CN108591406A - A kind of contiuously variable transmission - Google Patents
A kind of contiuously variable transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN108591406A CN108591406A CN201810551155.2A CN201810551155A CN108591406A CN 108591406 A CN108591406 A CN 108591406A CN 201810551155 A CN201810551155 A CN 201810551155A CN 108591406 A CN108591406 A CN 108591406A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/12—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types
- F16H37/124—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of contiuously variable transmissions, it is related to internal combustion engine speed changer field, it is complicated for traditional automatic transmission, shift is slow, easily skid, wear the problems such as big, it is rotatablely connected using change pulley and internal combustion engine or motor output shaft, switching mechanism one end is connect with change pulley and switching mechanism one end can change the relative position with the change pulley center of circle, the other end of switching mechanism is connect with speed change ratchet, the circle rotation of change pulley can be moved and be converted into straight reciprocating motion and pass to speed change ratchet by switching mechanism, straight reciprocating motion is converted by speed change ratchet the technical solution of circular motion output again.The program does not rub transmission, not will produce skidding, and power transmission efficiency is high, and loss is small, simple in structure, at low cost, convenient for assembling and maintenance, has extensive promotion prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine speed changer field, more particularly to a kind of contiuously variable transmission.
Background technology
Automatic gearbox for vehicle mainly has the shortcomings that AT gearboxes and CVT gearboxes and its modified, AT gearboxes at present
It is that transmission effect is not high, shift is slow, and oil consumption is higher, often occurs shift pause and transition in rhythm or melody in the process of moving.The shortcomings that CVT gearboxes：Therefore
Barrier rate is relatively high, and the cost is relatively high, the limited strength that the steel band of transmission can be born, it is impossible to be used in height output engine,
Fierceness drives the too fast steel band that can lead to transmission of speed-raising and skids, and unstable wear, CVT belongs to frictional drive, and friction generates a large amount of
Heat, the longer temperature of steel strips that can lead to transmission of running time is excessively high and skids, damages, so CVT gearboxes are equipped with Thermal protection
Pattern, by reducing speed at reducing the generation of heat.The control system of CVT gearboxes is very complicated, need through speed and
The variation of each sensor signal is supplied to computerized control system, and computerized control system calculates two belt wheels according to data
Diameter, the oil pressure for then controlling two belt wheels achieve the purpose that variable speed to change the consecutive variations of pulley diameters, simultaneously also
Ensure that the elasticity of steel belt is appropriate, excessively loose frictional force deficiency has skidded phenomenon, and then frictional force is big for tension, transmission efficiency
Decline, accelerates the abrasion of belt wheel and steel band.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of contiuously variable transmission, realization is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of contiuously variable transmission, including change pulley, switching mechanism and speed change ratchet；
The change pulley is rotatablely connected with internal combustion engine or motor output shaft, and switching mechanism one end is connect with change pulley and interpreter
Structure one end can change the relative position with the change pulley center of circle, and the other end of switching mechanism is connect with speed change ratchet, switching mechanism
The circle rotation of change pulley can be moved and be converted into straight reciprocating motion and pass to the speed change ratchet, then by the speed change
Straight reciprocating motion is converted into circular motion output by ratchet.
Preferably, the change pulley includes change gear, connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail and connection rod of gear shifting seat；
The connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail is radially fixed to be arranged in change gear side, and across the center of circle of change gear；
It is slidably provided with connection rod of gear shifting seat on connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail；
The switching mechanism includes connection rod of gear shifting, rod teeth, the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing, connection rod of gear shifting bearing, conversion gear, turns
Change wheel shaft；
One end of the connection rod of gear shifting is hinged with connection rod of gear shifting seat；Connection rod of gear shifting is provided with rod teeth on one side；Connection rod of gear shifting is another
End is threaded through in the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing, and connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing upper end is fixedly installed connection rod of gear shifting bearing, and speed change connects
Rod bearing pedestal lower end is connect by converting wheel shaft with conversion gear, and conversion gear is intermeshed with the rod teeth, the change
The fast connecting-rod bearing is at the top of the connection rod of gear shifting；The connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing can do circumference fortune along conversion wheel shaft
It is dynamic；
The speed change ratchet is that ratchet periphery is provided with the gear teeth, the structure of pawl disk is provided in ratchet, the conversion gear is also
It is intermeshed with the gear teeth of the speed change ratchet.
