CN109671928A - A kind of silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof of MOFs carbonization cladding - Google Patents
A kind of silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof of MOFs carbonization cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109671928A CN109671928A CN201811516689.8A CN201811516689A CN109671928A CN 109671928 A CN109671928 A CN 109671928A CN 201811516689 A CN201811516689 A CN 201811516689A CN 109671928 A CN109671928 A CN 109671928A
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof of MOFs carbonization cladding, when preparation, includes following steps: (1) adding dispersing agent in a solvent, nano-silicon is added in solution and is stirred dispersion;(2) metal salt solution for synthesizing target MOFs and organic ligand solution are added sequentially in the dispersion solution of nano-silicon, it is lasting to stir;(3) it is synthesized according to the specified requirements of synthesis MOFs;(4) the resulting composite material of step (3) is dried, and is carbonized in an inert atmosphere to get the silicon based anode material coated to MOFs carbonization.The relaxation effect to nano-silicon volume change can be effectively realized by the Si-C composite material being carbonized by metal-organic framework materials;MOFs is carbonized in the structure to be formed simultaneously, and the metal nanoparticle of high degree of dispersion is conducive to the promotion of system electric conductivity, to realize the raising of silicon carbon material comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to negative electrode material field technology, refer in particular to a kind of MOFs carbonization cladding silicon based anode material and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is as secondary cell of new generation, in recent years in electric car, energy storage power grid, consumer electronics product
Equal fields have a wide range of applications.The negative electrode material of traditional commercial li-ion used in battery is mainly graphite-like, theoretical ratio
Capacity only has 372 mAh/g, is unable to satisfy the demand currently to high-energy density storage equipment.Silicon is as negative electrode of lithium ion battery
One kind of material, it is considered to be one of most potential height ratio capacity negative electrode material.The height ratio capacity of 4200 mAh/g makes silicon
Being expected to substitution graphite becomes the negative electrode material of a new generation.However silicon as negative electrode material in charge and discharge process, exist serious
Volume change problem (300%), this huge volume change easily cause the silicium cathode material on electrode slice occur dusting,
Phenomena such as coating shedding, influences the service life cycle of material.Simultaneously as the semiconductor property of silicon, electric conductivity is also poor,
It is presented as poor high rate performance.Therefore, for lithium ion battery practical application, silicium cathode material also faces huge choose
War.Researchers mainly coat processing or silicon particle nanosizing by surface to alleviate or reduce the volume of silicon and become at present
Change, avoids the growth repeatedly of the granule atomization and SEI film of silicon materials.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of MOFs carbonizations to wrap
Silicon based anode material covered and preparation method thereof, using orderly, the stable structure of metal-organic framework materials to high degree of dispersion
Nano-silicon coated, be then carbonized by the heat treatment under inert atmosphere conditions, obtain silicon based anode material, simultaneously
Also contain evenly dispersed metal nanoparticle in system, preparation process of the present invention is simple, and condition is controllable.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is using following technical solution:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) dispersing agent is added in a solvent, and nano-silicon is added in solution and is stirred dispersion;
(2) metal salt solution for synthesizing target MOFs and organic ligand solution are added sequentially in the dispersion solution of nano-silicon,
Lasting stirring;
(3) it is synthesized according to the specified requirements of synthesis MOFs;
(4) the resulting composite material of step (3) is dried, and is carbonized is coated to get to MOFs carbonization in an inert atmosphere
Silicon based anode material.
As a preferred embodiment, the dispersing agent in the step (1) is polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, gathers
One or more of vinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
As a preferred embodiment, the solvent in the step (1) is water, in methanol, ethyl alcohol, n,N-Dimethylformamide
One or more.
As a preferred embodiment, the nano-silicon partial size in the step (1) is 50-300 nm, and the mixing time is
6-12 h。
As a preferred embodiment, the metal salt in the step (2) be nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate,
One or more of nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, zirconium chloride, copper nitrate, nickel chloride, cobalt chloride;
As a preferred embodiment, the organic ligand in the step (2) is 2-methylimidazole, imidazoles, terephthalic acid (TPA), equal benzene
One or more of tricarboxylic acid.
As a preferred embodiment, solvent used in the step (2) is water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, N, N- dimethyl formyl
One or more of amine, the mixing time are 6-12 h.
As a preferred embodiment, the synthetic method of the step (3) is to be stored at room temperature synthetic method, one in solvent-thermal method
Kind is several, depending on synthesis MOFs object.
As a preferred embodiment, drying temperature is 60-120 DEG C in the step (4), and the drying time is 8-24
H, the carburizing atmosphere are one or more of nitrogen, helium, argon gas, and the carburizing temperature is 800-1100 DEG C, the carbon
The change time is 4-12h.
