CN108691627B - 用于确定流体的配给***中的量偏差的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于识别特别是机动车的内燃机的流体的配给***(100–165)中的量偏差的方法,在所述配给***中,布置至少一个用于输送流体的输送泵(125)以及至少一个用于探测所述配给***(100–165)中的流体压力的压力传感器(135),其中特别地规定,执行(205)流体的试验配量,检测(210)配给***(100–165)中的时间上的压力下降,将检测到的时间上的压力下降与理论上待期望的压力下降(215)进行比较(220),并且根据所述比较的结果确定(225)所述配给***(100–165)的量偏差。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于识别特别是机动车的内燃机的流体的或液压的配给***中的量偏差的方法,在所述配给***中,布置至少一个用于输送流体的输送泵以及至少一个用于探测配给***中的压力的压力传感器。此外,本发明涉及一种计算机程序、一种用于存储所述计算机程序的可机读的数据载体以及一种电子控制设备,借助它们能够执行根据本发明的方法。
背景技术
为了限制机动车的有害物质排放,所允许的极限值在世界范围内一直在下降。目前,已修改的排放立法(例如欧6)以及新的测试循环(WLTP:全球统一轻型车测试程序或RDE:实际驾驶排放,预计自2017年起)更进一步降低了该允许的值。只有具有有效的废气后处理的所有车辆类别才能遵守该极限值。
SCR(选择性催化还原)配给***的Denoxtronic(DNOX)用于将所谓的“AdBlue”,32.5%的尿素溶于水的尿素水溶液(HWL)喷入SCR催化器之前的废气流中。尿素通过热分解作用和水解作用转换为氨。在所述SCR催化器中,氨将氮氧化物还原为水和氮气。
在具有SCR***的现代柴油马达中,借助于所述DNOX尿素配给***显著降低了NOx原排放。未来的DNOX***包括容积输送泵或输送模块以及压力传感器。所述***完全受控地运行并且能够使得未使用的AdBlue溶液回流到所述储箱中。输送泵通常是构造原理类似或工作方式类似的容积式泵。因此,在了解排量时能够相对简单地确定(输送泵)质量流量。
DE 10 2013 218 897 A1说明了一种用于对此处涉及的配给***进行量监控的方法,在所述方法中,能够识别所述输送泵的输送效率的偏差以及管路***可能的泄漏。量监控的精确性在这种情况下主要通过管路***的变化着的机械或流体刚性确定。所述刚性也取决于所使用的***部件的老化以及制造公差,并不知晓或无法预测或者利用相对较高的成本才能探测所述***部件的老化以及制造公差对刚性的影响。
此外,DE 10 2013 207 867 B4说明了一种用于诊断配给阀的方法,在所述方法中,试剂的在诊断配给期间出现的压力下降通过与阈值进行比较来评估。在超过所述阈值时,识别配给阀的故障。根据实验探测所述待期望的压力下降。
发明内容
本发明基于以下认识,在此处涉及的配备有输送泵、压力传感器和用于将相应的流体回流到储箱中的回流装置的流体的或液压的配给***中,特别基于输送泵的内部泄漏,在配给流体时利用目前使用的不具有所需精确性的方法识别量偏差。
所提及的本身已知的配给***仅具有非常有限的确定或识别这种量偏差的可能性。这需要对各个***部件进行非常精确的制造并且/或者对其他参量、例如***机械刚性进行成本较高的计算。在进行这些计算时不利的是,***刚性的结果会被输送泵的内部泄漏显著影响。此外,内部泄漏在泵的寿命周期内会发生改变。
在所提出的用于在此处涉及的配给***中确定或识别这种量偏差的方法中,特别规定,对流体执行试验配量或试验喷射,并且根据时间对配给***中的压力下降进行检测。将如此检测或测量的压力下降与理论上待期望的压力下降进行比较。特别根据分析性近似解法对理论上待期望的压力下降进行计算,所述分析性近似解法与在所提及的试验配量中得出的压力下降对应。优选作为近似解法以取决于试验配量的测量持续时间或取决于相应的喷射器的打开持续时间的时间上的压力曲线的数学级数展开为基础。在预先给定了相对较短的测量持续时间的情况下,级数展开通过自第二阶起删除级数项来线性地逼近。根据结果的比较能够确定量偏差。
在所提出的方法中此外能够规定,作为分析性近似解法以下述公式为基础,所述公式分析性地对配给***中在试验配量之后的流体压力下降进行了说明,所述试验配量以持续时间△t在时间点t=0时进行:
其中p1表示所述试验配量前的初始压力,AV表示执行所述试验配量的喷射器的横截面积,AD表示回流节流阀的横截面积和泵泄漏面积,k表示所述配给***的压缩性并且ρ表示流体的密度。
作为比较的结果,也能够推断出哪些***参数对试验喷射的结果具有最强的影响。在改进此处涉及的具有降低的制造公差的泵和/或回流装置的配给***时,能够利用在进行所述比较时得到的***参数。由此,此外总体上显著减少了成本。
借助所提出的方法,能够有利地将此处涉及的输送泵、特别是容积式泵、例如所谓的“COR”泵的制造公差对所述泵的运行的影响最小化,所述输送泵具有内部泄漏和外部回流。因此,最终也显著减少了输送泵的制造成本。
