吸波单元单独工作。金属薄膜图案结构的具体个数可根据应用环境调整设计。A dual-frequency Ku-band circular polarization sensitive wave absorber is characterized in that it comprises an intermediate loss dielectric plate, a metal base plate arranged in a covering form on the back surface of the intermediate loss dielectric plate, and a metal base plate is plated on the intermediate loss dielectric plate. A plurality of metal thin film pattern structures on the front surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, the metal bottom plate, the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, and the metal thin film pattern structure constitute a "metal-dielectric-metal" sandwich structure, and many Each of the metal thin film pattern structures is spaced apart from each other in the form of a square array, and the arrangement period is P, so that each of the metal thin film pattern structures and the corresponding one of the intermediate lossy dielectric plates have a length of The region P and a corresponding region of the metal base plate with a side length of P constitute a wave absorbing unit, and each of the wave absorbing units works independently. The specific number of metal thin film pattern structures can be adjusted and designed according to the application environment.
所述的金属薄膜图案结构为不对称“工”字形结构,所述的金属薄膜图案结构由横向段、竖直段、斜向段组成,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的长度各不相同而宽度相同、厚度相同,所述的竖直段的顶端与所述的横向段贴合且所述的竖直段的底端与所述的斜向段贴合形成一体;The metal thin film pattern structure is an asymmetric "I"-shaped structure, and the metal thin film pattern structure is composed of a transverse segment, a vertical segment, and an oblique segment. The lengths of the oblique sections are different but the width and thickness are the same, the top end of the vertical section is fitted with the transverse section, and the bottom end of the vertical section is in contact with the oblique section. fit together to form one;
每个所述的吸波单元中,P=11.5mm,所述的横向段的左边距为a=1.625mm且右边距为b=4.475mm,所述的横向段的长度为L1=5.4mm,P=a+b+L1,所述的竖直段的长度为L2=6.9mm,所述的斜向段的长度为L3=5.8mm,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的宽度均为w=1.3mm,所述的竖直段的右侧顶端距离所述的横向段的右边起始位置的长度为w=1.3mm,所述的竖直段的右侧底端距离所述的斜向段的右边起始位置的长度为c=3.4mm,所述的竖直段与所述的斜向段之间的夹角为θ=60°;In each of the wave absorbing units, P=11.5mm, the left distance of the transverse segment is a=1.625mm and the right distance is b=4.475mm, the length of the transverse segment is L1=5.4mm, P=a+b+L1, the length of the vertical segment is L2=6.9mm, the length of the oblique segment is L3=5.8mm, the transverse segment, the vertical segment and the The width of the oblique section is w=1.3mm, the length of the top right side of the vertical section from the starting position of the right side of the horizontal section is w=1.3mm, and the length of the vertical section is w=1.3mm. The length of the right bottom end from the right starting position of the oblique segment is c=3.4mm, and the angle between the vertical segment and the oblique segment is θ=60°;
所述的金属底板为在所述的中间损耗介质板的背表面上覆盖一层铜薄膜形成,所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段均为在所述的中间损耗介质板的正表面上镀设一层铜薄膜形成;The metal bottom plate is formed by covering a layer of copper film on the back surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate, and the lateral section, the vertical section and the oblique section are all in the A layer of copper film is formed on the front surface of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate;
所述的金属底板、所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的导电率σ均为2.6×107~5.8×107S/m,所述的金属底板、所述的横向段、所述的竖直段和所述的斜向段的厚度t均为0.035~0.2mm;由于在中间损耗介质板的厚度确定的情况下,金属底板、横向段、竖直段和斜向段的厚度对圆极化波差异吸收效率的影响不大,因此只要求金属底板、横向段、竖直段和斜向段的厚度即各铜薄膜的厚度必须大于光波透射的穿透深度(即趋肤深度)即可,这样才能保证无任何光波透过该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,通过大量实验得出t为0.035~0.2mm时均能满足条件,但取t=0.2mm时效果最佳。The electrical conductivity σ of the metal base plate, the lateral section, the vertical section and the oblique section is all 2.6×10 7 to 5.8×10 7 S/m, and the metal base plate, The thickness t of the transverse section, the vertical section and the oblique section are all 0.035 to 0.2 mm; since the thickness of the intermediate lossy dielectric plate is determined, the metal bottom plate, the transverse section, the vertical The thickness of the segment and the oblique segment has little effect on the differential absorption efficiency of the circularly polarized wave, so only the thickness of the metal base plate, the lateral segment, the vertical segment and the oblique segment is required, that is, the thickness of each copper film must be greater than the penetration of the light wave transmission. The penetration depth (that is, the skin depth) is sufficient, so as to ensure that no light waves pass through the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber. Through a large number of experiments, it is found that the conditions can be met when t is 0.035 to 0.2 mm, but The best effect is taken when t=0.2mm.