Preferably, further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connection rod of gear shifting seat is connect with connecting rod base regulating device, passes through company
Pole socket regulating device can realize that connection rod of gear shifting seat is slided along connection rod of gear shifting seat rail length direction.Connecting rod base regulating device can
To be manual operation, it can also be that adjustment is realized in electronic, hydraulic pressure or air pressure, justify by adjusting connection rod of gear shifting seat and change gear
The relative position of the heart can adjust output rotating speed.
Preferably, the connecting rod base regulating device includes motor and leading screw, the motor and connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail
It is fixedly connected, motor output shaft is fixedly connected with leading screw, and leading screw is threadedly coupled with connection rod of gear shifting seat.Pass through motor forward/backward rotation
Drive leading screw positive and negative rotation, leading screw that connection rod of gear shifting seat is driven to be moved on connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail again, you can adjustment connection rod of gear shifting seat
Change the output arm of force with the relative position in the change gear center of circle.
Preferably, further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connecting rod base regulating device includes internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder, speed change
Hydraulic cylinder piston rod, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder, change gear shaft, bearing sleeve, bearing
Sleeve control shaft, piston cylinder bearing, Y shape control sheet, control axis hole, mounting hole, control hole；
The other side of the change gear has been wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel, and outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel one end passes through hydraulic cylinder
Conduit is connected to internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder, and compensator pressure cylinder piston rod, speed change liquid are slidably provided in internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder
Pressure cylinder piston bar one end is connect with connection rod of gear shifting seat；
Hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder is slidably provided in outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder can be in outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel
In do reciprocating motion of the pistons；
Hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder periphery fixing sleeve is equipped with piston cylinder bearing, and piston cylinder bearing periphery is arranged with bearing sleeve, bearing holder (housing, cover)
It is fixedly installed bearing sleeve control shaft on cylinder；
Bearing sleeve control shaft is movably threaded through in the control axis hole of Y shape control sheet both sides, is offered in Y shape control sheet solid
Determine hole and control hole.
Preferably, the control axis hole is elongated slot pore structure, and the hole length direction is consistent with Y shape control sheet length direction；
The mounting hole is rotatably provided in rotating pin, pulls Y shape control sheet to rotate energy along rotating pin by control hole
Realize the Bit andits control to hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder.
Preferably, the switching mechanism and speed change ratchet at least respectively include two sets, and two sets of switching mechanisms are with speed change
Wheel is that the position of plane is arranged in a mutually vertical manner.
Preferably, the speed change ratchet includes ratchet, the gear teeth, the first pawl disk, the second pawl disk, the first pawl, second
Pawl, the first ratchet part, the second ratchet part, ball, ratchet shaft, the second pawl disk bevel gear, tooth sector, pawl disk gear；
Ratchet excircle is provided with the gear teeth；The first ratchet part and the second ratchet part are equipped in ratchet, the two is distributed in ratchet both sides；
Ratchet both sides are respectively arranged with the first pawl disk and the second pawl disk, are provided with the first pawl on the first pawl disk, and second
The second pawl is provided on pawl disk；
The ratchet, the first pawl disk, the second pawl disk three are arranged concentrically；
It is fixedly installed the second pawl disk bevel gear on the outside of second pawl disk, the second pawl disk bevel gear is mutually nibbled with tooth sector
It closes, tooth sector is engaged with pawl disk gear again；
First pawl disk, the second pawl disk, pawl disk gear three are connected with each other by ratchet shaft.
Preferably, the tooth sector and pawl disk gear are bevel gear, not only small using bevel gear, moreover it is possible to have
Effect turns to.
