CN109113705B - Method for determining permeability distribution of coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone - Google Patents
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining permeability distribution of a coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone, which comprises the following steps: (1) constructing hydraulic fracturing drill holes, performing hydraulic fracturing on coal seams, and monitoring gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing drill holesq 1Estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing; (2) construction flow observation hole and gas flow of monitoring flow observation holeq 2，q 3，…，q n (ii) a (3) Testing holes are drilled outside the hydraulic fracturing affected zone to sample and measure the original permeability of the coal bedk 0Monitoring and testing the gas flow in the holeq 0(ii) a (4) Determining permeability of coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zonek 1，k 2，k 3，…，k n And their distribution rules. According to the method, the permeability and the distribution of the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing are calculated by measuring the flow rate of the gas in the drill holes in the hydraulic fracturing influence area and the arrangement form of the drill holes, so that the permeability distribution of the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing is accurately determined, and the method has important significance for accurately evaluating the hydraulic fracturing effect and reasonably formulating a gas extraction scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining permeability distribution of a coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone, which is particularly suitable for the field of coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing engineering.
Background
The coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing technology is a special coal seam strengthening permeability-increasing measure widely used in a plurality of high gas mines in China at present. The size and the distribution of the permeability of the coal seam after hydraulic fracturing are important bases for evaluating the implementation effect of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing technology, and the method and the device have important significance for formulating gas extraction methods and measures and guaranteeing coal mine safety production.
The main methods for obtaining the permeability of the coal bed comprise a laboratory coal core method and a field direct measurement method, and the conventional laboratory coal core method and the field direct measurement method are not applicable to the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing because the coal body structure is damaged and the stress distribution of the coal body is changed after hydraulic fracturing. At present, the permeability of a coal seam after hydraulic fracturing is mainly obtained by constructing a permeability prediction model according to the principles of hydraulic fracturing fluid injection and pressure drop and substituting the permeability prediction model into related data for calculation, and the method is mainly characterized in that the assumption is excessive during model construction, and the error is large compared with the actual situation; in addition, the distribution of the permeability of the hydraulic fracturing coal bed is mainly obtained by a numerical simulation method, and the basic principle is that the permeability distribution has a certain relation with the water pressure distribution of the coal bed in the water injection process, but no definite determination method is provided for the permeability distribution of the coal bed after the hydraulic fracturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining permeability distribution of a coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone, which directly determines the size and the distribution of the permeability of a coal seam by utilizing the flow rate of drilling gas in the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone and the arrangement form of the drilling holes, provides a basis for judging the effect of coal seam hydraulic fracturing permeability increase, and has important significance for making a gas extraction scheme and ensuring the safety production of a coal mine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for determining permeability distribution of a coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone comprises the following steps,
(1) constructing hydraulic fracturing drill holes, performing hydraulic fracturing on coal seams, and monitoring gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing drill holesq 1Estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing;
(2) designing a flow observation hole arrangement scheme according to the influence range of hydraulic fracturing, constructing flow observation holes according to the arrangement scheme, and monitoring the gas flow of the flow observation holesq 2，q 3，···，q n ；
(3) And drilling a test hole outside the hydraulic fracture affected zone to sample and measure the original permeability of the coal bedk 0Monitoring and testing the gas flow in the holeq 0；
(4) Determining the permeability of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zonek 1，k 2，k 3，···，k n And their distribution rules.
The concrete step of the step (1) is that the radius of the drilled hole in the coal seam construction isrLength ofhThe hole is drilled by hydraulic fracturing, after the construction is finished, the hole is sealed, and the coal seam is subjected to hydraulic fracturing; after hydraulic fracturing is finished, the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline, and the gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing hole is monitored by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 11，q 12，q 13，···，q 19(ii) a And estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing according to the condition and experience of the hydraulic fracturing.