所述的中间损耗介质板为FR-4板,所述的中间损耗介质板的相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025,所述的中间损耗介质板的厚度h为2.5mm;普通的FR-4板是目前吸波器结构设计过程中常用的一种介质材料,其制作成本低,易于加工实现,具体选用相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025的FR-4板;中间损耗介质板的厚度是影响该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的圆极化波差异吸收效率的一个重要因素,通过大量实验发现取h=2.5mm时能够更大程度地提高圆极化波差异吸收效率。The intermediate lossy dielectric board is an FR-4 board, the relative dielectric constant ε of the intermediate lossy dielectric board is 4.3, the loss tangent δ is 0.025, and the thickness h of the intermediate lossy dielectric board is 2.5mm; Ordinary FR-4 board is a kind of dielectric material commonly used in the structure design process of wave absorber. It has low production cost and is easy to process. Specifically, FR-4 with a relative dielectric constant ε of 4.3 and a loss tangent δ of 0.025 is selected. 4 plates; the thickness of the intermediate loss dielectric plate is an important factor affecting the circularly polarized wave differential absorption efficiency of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber. to improve the differential absorption efficiency of circularly polarized waves.
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
1)本发明的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器由中间损耗介质板、以覆盖形式设置于中间损耗介质板的背表面上的一块金属底板、镀设于中间损耗介质板的正表面上的一个或多个金属薄膜图案结构组成,构成了一个“金属-介质-金属”三明治结构,其结构简单、厚度薄、制作成本低、易于实现。1) The dual-frequency Ku-band circular polarization sensitive wave absorber of the present invention consists of an intermediate loss dielectric plate, a metal base plate arranged on the back surface of the intermediate loss dielectric plate in a covering form, and plated on the front surface of the intermediate loss dielectric plate. It is composed of one or more metal thin film pattern structures on it, forming a "metal-dielectric-metal" sandwich structure, which is simple in structure, thin in thickness, low in fabrication cost and easy to implement.
2)本发明的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器可以在微波段11~15GHz范围内,实现面向左旋圆极化LCP波的双吸收峰,其圆极化波差异吸收效率可达到91%以上。2) The dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber of the present invention can achieve dual absorption peaks facing left-handed circularly polarized LCP waves in the microwave band range of 11 to 15 GHz, and its circularly polarized wave differential absorption efficiency can reach 91%. %above.
3)本发明的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器能够在双频率点上实现强烈的吸收圆二色性特性,中心谐振频率分别为12.2GHz和14.4GHz,差异化峰值吸收率为左旋圆极化LCP波的峰值吸收率,分别为94.2%和91.7%,吸收圆二色性差值可达到76.6%和68.3%。3) The dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber of the present invention can realize strong absorption circular dichroism characteristics at dual frequency points, the central resonance frequencies are 12.2GHz and 14.4GHz respectively, and the differential peak absorption rate is left-handed. The peak absorption rates of circularly polarized LCP waves are 94.2% and 91.7%, respectively, and the difference in absorption circular dichroism can reach 76.6% and 68.3%.
4)本发明的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的频率范围在11~15GHz,属于Ku波段,其对数字信号传输、能量集中收集、隔离器等领域应用具有更好的应用价值。4) The frequency range of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive absorber of the present invention is 11-15 GHz, which belongs to the Ku-band, and has better application value for applications in the fields of digital signal transmission, energy collection, isolators and the like.