Preferably, further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connecting rod base regulating device includes internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder, speed change
Hydraulic cylinder piston rod, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe, internal piston block, spring, venthole, change gear shaft；
Change gear shaft is arranged in change pulley；
The change gear other side has been wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel, and outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel one end is led by hydraulic cylinder
Pipe is connect with internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder, and compensator pressure cylinder piston rod, compensator pressure are slidably provided in internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder
Cylinder piston rod one end is connect with connection rod of gear shifting seat；
Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel is internally provided with internal piston block and spring, and spring is living by inside by elastic force under static state
Chock is pushed to change gear axis direction；
Venthole is begun between outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel and change gear shaft；
The quality of the internal piston block be much larger than compensator pressure cylinder piston rod and connection rod of gear shifting seat quality sum, in order to
Sufficiently large centrifugal force compressed spring and hydraulic oil are generated when rotation.
Advantageous effect of the present invention includes：
Torque is all transmitted using engagement, do not rub transmission, not will produce skidding, and power transmission efficiency is high, and loss is small.Structure
Simply, at low cost.
Engine exports rotating speed under any rotating speed and can be adjusted from zero, driven end and drive end rotating ratio also from 0 gradually
It rises, for rotating ratio close to 0, output torque is maximum when starting, while can also further be increased by improving the rotating speed of engine
Big breakaway torque, increasing breakaway torque can be such that starting is more prone to, and keep the reaction force that engine is subject to small, will not be to starting
Machine and vehicle cause to impact, especially highly beneficial to the starting of loaded vehicle.Because output rotating speed cannot be mutated, tune can make from zero
Step is gentler.
Engine speed and output rotating speed can be with separate regulations, to adapt to different loading capacity and different road conditions to output
The demand of torque.
Rotating speed is exported to raise speed steadily without pause and transition in rhythm or melody with step-less adjustment.
Stepless-adjustment vehicle can be achieved to control the movement of connection rod of gear shifting seat by connecting rod base regulating device using car running computer
The speed of service, so that vehicle is had the function of automatic transmission.
Purposes is wide, other than it can be used for dilly, can be used for lorry, moreover it can be used to use internal combustion engine or electricity
The engineering instrument and agricultural equipment of motivation.
Efficient because of its clever structure, stability is good, easy to operate, convenient for assembling and maintenance, before having extensive promote
Scape.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is one general structure schematic diagram of embodiment provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the location status schematic diagram at one first stroke moment of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the location status schematic diagram at one second stroke moment of embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the location status schematic diagram at one third stroke moment of embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the location status schematic diagram at the 4th stroke moment of embodiment 1；
Fig. 6 is second embodiment structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the general structure schematic diagram of embodiment three；
Fig. 8 is the front view of change pulley in embodiment three；
Fig. 9 is the right view of change pulley in embodiment three；
Figure 10 is the sectional view of change pulley in embodiment three；
Figure 11 is that three change pulley of embodiment installs the front view after connecting rod base regulating device；
Figure 12 is the right view of Figure 11；
Figure 13 is the bidirectional ratchet front view used in embodiment three；
Figure 14 is the sectional view of Figure 13；
Figure 15 is the rearview of Figure 13；
Figure 16 is the change pulley sectional view of example IV.
In figure, each label indicates respectively：Change pulley 1, switching mechanism 2, speed change ratchet 3, change gear 10, connection rod of gear shifting
Seat guide rail 11, connection rod of gear shifting seat 12, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder 14, change gear shaft 15, bearing sleeve
16, Y shape control sheet 17, connection rod of gear shifting 20, rod teeth 21, the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing 22, connection rod of gear shifting bearing 23, conversion gear
24, convert wheel shaft 25, ratchet 30, the first pawl disk 31a, the second pawl disk 31b, ratchet shaft 32, the second pawl disk bevel gear 33,
Tooth sector 34, pawl disk gear 35, internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120, compensator pressure cylinder piston rod 121,
Hydraulic pressure conduit pipe 130, internal piston block 131, spring 132, venthole 133, bearing sleeve control shaft 160, piston cylinder axis
Hold 161, control axis hole 170, mounting hole 171, control hole 172, the gear teeth 300, the first ratchet part 301a, the second ratchet part 301b,
Ball 302, the first pawl 310a, the second pawl 310b.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with Fig. 1 in the embodiment of the present invention
~ 16, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.The embodiment of the present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings
Detailed description is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the present invention.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts it is all its
His embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, a kind of contiuously variable transmission, including change pulley 1, switching mechanism 2 and speed change ratchet 3；Change pulley 1 with it is interior
Combustion engine output shaft is rotatablely connected, and 2 one end of switching mechanism is connect with change pulley 1 and 2 one end of switching mechanism can change and change pulley 1
The other end of the relative position in the center of circle, switching mechanism 2 is connect with speed change ratchet 3, and switching mechanism 2 can be by the circumference of change pulley 1
Rotary motion is converted into straight reciprocating motion and passes to speed change ratchet 3, then is converted into straight reciprocating motion by speed change ratchet 3
Circular motion exports.