The concrete step of the step (2) is that according to the estimated hydraulic fracturing influence range, the distance between the hydraulic fracturing drill hole and the influence range isd，dThe radius of the flow observation hole is more than or equal to 2 meters, the flow observation hole is arranged along the coal bedrLength ofhThe hole sealing length is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing hole, and the flow observation holes are arrangedn-1; after the construction of the flow observation hole is finished, sealing the hole and merging the hole into an extraction pipeline, and monitoring the gas flow of the flow observation hole by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 21，q 22，q 23，···，q 29；q 31，q 32，q 33，···，q 39；，···；q n1，q n2，q n3，···，q n9。
The concrete step of the step (3) is that the radius of the drilled hole outside the hydraulic fracturing affected zone along the coal seam construction isrLength ofhDrilling a coal sample by using a core drilling machine to manufacture a standard test piece, and placing the standard test piece between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure chamber; passing through a high-precision servo hydraulic pump station according to the magnitude of the ground stress of the test holeApplying corresponding axial pressure to the test pieceσ 1And confining pressureσ 3，σ 1In order to be the maximum principal stress,σ 3reading fluid flow through a flow meter for minimum principal stressqDetermining the original permeability of the test piecek 0，k 0The following calculation formula is used:
in the formula:k 0m is the original permeability of the coal sample2；p 2Is the air inlet pressure;p 1is the outlet pressure;p 2+p 1=2p 0，p 0the original gas pressure of the coal bed is obtained;p sis at atmospheric pressure;qis the gas flow rate, m3/s；μDynamic viscosity at the measured temperature;Lis the effective percolation length of the coal sample, m;Ais the effective seepage cross-sectional area, m, of the coal sample2；
After the construction of the test hole is finished, immediately sealing the hole and merging the hole into the extraction pipeline, wherein the sealing length of the test hole is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing hole; the following method is adopted to monitor the gas flow of the test hole: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 01，q 02，q 03，···，q 09。
The concrete steps of the step (4) are that the coal bed permeability at the hydraulic pressure drilling hole and each flow observation hole is calculated by adopting the formulas (2) to (4):
···
and making a permeability distribution rule graph of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected area according to the permeability determination result of the coal seam of each flow observation hole.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the permeability and the distribution of the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing are calculated by measuring the size of the gas flow of the drill holes in the hydraulic fracturing influence area and the arrangement form of the drill holes according to the principle of the correlation between the permeability and the gas flow of the drill holes, so that the permeability and the distribution of the coal bed after hydraulic fracturing are accurately determined, and the method has important significance for accurately evaluating the hydraulic fracturing effect and reasonably formulating a gas extraction scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a drilling arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the permeability profile of a hydraulic fracture affected zone of a coal seam according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the method for determining the permeability distribution of the hydraulic fracturing affected zone of the coal mine underground coal seam comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing hydraulic fracturing drill holes, performing hydraulic fracturing on coal seams, and monitoring gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing drill holesq 1Estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing;
(2) designing a flow observation hole arrangement scheme according to the influence range of hydraulic fracturing, constructing flow observation holes according to the arrangement scheme, and measuring the gas flow of the flow observation holesq 2，q 3，···，q n ；
(3) Testing holes are drilled outside the hydraulic fracturing affected zone to sample and measure the original permeability of the coal bedk 0Monitoring and testing the gas flow in the holeq 0；
(4) Coal identificationPermeability of zone affected by hydraulic fracturing of stratumk 1，k 2，k 3，···，k n And their distribution rules.
The concrete step of the step (1) is that the radius of the drilled hole in the coal seam construction isrLength ofhAnd (4) hydraulic fracturing drilling, sealing holes after construction is finished and performing hydraulic fracturing on the coal seam. After hydraulic fracturing is finished, the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline, and the gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing hole is monitored by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 11，q 12，q 13，···，q 19. And estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing according to the condition and experience of the hydraulic fracturing.