5)本发明的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器可通过比例缩放和适当参数调整,较完美的移植到其它频段。5) The dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber of the present invention can be perfectly transplanted to other frequency bands through scaling and proper parameter adjustment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例一的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的立体结构示意图;1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber according to
图2为实施例一的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的正视图;2 is a front view of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber of the first embodiment;
图3为实施例一的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的侧视图;3 is a side view of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber of the first embodiment;
图4为实施例二的双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的正视图;4 is a front view of the dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber of the second embodiment;
图5为基于时域有限积分计算对实施例一和实施例二的吸波器进行仿真得到的圆极化波反射率图;5 is a graph of circularly polarized wave reflectivity obtained by simulating the wave absorbers of
图6为通过反射率计算出的圆极化波入射时实施例一和实施例二的吸波器的吸收率曲线;Fig. 6 is the absorption rate curve of the wave absorber of
图7为通过圆极化波吸收率计算出的实施例一和实施例二的吸波器的吸收圆二色性值曲线。FIG. 7 is the absorption circular dichroism value curve of the absorbers of the first embodiment and the second embodiment calculated by the circularly polarized wave absorptivity.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.
实施例一:Example 1:
本实施例提出的一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,如图1、图2和图3所示,其包括一块中间损耗介质板1、以覆盖形式设置于中间损耗介质板1的背表面上的一块金属底板2、镀设于中间损耗介质板1的正表面上的一个金属薄膜图案结构3,金属底板2、中间损耗介质板1、金属薄膜图案结构3构成“金属-介质-金属”三明治结构。A dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber proposed in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , includes an intermediate lossy
在本实施例中,金属薄膜图案结构3为不对称“工”字形结构,金属薄膜图案结构3由横向段31、竖直段32、斜向段33组成,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的长度各不相同而宽度相同、厚度相同,竖直段32的顶端与横向段31贴合且竖直段32的底端与斜向段33贴合形成一体。通过大量实验发现不对称“工”字形结构相对其他形状,能够更好地提升圆极化波差异吸收效率;在镀设时需注意竖直段32的顶端与横向段31贴合且竖直段32的底端与斜向段33贴合,即三者相通形成一体。In this embodiment, the metal thin
在本实施例中,金属底板2和中间损耗介质板1的横截面为正方形且边长为P,横向段31的左边距为a且右边距为b,横向段31的长度为L1,P=a+b+L1,竖直段32的长度为L2,斜向段33的长度为L3,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的宽度均为w,竖直段32的右侧顶端距离横向段31的右边起始位置的长度为w,竖直段32的右侧底端距离斜向段33的右边起始位置的长度为c,竖直段32与斜向段33之间的夹角为θ,上述这些参数决定了不对称“工”字形结构的具体结构,并限定了不对称“工”字形结构在中间损耗介质板1中的位置;具体取P=11.5mm,a=1.625mm,b=4.475mm,L1=5.4mm,L2=6.9mm,L3=5.8mm,w=1.3mm,c=3.4mm,θ=60°,通过大量实验发现在这些参数值下,圆极化波差异吸收效率最高。In this embodiment, the cross section of the
在本实施例中,金属底板2为在中间损耗介质板1的背表面上覆盖一层铜薄膜形成,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33均为在中间损耗介质板1的正表面上镀设一层铜薄膜形成,铜薄膜作为金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的材质,能够在确保达到良好效果的前提下降低成本;金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的导电率σ均为2.6×107~5.8×107S/m,金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度t均为0.035~0.2mm,由于在中间损耗介质板1的厚度确定的情况下,金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度对圆极化波差异吸收效率的影响不大,因此只要求金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度即各铜薄膜的厚度必须大于光波透射的穿透深度(即趋肤深度)即可,这样才能保证无任何光波透过该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,通过大量实验得出t为0.035~0.2mm时均能满足条件,但取t=0.2mm时效果最佳。In this embodiment, the