Specifically, change pulley 1 includes change gear 10, connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail 11 and connection rod of gear shifting seat 12；Speed change connects
Pole socket guide rail 11 is radially fixed to be arranged in 10 side of change gear, and across the center of circle of change gear 10；Connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail
Connection rod of gear shifting seat 12 is slidably provided on 11；Switching mechanism 2 includes connection rod of gear shifting 20, rod teeth 21, connection rod of gear shifting bearing branch
Frame 22, connection rod of gear shifting bearing 23, conversion gear 24, conversion wheel shaft 25；One end of connection rod of gear shifting 20 is hinged with connection rod of gear shifting seat 12；
Connection rod of gear shifting 20 is provided with rod teeth 21 on one side；20 other end of connection rod of gear shifting is threaded through in the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing 22, speed change
22 upper end of connecting-rod bearing holder is fixedly installed connection rod of gear shifting bearing 23, and 22 lower end of the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing is by converting wheel shaft
25 connect with conversion gear 24, and conversion gear 24 is intermeshed with rod teeth 21, and connection rod of gear shifting bearing 23 abuts connection rod of gear shifting 20
Top；The connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing 22 can move in a circle along conversion wheel shaft 25；Speed change ratchet 3 is that ratchet periphery is provided with
The gear teeth, the structure of pawl disk is provided in ratchet, and conversion gear 24 is also intermeshed with the gear teeth of speed change ratchet 3.Connection rod of gear shifting
One end is hinged with connection rod of gear shifting seat axis, and the other end is toothed around to be engaged with conversion gear, and conversion gear is engaged with speed change ratchet；Become
The fast connecting-rod bearing is fixed on the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing, and the shaft of the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing and conversion gear is hinged, two
Connection rod of gear shifting bearing and conversion gear three constitute firm triangle, and connection rod of gear shifting is engaged well with conversion gear, and
It can arbitrarily be rotated with connection rod of gear shifting centered on the shaft of conversion gear.
Fig. 2 ~ 5 are the transmission duty states for single cylinder 4-cycle internal combustion engine.Connecting rod base regulating device can be manual
Operation can also be that adjustment is realized in electronic, hydraulic pressure or air pressure, by adjusting connection rod of gear shifting seat 12 and 10 center of circle of change gear
Relative position can adjust output rotating speed.
When being used in vehicle, computerized control system becomes according to the variation of the stroke of gas pedal and running speed to calculate
Then the relative position of fast connecting rod base and the change gear center of circle is moved to by connecting rod base regulating device to control connection rod of gear shifting seat
It realizes that whole stepless changing exports rotating speed so as to freely change transmission ratio, makes vehicle that there is automatic transmission in calculated position
Function.
Embodiment two
As shown in fig. 6, on the basis of embodiment one, a set of switching mechanism 2 and speed change ratchet 3 are increased separately, but two sets turn
Converting mechanism 2 shares a set of change pulley 1, thus can effectively transmit the torque of the output of change pulley 1, improves working efficiency.This reality
It applies in example, preferably two sets of switching mechanisms 2 use vertical distribution, relatively save space in this way, and efficient.
Embodiment three
For the ease of carrying out speed governing, transmission efficiency is improved, is based on the basis of embodiment one, respectively to change pulley 1 and speed change spine
Wheel 3 is optimized, and is adjusted to the combination of the structure of entire speed changer, as shown in Fig. 7 ~ 15.
