CN108722384B - 一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的制备方法。所述方法包括:本发明制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花由超薄锐钛矿相纳米片自组装成的,且富含大量氧空位。本发明的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料是一种高效,稳定的光电转化材料,采用溶剂热法制备,制备过程简单,反应条件容易控制,适用于大规模制备和工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花及其制备方法,属于纳米材料和半导体氧化物材料技术以及光催化领域。
背景技术
近年来,由于二氧化钛纳米花具有较大的特殊比表面积、较好的结晶取向以及较好的光生载流子分离性能,被广泛应用于光催化领域。但是,二氧化钛纳米花较宽的禁带宽度(3.2eV),导致其只能吸收紫外光,严重限制其光催化性能。目前,科研工作者提出不同的策略来拓宽二氧化钛纳米花的光吸收范围,如贵金属修饰、金属或非金属离子掺杂以及窄带隙半导体复合等策略都被成功的报道,并且都使二氧化钛纳米花在可见光区具备较好的光催化活性。目前,在二氧化钛纳米材料中引入缺陷的方式来拓宽其光吸收范围被认为是一种有效的途径。比如在二氧化钛晶格中引入氧空位可以拓宽其光吸收范围,其原因是,引入氧空位会在二氧化钛价带附近形成浅施主能级,这意味着可见光区的光子也可以激发富氧空位缺陷的二氧化钛,有效的拓宽其在可见光区的吸收范围。因此,在二氧化钛纳米花晶体中引入氧空位是一种非常有效提高二氧化钛光催化活性的策略。
目前,报道了很多方法制备二氧化钛纳米花材料,主要有气相法、水热法、化学沉淀法、水解法、溶胶-凝胶法和微乳液法等。但是,在二氧化钛纳米花中引入氧空位的制备方法还未有报道,因此,有必要开发一种简单方便的方法制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花。本文采用一步简单的溶剂热方法将氧空位引入到二氧化钛纳米花中。该方法具有制备简单方便,氧空位浓度可控和产物纯度高,以及二氧化钛纳米花尺寸可控等优点。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对上述问题,提供一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花及其制备方法,该方法制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花解决了现有技术中二氧化钛光吸收弱,导致其光催化效率低下以及制备的二氧化钛纳米花单分散性差和产物尺寸分布较宽的问题。
本发明采用以下技术方案:一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的制备方法,该方法为:先将异丙醇加入到二乙烯三胺中,搅拌均匀,再加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯,搅拌均匀,倒入反应釜中,在150~220℃条件下热处理12~36小时,洗涤,干燥,得到富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料。
进一步地,异丙醇、二乙烯三胺和二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯的体积比为1260~2520:1~10:45~360。
进一步地,异丙醇、二乙烯三胺和二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯的体积比为1260:1:45,反应温度为200℃,反应时间为24小时。
一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花,由二氧化钛纳米片组成,所述二氧化钛纳米片为锐钛矿相,厚度2~9nm。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供一种简单的制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料的制备方法,简单方便地在二氧化钛纳米花中引入大量氧空位,可以通过调节二乙烯三胺的加入量来优化其尺寸与形貌。该富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料由锐钛矿相二氧化钛纳米片自组装形成以及具有三维分级结构,可以拓展二氧化钛纳米花可见光的吸收范围,增加光的多次散射性能,快速转移光电子和增加更多的吸附位点和反应位点。另外一方面,富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花含大量的氧空位,这些氧空位可以拓宽其在可见光区的吸收范围,进而提高了其光催化性能。此外,本材料制备方法简单、纳米花分级结构与尺寸易控制和利于工业化生产。因此,本发明大大降低了二氧化钛纳米花的生产成本以及显著提高了其光催化性能,具备极大的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。
图2是实施例1所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片。
图3是实施例1所制备富氧空位二氧化钛的X射线衍射图(XRD)。
图4是实施例1所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)。
图5是实施例2所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。
图6是实施例3所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。
图7是实例5中所制备富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花作为光催化剂时光解水产氢曲线图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。以下实施例用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