在本实施例中,中间损耗介质板1为FR-4板,中间损耗介质板1的相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025,中间损耗介质板1的厚度h为2.5mm。普通的FR-4板是目前吸波器结构设计过程中常用的一种介质材料,其制作成本低,易于加工实现,具体选用相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025的FR-4板;中间损耗介质板1的厚度是影响该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的圆极化波差异吸收效率的一个重要因素,通过大量实验发现取h=2.5mm时能够更大程度地提高圆极化波差异吸收效率。In this embodiment, the intermediate lossy
实施例二:Embodiment 2:
本实施例提出的一种双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,如图4所示,其包括一块中间损耗介质板1、以覆盖形式设置于中间损耗介质板1的背表面上的一块金属底板2、镀设于中间损耗介质板1的正表面上的多个金属薄膜图案结构3,金属底板2、中间损耗介质板1、金属薄膜图案结构3构成“金属-介质-金属”三明治结构,多个金属薄膜图案结构3呈方阵阵列形式相互间隔排布,且排布周期为P,使每个金属薄膜图案结构3与中间损耗介质板1中对应的一块边长为P的区域和金属底板2中对应的一块边长为P的区域构成一个吸波单元,各个吸波单元单独工作。金属薄膜图案结构3的具体个数可根据应用环境调整设计。A dual-frequency Ku-band circularly polarized sensitive wave absorber proposed in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , includes an intermediate lossy
在本实施例中,金属薄膜图案结构3为不对称“工”字形结构,金属薄膜图案结构3由横向段31、竖直段32、斜向段33组成,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的长度各不相同而宽度相同、厚度相同,竖直段32的顶端与横向段31贴合且竖直段32的底端与斜向段33贴合形成一体。In this embodiment, the metal thin
在本实施例中,每个吸波单元中,P=11.5mm,横向段31的左边距为a=1.625mm且右边距为b=4.475mm,横向段31的长度为L1=5.4mm,P=a+b+L1,竖直段32的长度为L2=6.9mm,斜向段33的长度为L3=5.8mm,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的宽度均为w=1.3mm,竖直段32的右侧顶端距离横向段31的右边起始位置的长度为w=1.3mm,竖直段32的右侧底端距离斜向段33的右边起始位置的长度为c=3.4mm,竖直段32与斜向段33之间的夹角为θ=60°。In this embodiment, in each wave absorbing unit, P=11.5mm, the left distance of the
在本实施例中,金属底板2为在中间损耗介质板1的背表面上覆盖一层铜薄膜形成,横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33均为在中间损耗介质板1的正表面上镀设一层铜薄膜形成;金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的导电率σ均为2.6×107~5.8×107S/m,金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度t均为0.035~0.2mm,由于在中间损耗介质板1的厚度确定的情况下,金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度对圆极化波差异吸收效率的影响不大,因此只要求金属底板2、横向段31、竖直段32和斜向段33的厚度即各铜薄膜的厚度必须大于光波透射的穿透深度(即趋肤深度)即可,这样才能保证无任何光波透过该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器,通过大量实验实验得出t为0.035~0.2mm时均能满足条件,但取t=0.2mm时效果最佳。In this embodiment, the
在本实施例中,中间损耗介质板1为FR-4板,中间损耗介质板1的相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025,中间损耗介质板1的厚度h为2.5mm,普通的FR-4板是目前吸波器结构设计过程中常用的一种介质材料,其制作成本低,易于加工实现,具体选用相对介电常数ε为4.3、损耗正切值δ为0.025的FR-4板;中间损耗介质板1的厚度是影响该双频Ku波段圆极化敏感吸波器的圆极化波差异吸收效率的一个重要因素,通过大量实验发现取h=2.5mm时能够更大程度地提高圆极化波差异吸收效率。In this embodiment, the intermediate lossy
图5给出了基于时域有限积分计算对实施例一和实施例二的吸波器进行仿真得到的圆极化波反射率图。从图5中可以看出,左旋圆极化LCP波和右旋圆极化RCP波的反射曲线完全不同,实心矩形曲线描述的是右旋圆极化RCP波的反射率,实心圆形曲线描述的是左旋圆极化LCP波的反射率,在工作波长范围为11~15GHz时,左旋圆极化LCP波的低谷反射率分别为5.8%和8.3%,右旋圆极化RCP波的峰值反射率分别为82.4%和76.6%。FIG. 5 shows the circularly polarized wave reflectivity graphs obtained by simulating the wave absorbers of the first and second embodiments based on the finite integral calculation in the time domain. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the reflection curves of the left-handed circularly polarized LCP wave and the right-handed circularly polarized RCP wave are completely different. The solid rectangular curve describes the reflectivity of the right-handed circularly polarized RCP wave, and the solid circular curve describes is the reflectivity of the left-hand circularly polarized LCP wave. When the operating wavelength range is 11 to 15 GHz, the trough reflectivity of the left-handed circularly polarized LCP wave is 5.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The peak reflection of the right-handed circularly polarized RCP wave The rates were 82.4% and 76.6%, respectively.