Fig. 7 is the general structure schematic diagram of embodiment three, it can be seen from the figure that it is by two sets of change pulleys 1, transformational structures
2 and speed change ratchet 3 constitute, and the angle between transformational structure 2 is 90 °.The change pulley used in the embodiment is changed
Into, as shown in Fig. 8 ~ 12, with addition of connecting rod base regulating device, connecting rod base regulating device include internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120,
Compensator pressure cylinder piston rod 121, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe 130, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder 14, change gear shaft
15, bearing sleeve 16, bearing sleeve control shaft 160, piston cylinder bearing 161, Y shape control sheet 17, control axis hole 170, mounting hole
171, control hole 172；The other side of change gear 10 has been wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13 1
End is connected to by hydraulic pressure conduit pipe 130 with internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120, and change is slidably provided in internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120
Fast hydraulic cylinder piston rod 121,121 one end of compensator pressure cylinder piston rod are connect with connection rod of gear shifting seat 12；Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13
In be slidably provided with hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder 14, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder 14 can do piston reciprocating in outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13
Movement；14 periphery fixing sleeve of hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder is equipped with piston cylinder bearing 161, and 161 periphery of piston cylinder bearing is arranged with bearing holder (housing, cover)
Cylinder 16 is fixedly installed bearing sleeve control shaft 160 on bearing sleeve 16；Bearing sleeve control shaft 160 is movably threaded through Y
In the control axis hole 170 of 17 both sides of shape control sheet, mounting hole 171 and control hole 172 are offered in Y shape control sheet 17.Control shaft
Hole 170 is elongated slot pore structure, and the hole length direction is consistent with 17 length direction of Y shape control sheet；Mounting hole 171 is rotatably provided in
In rotating pin, Y shape control sheet 17 is pulled to can be achieved with to hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder along rotating pin rotation by control hole 172
14 Bit andits control.
In addition, in order to improve transmission efficiency, also speed change ratchet 3 is optimized and is improved, as shown in Figure 13 ~ 15, become
Fast ratchet 3 includes ratchet 30, the gear teeth 300, the first pawl disk 31a, the second pawl disk 31b, the first pawl 310a, the second pawl
310b, the first ratchet part 301a, the second ratchet part 301b, ball 302, ratchet shaft 32, the second pawl disk bevel gear 33, tooth is turned to
Wheel 34, pawl disk gear 35.30 excircle of ratchet is provided with the gear teeth 300.The first ratchet part 301a and second is equipped in ratchet 30
Ratchet part 301b, the two are distributed in 30 both sides of ratchet.30 both sides of ratchet are respectively arranged with the first pawl disk 31a and the second pawl disk
It is provided on 31b, the first pawl disk 31a on the first pawl 310a, the second pawl disk 31b and is provided with the second pawl 310b.Ratchet
30, the first pawl disk 31a, the second pawl disk 31b three are arranged concentrically.It is fixedly installed the second spine on the outside of second pawl disk 31b
Pawl disk bevel gear 33, the second pawl disk bevel gear 33 are intermeshed with tooth sector 34, tooth sector 34 again with pawl disk gear
35 engagements.First pawl disk 31a, the second pawl disk 31b, 35 three of pawl disk gear are connected with each other by ratchet shaft 32.Wherein,
Tooth sector 34 and pawl disk gear 35 are bevel gear.The effect that speed change ratchet 3 is optimized is：No matter ratchet 30 is suitable
Hour hands rotation or counterclockwise rotation, can drive ratchet shaft 32 to rotate clockwise, i.e., be converted into the reciprocating rotary of ratchet 30
Single direction rotation.