A kind of silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, external carbon-coating are got by metal-organic framework materials carbonization,
And it is obtained using a kind of aforementioned preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding.
The present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects compared with the existing technology, specifically, by above-mentioned technical proposal
Known to:
It can effectively be realized by the Si-C composite material being carbonized by metal-organic framework materials to nano-silicon volume change
Relaxation effect;MOFs is carbonized in the structure to be formed simultaneously, and the metal nanoparticle of high degree of dispersion is conducive to system electric conductivity
It is promoted, to realize the raising of silicon carbon material comprehensive performance.
Specific embodiment
Present invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, include following steps:
(1) dispersing agent is added in a solvent, and nano-silicon is added in solution and is stirred dispersion.Dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidine
One in ketone, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Kind is several.Solvent is one or more of water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, n,N-Dimethylformamide.Nano-silicon partial size is 50-300
Nm, the mixing time are 6-12 h.
(2) metal salt solution for synthesizing target MOFs and organic ligand solution are added sequentially to the dispersion solution of nano-silicon
In, it is lasting to stir.Metal salt be nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, zirconium chloride, copper nitrate,
One or more of nickel chloride, cobalt chloride;Organic ligand is 2-methylimidazole, in imidazoles, terephthalic acid (TPA), trimesic acid
One or more.The solvent that this step uses is one or more of water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, n,N-Dimethylformamide, institute
Stating mixing time is 6-12 h.
(3) it is synthesized according to the specified requirements of synthesis MOFs;Synthetic method is to be stored at room temperature synthetic method, in solvent-thermal method
One or more, with specific reference to synthesis MOFs object depending on.
(4) the resulting composite material of step (3) is dried, and is carbonized is carbonized to get to MOFs in an inert atmosphere
The silicon based anode material of cladding.Drying temperature is 60-120 DEG C, and the drying time is 8-24 h, and the carburizing atmosphere is nitrogen
One or more of gas, helium, argon gas, the carburizing temperature are 800-1100 DEG C, and the carbonization time is 4-12h.
Present invention further teaches a kind of silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, external carbon-coating is by metal organic framework
Material carbonization is got, and obtained using a kind of aforementioned preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding.
With multiple embodiments, invention is further described in detail below:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) 200 mg polyvinylpyrrolidones are dissolved in 100 mL methanol, and 100 mg nano-silicons is added and are stirred, held
Continuous 12 h of time.
(2) using methanol as solvent, the 2-methylimidazole of cobalt nitrate solution (0.04 M) and 50 mL of 50 mL is respectively configured
Solution (0.16 M), and be added sequentially in above-mentioned nano-silicon dispersion liquid, persistently stir 6 h.
(3) mixed solution is stood into 24 h in 25 DEG C of constant temperatures.
(4) solid product is obtained by centrifugal treating, dries 12 h under the conditions of 80 DEG C, and carry out carbon in nitrogen atmosphere
Change, the temperature used that is carbonized is 900 DEG C, and be carbonized 6 h of duration.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) 150 mg polyacrylamides are dissolved in 80 mL methanol, and 100 mg nano-silicons is added and are stirred, when continuing
Between 8 h.
(2) using methanol as solvent, the imidazole solution of nickel nitrate solution (0.04 M) and 50 mL of 50 mL is respectively configured
(0.16 M), and be added sequentially in above-mentioned nano-silicon dispersion liquid, persistently stir 6 h.
(3) obtained mixed solution is transferred in 200 mL reaction kettles and is reacted, 140 DEG C of reaction temperature, 12 h.
(4) solid product is obtained by centrifugal treating, dries 12 h under the conditions of 70 DEG C, and carry out carbon in nitrogen atmosphere
Change, the temperature used that is carbonized is 800 DEG C, and be carbonized 8 h of duration.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) 100 mg polyethylene glycol are dissolved in 60 mL n,N-Dimethylformamide, and 80 mg nano-silicons is added and are stirred
It mixes, 6 h of duration.
(2) using n,N-Dimethylformamide as solvent, the chlorination zirconium solution (0.1 M) of 50 mL is respectively configured with 50 mL's
Terephthalic acid solution (0.1 M), and be added sequentially in above-mentioned nano-silicon dispersion liquid, persistently stir 6 h.
(3) obtained mixed solution is transferred in 200 mL reaction kettles and is reacted, 120 DEG C of reaction temperature, 24 h.