The concrete step of the step (2) is that according to the estimated hydraulic fracturing influence range, the distance between the hydraulic fracturing drill hole and the influence range isd（dNot less than 2 meters) along the coal seam, the radius of the flow observation hole isrLength ofhThe hole sealing length is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing hole, and the flow observation holes are arrangedn-1. After the construction of the flow observation hole is finished, sealing the hole and merging the hole into an extraction pipeline, and monitoring the gas flow of the flow observation hole by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 21，q 22，q 23，···，q 29；q 31，q 32，q 33，···，q 39；，···；q n1，q n2，q n3，···，q n9。
The concrete step of the step (3) is that the radius of the drilled hole outside the hydraulic fracturing affected zone along the coal seam construction isrLength ofhDrilling a coal sample by using a core drilling machine to manufacture a standard test piece, and placing the test piece between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure chamber; according to the magnitude of the ground stress at the test hole site (σ 1In order to be the maximum principal stress,σ 3for minimum principal stress) applying corresponding axial pressure (to the test piece) by a high-precision servo hydraulic pump stationσ 1) And confining pressure (σ 3) Reading the fluid flow by a flow meter (q) Determining the original permeability of the test piecek 0，k 0The following calculation formula is used:
in the formula:k 0m is the original permeability of the coal sample2；p 2Is the air inlet pressure;p 1is the outlet pressure;p 2+p 1=2p 0，p 0the original gas pressure of the coal bed is obtained;p sis at atmospheric pressure;qis the gas flow rate, m3/s；μDynamic viscosity at the measured temperature;Lis the effective percolation length of the coal sample, m;Ais the effective seepage cross-sectional area, m, of the coal sample2。
And (4) immediately sealing the holes after the construction of the test holes is finished and merging the holes into the extraction pipeline, wherein the sealing length of the test holes is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing holes. The following method is adopted to monitor the gas flow of the test hole: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 01，q 02，q 03，···，q 09。
The concrete steps of the step (4) are that the coal bed permeability at the hydraulic pressure drilling hole and each flow observation hole is calculated by adopting the formulas (2) to (4):
···
and (3) making a permeability distribution diagram 3 of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected area according to the coal seam permeability determination result of each flow observation hole.
The following description will be given by taking the determination of the hydraulic fracturing permeability of a certain coal seam of a certain mine as an example:
step (1): the hydraulic fracturing drill hole 1 is formed along the coal seam construction, the radius of the drill hole is 94mm, the length of the drill hole is 50m, and the hole sealing length is 10 m. And after the construction is finished, hole sealing is carried out, hydraulic fracturing is carried out on the coal seam, the coal seam is merged into an extraction pipeline for gas flow monitoring after the hydraulic fracturing is finished, and the gas flow monitoring data are shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of 1-gas flow of hydraulic fracturing hole
The influence range of the hydraulic fracturing is estimated to be 30m according to the hydraulic fracturing situation and experience.
Step (2): in the range of 30m of an affected zone of hydraulic fracturing, flow observation holes 2-7 are arranged along a coal seam at a distance of 5m from a hydraulic fracturing hole 1, the distance between the observation holes is 5m, the radius is 94mm, the length is 50m, the hole sealing length is 10m, and 6 observation holes are arranged (fig. 2). And after the observation hole construction is finished, sealing the hole and merging the hole into an extraction pipeline for monitoring the gas flow, wherein the gas flow monitoring data are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 Observation hole gas flow statistical table
And (3): and constructing a test hole along the coal seam outside the hydraulic fracturing affected area, wherein the distance between the test hole and the hydraulic fracturing hole is 40m, the diameter of the test hole is 94mm, the length of the test hole is 50m, and the hole sealing length is 10 m. Test hole applicatorCoring and processing into standard test piece for original permeability determination during working processk 0=1.25×10-17m2. And (3) immediately sealing the hole after the construction of the test hole is finished, merging the hole into an extraction pipeline for monitoring the gas flow of the test hole, wherein the gas flow monitoring data are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 statistical table for testing gas flow in hole
And (4): and (3) respectively calculating the coal bed permeability at the hydraulic pressure drilling hole and each flow observation hole by adopting the formulas (2) to (4):
k 1=12.98×10-17m2；k 2=6.82×10-17m2；k 3=4.14×10-17m2；k 4=2.35×10-17m2；k 5=1.75×10-17m2；k 6=1.4×10-17m2；k 7=1.31×10-17m2。
and (3) making a permeability distribution diagram of the coal bed hydraulic fracturing affected zone according to the determination result of the coal bed permeability of the hydraulic fracturing holes and the flow observation holes (figure 3). The size and the distribution rule of the permeability of the coal bed around the hydraulic fracturing holes after hydraulic fracturing can be obtained from the graph 3, and the permeability of the coal bed is distributed in a negative index along with the increase of the distance from the hydraulic fracturing holes; meanwhile, the range of the hydraulic fracture affected zone can be obtained, and the size of the hydraulic fracture affected zone is about 30m basically consistent with the estimated value; and moreover, a corresponding gas extraction drilling arrangement scheme can be designed according to the graph 3, and coal bed gas is effectively extracted to guarantee the safety production of the coal mine.