Understanding said program feature in conjunction with the embodiments is：Change gear forms some of compensator pressure cylinder, with speed change liquid
Pressure cylinder cast solid makes stabilized structure, piston rod and two pistons that piston cylinder is speed-changing hydraulic cylinder, piston cylinder be sleeved on gear teeth
On wheel shaft, piston rod is placed in the cylinder barrel of change gear shaft, the fast connecting rod base of piston rod outer end connection, is set on fast connecting rod base
There are connection rod of gear shifting seat axis, push-in or pull-out piston cylinder that piston rod can be made to stretch out or take in；Connection rod of gear shifting when piston rod is taken in completely
The axle center of seat axis is overlapped with change gear axle center.I. C. engine crankshaft is engaged with change pulley, change pulley rotation is driven, through connection rod of gear shifting
Seat axis drives one end of connection rod of gear shifting to circle, and the other end of connection rod of gear shifting does straight reciprocating motion, and rotary motion is turned
It changes linear motion into, then drives conversion gear positive and negative rotation, to which reconvert will be moved along a straight line into rotary motion；Conversion gear
It is engaged with speed change ratchet, drives speed change ratchet positive and negative rotation, due to the monodirectional locking of pawl, make speed change ratchet that there is single-direction transmission
The positive and negative rotation of effect, speed change ratchet drives pawl disk unidirectional rotary motion, and power is exported through speed change ratchet shaft.Because of speed change spine
Wheel and conversion gear are intermeshed with connection rod of gear shifting, so the equivalent circular of speed change ratchet and conversion gear（Equivalent circular refers to gear
It is equivalent at a circle）Linear velocity be equal to connection rod of gear shifting linear velocity, when connection rod of gear shifting center line and compensator pressure cylinder piston rod
Central axis when, connection rod of gear shifting center line is equivalent to the tangent line of the circle where connection rod of gear shifting seat axis, at this time connection rod of gear shifting turn
Transient motion speed in gear changing one end reaches maximum value, and equal to the linear velocity of the circle where connection rod of gear shifting seat axis, converted
Gear drives speed change ratchet, and the linear velocity of speed change ratchet equivalent circular is made to reach maximum, and rotating speed also reaches maximum；Change pulley rotation one
In week, connection rod of gear shifting drives conversion gear and ratchet to generate the opposite maximum instantaneous movement velocity of both direction, due to speed change ratchet
Single-direction transmission effect, one of maximum instantaneous movement velocity drives pawl disc spins and reaches the maximum (top) speed of ratchet, it
Connection rod of gear shifting movement velocity is begun to decline afterwards, and the rotating speed of conversion gear and ratchet also declines therewith, and pawl unlocks and is in
Surmount state, the be connected by power of speed change ratchet is cut off, and pawl disk continuously exports power since inertia continues to rotate；Speed change
Connecting rod conversion gear one end movement velocity starts to move in the opposite direction after dropping to 0, drives ratchet to start to invert, speed change ratchet
It is still in and surmounts state；Change pulley continues to rotate, the steering of the steering of speed change ratchet and pawl disk when starting to next period
Identical, when ratchet rotating speed, which increases to, to be more than pawl disk, pawl locks again, and change pulley transmits power to pawl disk again,
So in cycles, change pulley rotates a circle, and speed change ratchet exports a power to pawl disk, and it is all in spine to transmit power every time
At the time of wheel is close to maximum (top) speed, pawl disk relies on inertial rotation, rotating speed to be equal to the maximum of ratchet when not by power transmission
Rotating speed.
It can be seen from the above, the maximum line velocity of speed change ratchet equivalent circular is equal to the circle where connection rod of gear shifting seat axis（Referred to as
Speed change equivalent circular）Linear velocity, the rotating speed of pawl disk is equal to the maximum (top) speed of ratchet, because the rotating speed of speed change equivalent circular is equal to speed change
The rotating speed of wheel is equal to speed change ratchet most so driven end is equal to the rotating ratio of pawl disk and change pulley with drive end rotating ratio
The rotating ratio of big rotating speed and speed change equivalent circular, is equal to the ratio of the equivalent circumference of speed change and the equivalent circumference of speed change ratchet, is equal to and becomes
The ratio of fast radius of equivalent circle and speed change ratchet radius of equivalent circle, thus by hydraulic control connection rod of gear shifting seat axis and axle center away from
From, so that it may the radius for controlling speed change equivalent circular, to control the rotating ratio of driven end and drive end.Connection rod of gear shifting seat axis leave or
Movement close to axle center is continuous, and cannot be mutated, and the variation of speed change radius of equivalent circle is also continuous, therefore driven end exports
The variation of rotating speed is also continuous, to achieve the purpose that variable speed.Driven end output rotating speed can make vehicle with step-less adjustment
In normally travel, speed will not change suddenly, and speed-raising is steady, and the pause and transition in rhythm or melody of gear shift is not generated as AT gearboxes
Sense.