(4) solid product is obtained by centrifugal treating, dries 6 h under the conditions of 120 DEG C, and carry out carbon in argon atmosphere
Change, the temperature used that is carbonized is 950 DEG C, and be carbonized 6 h of duration.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) 200 mg polyvinyl alcohol are dissolved in 100 mL methanol, and 100 mg nano-silicons is added and are stirred, the duration
12 h。
(2) using methanol as solvent, the 2-methylimidazole of acetic acid zinc solution (0.04 M) and 50 mL of 50 mL is respectively configured
Solution (0.12 M), and be added sequentially in above-mentioned nano-silicon dispersion liquid, persistently stir 6 h.
(3) obtained mixed solution is stood into 24 h.
(4) solid product is obtained by centrifugal treating, dries 6 h under the conditions of 100 DEG C, and carry out carbon in nitrogen atmosphere
Change, the temperature used that is carbonized is 800 DEG C, and be carbonized 8 h of duration.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, includes following steps:
(1) 100 mg sodium carboxymethylcelluloses are dissolved in 50 mL water, and 80 mg nano-silicons is added and are stirred, when continuing
Between 10 h.
(2) it is the n,N-Dimethylformamide of 1:1 and the mixed solution of ethyl alcohol as solvent using volume ratio, is respectively configured 50
The copper nitrate solution (0.6 M) of mL and the trimesic acid solution (0.2 M) of 50 mL, and it is added sequentially to above-mentioned nano-silicon point
In dispersion liquid, 8 h are persistently stirred.
(3) it seals after obtained mixed solution to be transferred to the round-bottomed flask of 200 mL, is reacted under 85 DEG C of oscillating conditions
24 h。
(4) solid product is obtained by centrifugal treating, dries 12 h under the conditions of 120 DEG C, and carry out in argon atmosphere
Carbonization, the temperature used that is carbonized is 1000 DEG C, and be carbonized 12 h of duration.
The silicon based anode material that MOFs carbonization cladding is made to above-mentioned each embodiment below is tested for the property:
By the silicon based anode material of above-mentioned each resulting MOFs carbonization cladding of embodiment respectively at conductive agent SP, PVDF according to matter
Amount is mixed than 92:4:4, solvent NMP, and stirring is coated in copper foil current collector after forming uniform slurry, drying slice
Obtain battery pole piece.It is that is assembled by CR2032 type button cell and carries out electrochemical property test, normal for electrode with metal lithium sheet
0.1C constant current charge-discharge is carried out under the conditions of temperature, as a result as follows:
Design focal point of the invention is: can be effective by the Si-C composite material being carbonized by metal-organic framework materials
Realize the relaxation effect to nano-silicon volume change;MOFs is carbonized in the structure to be formed simultaneously, the metallic nanoparticle of high degree of dispersion
Son is conducive to the promotion of system electric conductivity, to realize the raising of silicon carbon material comprehensive performance.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the scope of the present invention,
Therefore any subtle modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention, still
Belong in the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, it is characterised in that: include following steps:
(1) dispersing agent is added in a solvent, and nano-silicon is added in solution and is stirred dispersion;
(2) metal salt solution for synthesizing target MOFs and organic ligand solution are added sequentially in the dispersion solution of nano-silicon,
Lasting stirring;
(3) it is synthesized according to the specified requirements of synthesis MOFs;
(4) the resulting composite material of step (3) is dried, and is carbonized is coated to get to MOFs carbonization in an inert atmosphere
Silicon based anode material.
2. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Dispersing agent in the step (1) be polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene,
One or more of lauryl sodium sulfate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
3. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Solvent in the step (1) is one or more of water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, n,N-Dimethylformamide.
4. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Nano-silicon partial size in the step (1) is 50-300 nm, and the mixing time is 6-12 h.
5. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Metal salt in the step (2) is nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, zirconium chloride, nitric acid
One or more of copper, nickel chloride, cobalt chloride.
6. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Organic ligand in the step (2) is one or more of 2-methylimidazole, imidazoles, terephthalic acid (TPA), trimesic acid.
7. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Solvent used in the step (2) is one or more of water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, n,N-Dimethylformamide, the stirring
Time is 6-12h.
8. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The synthetic method of the step (3) is to be stored at room temperature one or more of synthetic method, solvent-thermal method, with specific reference to synthesis MOFs
Depending on object.
9. a kind of preparation method of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step (4) drying temperature be 60-120 DEG C, the drying time be 8-24 h, the carburizing atmosphere be nitrogen, helium,
One or more of argon gas, the carburizing temperature are 800-1100 DEG C, and the carbonization time is 4-12h.
10. a kind of silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding, it is characterised in that: its external carbon-coating is by metal-organic framework materials
Carbonization is got, and using such as a kind of described in any item systems of the silicon based anode material of MOFs carbonization cladding of claim 1-9
Preparation Method is made.
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Application publication date: 20190423 |