本发明能够在所有流体的或液压的配给***中使用,特别是在所提及的SCR废气后处理***中使用。优选的使用领域为申请人未来的“Denoxtronic”配给***,所述“Denoxtronic”配给***既应当在载客车中又应当在载货车中使用。
根据本发明的计算机程序设立用于执行所述方法的每个步骤,特别是当其在计算设备或控制设备上运行时。计算机程序实现了在电子控制设备上执行根据本发明的方法,而无须在该电子控制设备上进行结构上的改动。对此,设置可机读的数据载体,在所述数据载体上存储有根据本发明的计算机程序。通过将根据本发明的计算机程序装载到电子控制设备上,得到了根据本发明的电子控制设备,所述电子控制设备设立用于借助根据本发明的方法控制此处涉及的流体的配给***。
本发明的其他优点和设计方案可由说明书及附图中得出。
显而易见的是,前面提及的以及下述仍要说明的特征不仅能够在各个给出的组合中而且能够以其他组合或分开地进行使用,而不会离开本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1示出了根据现有技术的SCR催化器***的HWL配给***的框图;
图2示出了在配给此处涉及的流体时的典型的压力曲线;并且
图3借助流程图示出了根据本发明的方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
下面所说明的、用于DNOX***的扩展的量偏差识别尤其能够在具有内部泄漏和外部回流的容积式泵、例如在所提及的“COR”泵中使用。
如在图1中以SCR催化器***为例示意性示出的那样,在借助将“AdBlue”或HWL配入废气流而对内燃机进行废气后处理时,使用配备有输送单元和喷射器的配给***。在很多情况下,在此也设置回流到AdBlue储箱中的回流装置。为了确保这些***与废气立法一致的运行,必须对AdBlue的量进行监测,所述量被配入排气系。
机动车的图1中所示的本身已知的流体的配给***包括配给模块100,所述配给模块具有当前可定时控制的配给阀105。在储箱110中存储的HWL流体115借助泵模块120、具体而言通过输出管路117、主管路118以及输入管路119输入配给模块100。泵模块120包括输送泵125以及回输泵130,所述回输泵具有布置在主管路118区域内的压力传感器135。所述压力传感器135通过信号线或控制线140与控制设备145连接。所述回输泵130与以主管路118为起点的回输管路131连接,其中通过与所述储箱110连接或通入所述储箱110中的回输管路132引导例如待引回到所述储箱110中的多余的流体。
在本实施例中构造为膜片式泵的输送泵125从所述储箱110中吸入HWL流体115并且将其压缩到雾化所需的4.5至8.5bar的***压力。所述配给模块100对NOx还原所需的HWL量进行配量并且将其雾化到(未示出的)废气流中,具体而言在SCR催化器之前。配给和加热策略以及车载诊断的控制通过(未示出的)马达控制设备或在图1中示出的控制设备145进行。通过对当前的马达运行数据以及所有必需的传感器数据进行处理,以本身已知的方式借助调节使还原剂的量与内燃机的运行点和催化器特定的性能相协调,以最大化地转换氮氧化物。
需要说明的是,用于配给剂运行的所提及的配给阀105通过控制线107以已知方式由控制设备145操控。
在储箱110中布置传感器150,所述传感器通过信号线或控制线155与控制设备145连接。所述传感器150特别用于将流体115必要时存在的低液位传达到控制设备145,以便车辆驾驶员必要时能够再填充所述流体。输送泵125以及回输泵130也通过两个其他的信号线或控制线160,165与控制设备145连接,以通过已知方式对所述两个用于配给运行的泵125,130进行操控。
为了允许之后的配给***,必须借助所谓的“消耗偏差监控”(ConsumptionDeviation Monitoring:CDM)对35%的量偏差进行识别。本身已知的***仅受条件限制地具有识别该量偏差的可能性并且需要非常精确地制造各个***部件并且/或者对其他参数进行复杂计算(刚性确定)。具体地,由于当前采用的刚性确定,在具有容积式泵的***中需承受泵发生内部泄漏的后果的相关性。由于所述内部泄漏可能在寿命周期内发生较大变化,因此按照如今的知识水平,不可能减少并限制所述内部泄漏。
根据下面所说明的、压力下降在流体试验喷射时间内的分析性近似解法,能够探测出哪些***参数对试验喷射的结果有主要影响。通过将分析性解法与存在的并且之后呈流体或液压形式的部件进行***化的结合,能够通用地并且精确性较高地对简单的功能进行使用。这实现了泵和回流装置的制造公差的下降并且因此实现了成本的减少。
以下公式(1)分析性地说明了例如在HWL配给***中在t=0时进行的配给试验喷射之后的流体的或液压的压力下降:
按照公式(1),配给过程近似地作为打开/测量持续时间△t中的级数展开而得到,具体而言取决于以下参数:
打开前的初始压力:p1
喷射器(阀)的横截面积:AV
回流节流阀的横截面积以及泵泄漏面积:AD
***压缩性:k
以及Adblue密度:ρ。