When piston rod is all taken in, the axle center of connection rod of gear shifting seat axis is overlapped with change gear axle center, at this time regardless of change pulley
Rotating speed have much, connection rod of gear shifting will not move, and driven end is 0 with drive end rotating ratio, without power output；It is pushed into speed change
The piston cylinder of hydraulic cylinder makes connection rod of gear shifting seat axis be moved to the direction far from axle center with piston rod, becomes by the effect of hydraulic pressure
Fast connecting rod base axis starts to move in a circle, and conversion gear and speed change ratchet wheel are driven through connection rod of gear shifting, starts to export power；With
The push-in of piston cylinder, the radius of speed change equivalent circular increases, and driven end increases with drive end rotating ratio, the rotating speed of driven end output
Also increase therewith；Piston cylinder, the movement of connection rod of gear shifting seat axial direction change gear axle center direction are pulled out, the radius of speed change equivalent circular subtracts
Small, driven end reduces with drive end rotating ratio, and the rotating speed of driven end output also reduces therewith；Therefore, the position of piston cylinder is controlled
The position that connection rod of gear shifting seat axis can be controlled, to control output rotating speed.
When connection rod of gear shifting seat axis is closer from change gear axle center, driven end and drive end rotating ratio are small, and output torque is big.
Engine exports rotating speed under any rotating speed and can be adjusted from zero, and driven end also edges up from 0 with drive end rotating ratio, when starting
For rotating ratio close to 0, output torque is maximum, while can also be turned to further increase starting by improving the rotating speed of engine
Square, increasing breakaway torque can be such that starting is more prone to, and keep the reaction force that engine is subject to small, will not be to engine and vehicle
It causes to impact, it is especially highly beneficial to the starting of loaded vehicle.Because output rotating speed cannot be mutated, tune can make starting more flat from zero
It is slow.
Engine speed and output rotating speed can be with separate regulations, in normal vehicle operation when engine load is overweight（Such as
Vehicle start, loading capacity are big or go up a slope etc.）, it is appropriate to reduce driven end and drive end rotating ratio to increase output torque, it is on the contrary then
Driven end and drive end rotating ratio, to adapt to different loading capacity and different road conditions.
If the rotating ratio of I. C. engine crankshaft and change pulley is set as 2：1, then bent axle rotation two weeks, in single-cylinder four-stroke
Combustion engine igniting is primary, and externally acting is primary, if time point of lighting a fire to be set as to the time point of pawl locking, when internal-combustion engine ignition can
Power is exported directly to do work to pawl disk, to improve efficiency.
The Impact direction of the pawl of speed change ratchet is close to the long axis of pawl, therefore the torque that can be born is very big, will not
It is easy to skid and overheat as CVT gearboxes, therefore other than it can be used for dilly, can be used for using internal combustion
The lorry of machine, moreover it can be used to use the engineering instrument and agricultural equipment of internal combustion engine.
Vehicle need to increase drive shift and reverse drive gear switching mechanism, to enable the vehicle to fall back, vehicle parking after speed changer
Alternation speed connecting rod base axis, which is moved back to shaft core position, afterwards can carry out the switching of drive shift and reverse drive gear, woth no need to be further added by other clutches
Device.
Example IV
As shown in figure 16, for simplify control component, realize that automatic control function, change pulley 1 use another technical side
Case, connecting rod base regulating device therein include internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120, compensator pressure cylinder piston rod 121, outer speed-changing hydraulic cylinder
Cylinder 13, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe 130, internal piston block 131, spring 132, venthole 133, change gear shaft 15.Change gear shaft 15
It is arranged in change pulley 1；10 other side of change gear has been wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13 1
End is connect by hydraulic pressure conduit pipe 130 with internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120, and change is slidably provided in internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder 120
Fast hydraulic cylinder piston rod 121,121 one end of compensator pressure cylinder piston rod are connect with connection rod of gear shifting seat 12；Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13
Be internally provided with internal piston block 131 and spring 132, under static state spring 132 by elastic force by internal piston block 131 to
15 direction of change gear shaft pushes；Venthole 133 is begun between outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel 13 and change gear shaft 15；Inside is living
The quality of chock 131 is more than the quality sum of compensator pressure cylinder piston rod 121 and connection rod of gear shifting seat 12.