图6给出了通过反射率计算出的圆极化波入射时实施例一和实施例二的吸波器的吸收率曲线。当圆极化波入射时,位于底层的金属底板阻碍圆极化波透过,造成圆极化波的零透过率。当圆极化波入射时,实施例一的吸波器和实施例二中单个吸波单元会在12.2GHz和14.4GHz特定的频率上进行谐振,不同的圆极化波在结构表面上引起的感应电流强度不同。左旋圆极化LCP波入射时,在吸收单元结构上引起的表面电流强度明显强于右旋圆极化RCP波,导致的电谐振效应也相对较强。由于结构表面的感应电流方向和金属底板上的表面电流方向相反,因此会引起强烈的磁谐振,强烈的电谐振效应和磁谐振效应使得入射的左旋圆极化LCP波禁锢在中间损耗介质板中,并以中间损耗介质板的介电损耗形式,将左旋圆极化LCP波的电磁能量转化为热能耗散掉,而对右旋圆极化RCP波起到了高效率的反射作用。从而实现了双频段的圆极化敏感吸波器设计。从图6中可以看出,在左旋圆极化LCP波的峰值吸收率为12.2GHz频率处的94.2%和14.4GHz频率处的91.7%,右旋圆极化RCP波的低谷吸收率为12.2GHz频率处的17.6%和14.4GHz频率处的23.4%。FIG. 6 shows the absorption rate curves of the wave absorbers of the first embodiment and the second embodiment when the circularly polarized wave is incident calculated by the reflectivity. When the circularly polarized wave is incident, the metal base plate at the bottom blocks the transmission of the circularly polarized wave, resulting in zero transmittance of the circularly polarized wave. When the circularly polarized wave is incident, the wave absorber in the first embodiment and the single wave absorbing unit in the second embodiment will resonate at specific frequencies of 12.2 GHz and 14.4 GHz, and the different circularly polarized waves on the surface of the structure will cause resonance. The intensity of the induced current is different. When the left-handed circularly polarized LCP wave is incident, the surface current intensity caused by the absorption unit structure is significantly stronger than that of the right-handed circularly polarized RCP wave, and the resulting electrical resonance effect is also relatively strong. Since the direction of the induced current on the surface of the structure is opposite to the direction of the surface current on the metal base plate, it will cause strong magnetic resonance. The strong electric resonance effect and magnetic resonance effect make the incident left-handed circularly polarized LCP wave confined in the intermediate lossy dielectric plate , and in the form of the dielectric loss of the intermediate loss dielectric plate, the electromagnetic energy of the left-handed circularly polarized LCP wave is converted into thermal energy and dissipated, and the right-handed circularly polarized RCP wave has a high-efficiency reflection effect. Thus, a dual-band circular polarization sensitive absorber design is realized. It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the peak absorption rate of the left-hand circularly polarized LCP wave is 94.2% at the frequency of 12.2 GHz and 91.7% at the frequency of 14.4 GHz, and the trough absorption rate of the right-hand circularly polarized RCP wave is 12.2 GHz 17.6% at frequency and 23.4% at 14.4GHz frequency.
图7给出了通过圆极化波吸收率计算出的实施例一和实施例二的吸波器的吸收圆二色性值曲线。图7中,吸收圆二色性值为左旋圆极化LCP波的吸收率减去右旋圆极化RCP波的吸收率,圆二色性值的大小表示为对左旋圆极化LCP波和右旋圆极化RCP波的差异化吸收能力强弱,圆二色性值越大表示对左旋圆极化LCP波和右旋圆极化RCP波的差异化吸收能力就越强。从图7中可以看出,发生的差异化吸收能力最强的工作频率分别为12.2GHz和14.4GHz,实现最大的圆二色性值分别为76.6%和68.3%。FIG. 7 shows the absorption circular dichroism value curves of the absorbers of the first embodiment and the second embodiment calculated by the circularly polarized wave absorptivity. In Figure 7, the absorption circular dichroism value is the absorption rate of the left-hand circularly polarized LCP wave minus the absorption rate of the right-hand circularly polarized RCP wave, and the value of the circular dichroism value is expressed as the sum of the left-hand circularly polarized LCP wave The differential absorption ability of right-handed circularly polarized RCP waves is strong, and the larger the circular dichroism value, the stronger the differential absorption ability of left-handed circularly polarized LCP waves and right-handed circularly polarized RCP waves. From Fig. 7, it can be seen that the operating frequencies where the strongest differential absorption occurs are 12.2 GHz and 14.4 GHz, respectively, and the maximum circular dichroism values are achieved at 76.6% and 68.3%, respectively.
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