在31.5mL异丙醇中加入二乙烯三胺(EDTA)0.025mL,搅拌10min。再往溶液中再加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯1.125mL。继续搅拌10min。将所得混合溶液倒入反应釜中,在200℃条件下溶剂热处理24小时。反应结束后将沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇分别洗涤三次,置于60℃烘箱中,干燥24小时,得到富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料。
图1、2分别是实例1所制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的扫描电子显微镜图片(SEM)和透射电子显微镜图片(TEM),从图中可以清楚的看出富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的尺寸为500~1000nm,其由超薄二氧化钛纳米片自组装形成,纳米片厚度为2~9nm。
图3为实例1所制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的X射线衍射图(XRD),由图可以看出该材料衍射图和标准锐钛矿相二氧化钛的特征峰相符合。
图4为实例1所制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的顺磁共振谱(EPR)图,由图可以看出,所制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花富含大量氧空位。
实施例2:
往31.5mL异丙醇溶液加入二乙烯三胺(EDTA)0.05mL,搅拌10min。往溶液中再加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯1.125mL。继续搅拌10min。将所得混合溶液倒入反应釜中,在150℃条件下溶剂热处理36小时。反应结束后将沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇分别洗涤三次,置于60℃烘箱中,干燥24小时,得到富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料。
图5为实例2所制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的扫描电子显微镜图片(SEM),从图中可以看出,二氧化钛纳米花的尺寸为100~300nm,其由超薄二氧化钛纳米片自组装形成,纳米片厚度为2~9nm,相比于实施例1获得的二氧化钛纳米花,尺寸明显变小。进一步的,对该产物进行了XRD测试和EPR测试,结果表明,该材料为锐钛矿,富含大量氧空位。
实施例3:
往31.5mL异丙醇溶液中加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯1.125mL。搅拌10min。将所得混合溶液倒入反应釜中,在200℃条件下溶剂热处理24小时。反应结束后将沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇分别洗涤三次,置于60℃烘箱中,干燥24小时,得到样品。
图6为该实例所制备样品的扫描电子显微镜图片(SEM),从图中明显可以,在制备过程中未加入二乙烯三胺,所制备的二氧化钛未形成分级结构,而是以颗粒的形式存在,表明富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的形貌与尺寸可以通二乙烯三胺的加入量来控制。
实施例4:
在31.5mL异丙醇中加入二乙烯三胺(EDTA)0.025mL,搅拌10min。再往溶液中再加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯1.125mL。继续搅拌10min。将所得混合溶液倒入反应釜中,在220℃条件下溶剂热处理12小时。反应结束后将沉淀物用去离子水和无水乙醇分别洗涤三次,置于60℃烘箱中,干燥24小时,得到富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料。
所得到的材料为纳米花结构,二氧化钛纳米花的尺寸为500~1000nm,其由超薄二氧化钛纳米片自组装形成,纳米片厚度为2~9nm,对该产物进行了XRD测试和EPR测试,结果表明,该材料为锐钛矿,富含大量氧空位。
实施例5:
本发明制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花纳米材料可作为高效光催化分解水产氢的光催化剂,具体实验过程如下:在全光谱下,取实施例1制备的富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花50mg超声分散在30%(v/v)甲醇溶液100mL,抽真空,光照时间每隔1小时取样一次,用气相色谱检测气体。最后,绘制出富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花光催化剂在模拟光源下光催化分解水产氢曲线图,如图7所示,由该图可知,在模拟光激发下富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花对水分解产氢具有优异的效果。光照5小时,产氢量为120.5μmol/g。
Claims (3)
1. 一种富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法为:先将异丙醇加入到二乙烯三胺中,搅拌均匀,再加入二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯,搅拌均匀,倒入反应釜中,在150~220 ℃条件下热处理12~36小时,洗涤,干燥,得到富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料,所述富氧空位二氧化钛纳米花材料由二氧化钛纳米片组成,所述二氧化钛纳米片为锐钛矿相,厚度2~9 nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,异丙醇、二乙烯三胺和二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯的体积比为1260~2520:1~10:45~360。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,异丙醇、二乙烯三胺和二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯的体积比为1260:1:45,反应温度为200 ℃,反应时间为24小时。
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