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the principle of the present invention. Thus, modifications made in accordance with the principles of the present invention should be understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for determining permeability distribution of a coal mine underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zone is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) constructing hydraulic fracturing drill holes, performing hydraulic fracturing on coal seams, and monitoring gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing drill holesq 1Estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing;
(2) designing a flow observation hole arrangement scheme according to the influence range of hydraulic fracturing, constructing flow observation holes according to the arrangement scheme, and monitoring the gas flow of the flow observation holesq 2，q 3，···，q n ；
(3) And drilling a test hole outside the hydraulic fracture affected zone to sample and measure the original permeability of the coal bedk 0Monitoring and testing the gas flow in the holeq 0；
(4) Determining the permeability of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected zonek 1，k 2，k 3，···，k n And the distribution rule thereof;
the concrete steps of the step (4) are that the coal bed permeability at the hydraulic fracturing drill hole and each flow observation hole is calculated by adopting the formulas (2) to (4):
···
and making a permeability distribution rule graph of the coal seam hydraulic fracturing affected area according to the permeability determination result of the coal seam of each flow observation hole.
2. The method for determining the permeability distribution of the hydraulic fracturing influence area of the coal mine underground coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concrete step of the step (1) is that the radius of the drilled hole in the coal seam construction isrLength ofhThe hole is drilled by hydraulic fracturing, after the construction is finished, the hole is sealed, and the coal seam is subjected to hydraulic fracturing; after hydraulic fracturing is finished, the gas is merged into an extraction pipeline, and the gas flow of the hydraulic fracturing hole is monitored by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 11，q 12，q 13，···，q 19(ii) a And estimating the influence range of the hydraulic fracturing according to the condition and experience of the hydraulic fracturing.
3. The method for determining the permeability distribution of the hydraulic fracturing influence area of the coal mine underground coal seam according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the concrete step of the step (2) is that according to the estimated hydraulic fracturing influence range, the distance between the hydraulic fracturing drill hole and the influence range isd，dThe radius of the flow observation hole is more than or equal to 2 meters, the flow observation hole is arranged along the coal bedrLength ofhThe hole sealing length is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing hole, and the flow observation holes are arrangedn-1; after the construction of the flow observation hole is finished, sealing the hole and merging the hole into an extraction pipeline, and monitoring the gas flow of the flow observation hole by adopting the following method: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 21，q 22，q 23，···，q 29；q 31，q 32，q 33，···，q 39；，···；q n1，q n2，q n3，···，q n9。
4. The hydraulic pressure of coal mine underground coal seam according to claim 1The crack influence zone permeability distribution determination method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the concrete step of the step (3) is that the radius of the drilled hole outside the hydraulic fracturing affected zone along the coal seam construction isrLength ofhDrilling a coal sample by using a core drilling machine to manufacture a standard test piece, and placing the standard test piece between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a pressure chamber; applying corresponding axial pressure to the test piece through a high-precision servo hydraulic pump station according to the magnitude of the ground stress of the test hole siteσ 1And confining pressureσ 3，σ 1In order to be the maximum principal stress,σ 3reading fluid flow through a flow meter for minimum principal stressqDetermining the original permeability of the test piecek 0，k 0The following calculation formula is used:
in the formula:k 0m is the original permeability of the coal sample2；p 2Is the air inlet pressure;p 1is the outlet pressure;p 2+p 1=2p 0，p 0the original gas pressure of the coal bed is obtained;p sis at atmospheric pressure;qis the gas flow rate, m3/s；μDynamic viscosity at the measured temperature;Lis the effective percolation length of the coal sample, m;Ais the effective seepage cross-sectional area, m, of the coal sample2；
After the construction of the test hole is finished, immediately sealing the hole and merging the hole into the extraction pipeline, wherein the sealing length of the test hole is consistent with that of the hydraulic fracturing hole; the following method is adopted to monitor the gas flow of the test hole: monitoring the gas flow for 1-9 days, monitoring the gas flow for 3 times every day at intervals of 8 hours, and averaging to obtain the gas flowq 01，q 02，q 03，···，q 09。
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| CN110426501A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-08 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | A method of a layer hydraulic fracturing coverage is worn based on the determination of salinity measurement method |
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