在图2中,根据借助喷射器对HWL溶液进行配给时的典型圧力曲线300示出了公式(1)中各个参数之间的质量关系。在相对较短的例如0.2s的时间窗口△t中,在压力下降p1-p(△t)305时,以初始值p1为出发点产生了近似于直线的圧力曲线310。在假定***压缩性k升高时,曲线300在上部箭头示出的方向上向右上方移动。在假定回流节流阀AD的横截面积扩大时,右侧流出区域中的圧力曲线300在下部箭头示出的方向上向上方移动。
在确定量偏差时,现在将所测量的压力下降与理论上待期望的压力下降进行比较。在本身已知的配给***(DNOX2.2,DNOX6.x)中,必须确定***压缩性k的精确值,以便能够总体上解出公式(1)。该值然而仅取决于参数AD获得。因此,仅在足够精确地知晓AD的配给***中由此实现精确性收益。在具有容积式泵的配给***中,参数AD然而也包括该泵的内部泄漏。若放弃刚性确定并且若通过参考测量确定所期望的压力下降,则仅在测量持续时间的第二阶中出现参数AD。
本方法基于以下概念:能够通过足够短的配给或测量时间忽略公式(1)中第二级数项或项(回流及泵泄漏)的影响。此外,相对较短的配给时间的另一优点在于,在试验喷射期间有效防止或至少减少了AdBlue无意地进入排气系中。
作为缩短测量时间的替代方案,在用于消除第二级数项的本方法中也能够规定,例如借助压力阻尼器、气垫的使用或借助柔性管路提高***的压缩性k。
图3中示出了根据本发明的方法的实施例。在所示出的程序的启动200之后,首先执行205试验喷射,并且检测或测量210之后进行的配给***中的压力下降。基于配给***中在所述试验喷射前不久检测的初始或起始压力p1,例如根据公式(1)计算理论上待期望的圧力曲线。根据步骤210检测的圧力曲线以及根据步骤215计算的圧力曲线在步骤220中相互比较,并且在确定量偏差时,根据产生的差别接下来探测225用于所述量偏差的值。若在测试步骤220中未确定量偏差,则再次跳回到程序的起点,例如到步骤205前,以重新执行所述程序。作为替代方案,所述程序也能够首先被再次结束并且接下来在必要时被重新启动200。
接下来为此说明了计算示例,正如能够由所提及的差别中探测用于所述量偏差的绝对值或正如能够将测量数据与分析性公式(1)进行比较那样。在此,首先通过圧力曲线的曲线曲率确定:以所需精确性的按照公式(1)的线性逼近是否可能。对此,将圧力曲线的根的离散第二导数与圧力曲线的根的斜度的商与阈值进行比较。若超过该阈值,则必须为了对圧力曲线进行时间离散而使用更小的时间步。一旦到达了时间步,利用所述时间步保持在阈值以下,则允许线性逼近公式(1)并且变为:
圧力曲线的根的所测量的斜度因此与配给阀的横截面成比例,所述横截面是用于所配给的量的量度。因此能够识别配给不足,当斜度过于偏离之前测量的参考斜度:
所测量的斜度与参考斜度的商按照上述公式等同于以下复合参量:
所说明的方法能够以用于电子控制设备的控制程序的形式实现或以一个或多个相应的电子控制单元(ECU)的形式实现,所述电子控制设备用于控制内燃机。
Claims (6)
1.用于识别流体的配给***(100 – 165)中的量偏差的方法,在所述配给***中,布置至少一个用于输送流体的输送泵(125)以及至少一个用于探测配给***(100 – 165)中流体压力的压力传感器(135),其特征在于,执行(205)流体的试验配量,检测(210)配给***(100 – 165)中的时间上的压力下降,将检测到的时间上的压力下降与理论上待期望的压力下降(215)进行比较(220),并且根据所述比较的结果确定(225)所述配给***(100 –165)的量偏差,作为比较的结果附加地推断出:所述配给***(100 – 165)的哪些***参数对所述试验配量的结果具有最强的影响。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据分析性近似解法对理论上待期望的时间上的压力下降(215)进行计算,所述分析性近似解法与在试验配量时理论上得出的压力下降对应。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,作为分析性近似解法以取决于试验配量的持续时间的时间上的压力曲线的数学级数展开为基础,并且在预先给定了试验配量的相对较短的持续时间的情况下,数学级数展开通过自第二阶起删除级数项来线性地逼近。
5.可机读的数据载体,在所述可机读的数据载体上存储计算机程序,所述计算机程序设立用于执行根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法的每个步骤。
6.电子控制设备(145),所述电子控制设备设立用于:借助根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法控制流体的配给***,在所述配给***中,布置至少一个用于输送流体(115)的输送泵(125)以及至少一个用于探测配给***中的流体压力的压力传感器(135)。
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