Its main feature is that：In change gear internal production two with the symmetrical cylinder barrel in axle center, two cylinder barrels are in outside change gear
Acies setting fluid path is connected to piston rod cylinder barrel bottom, and two pieces of internal piston blocks are placed in two cylinder barrel proximal ends, and cylinder barrel is paraxial
End opens up venthole, internal piston block can be slided, two springs is placed in the other end of cylinder barrel, utilize the elastic force of spring
Shift internal piston block onto cylinder barrel proximal ends, symmetric design can make change gear stability of rotation.
When change gear rotating speed is relatively low（Such as idling mode）, two pieces of internal piston blocks are pushed away because of the elastic force of spring paraxial
End, piston rod are located at cylinder bottom, and connection rod of gear shifting seat axle position is not moved in change gear axle center, connection rod of gear shifting, without power output；Add
Big change gear rotating speed, two pieces of internal piston blocks pass through hydraulic pressure because the effect of centrifugal force overcomes the elastic force of spring to move outward
Piston rod is released in effect, and connection rod of gear shifting seat axis moves outward therewith, and connection rod of gear shifting moves back and forth therewith, drives ratchet output
Power；Change gear rotating speed increases, and centrifugal force increases, and the distance that internal piston block moves outward also increases, piston rod is pushed away
The distance gone out increases therewith, and the radius of the circle where connection rod of gear shifting seat axis also becomes larger, and the rotating speed of output also increases；Gear teeth rotates
Speed is higher, and centrifugal force is bigger, and the distance that internal piston block moves outward is also bigger, and the rotating speed of output is also higher, to reach
The purpose of fluid drive.
In addition, other than being applied to internal combustion engine, this contiuously variable transmission also can be used in motor speed adjusting, high-power at present
Electronic device is expensive, and the manufacture of the electron speed regulator of high capacity motor and maintenance cost are higher, can with this contiuously variable transmission
To effectively reduce cost；It will produce prodigious starting current when motor start-up, power more great start-up current is bigger, works as motor
Starting current bigger when starting under load, when using electron speed regulator to motor speed adjusting, the rotating speed of motor speed and load
Than being constant, start with the torque that needs when running well and be as, be equivalent to full load startup, starting current can be very
Greatly, motor, power grid and transmission mechanism can all be caused to impact, electron speed regulator will there are prodigious margin of power so as not to start
When burn, to increase manufacturing cost, when contiuously variable transmission using the present invention, motor can reach specified with No Load Start
Band dynamic load starts again after rotating speed, and because rotating ratio can be adjusted arbitrarily, motor only needs smaller torque to be opened with regard to energy band dynamic load
It is dynamic, it loads in start-up course, the load of motor is to gradually increase rated value from 0, will not be constructed to motor and driver
At impact.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of contiuously variable transmission, which is characterized in that including change pulley（1）, switching mechanism（2）And speed change ratchet（3）；
The change pulley（1）It is rotatablely connected with internal combustion engine or motor output shaft, switching mechanism（2）One end and change pulley（1）Even
It connects and switching mechanism（2）One end can change and change pulley（1）The relative position in the center of circle, switching mechanism（2）The other end and change
Fast ratchet（3）Connection, switching mechanism（2）It can be by change pulley（1）Circle rotation movement be converted into straight reciprocating motion and pass
Pass the speed change ratchet（3）, then by the speed change ratchet（3）Straight reciprocating motion is converted into circular motion output.
2. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The change pulley（1）Including change gear（10）, connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail（11）And connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）；
The connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail（11）It is radially fixed to be arranged in change gear（10）Side, and pass through change gear（10）'s
The center of circle；
Connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail（11）On be slidably provided with connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）；
The switching mechanism（2）Including connection rod of gear shifting（20）, rod teeth（21）, the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing（22）, connection rod of gear shifting
Bearing（23）, conversion gear（24）, conversion wheel shaft（25）；
The connection rod of gear shifting（20）One end and connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）It is hinged；Connection rod of gear shifting（20）It is provided with rod teeth on one side
（21）；Connection rod of gear shifting（20）The other end is threaded through the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing（22）It is interior, the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing（22）Upper end
It is fixedly installed connection rod of gear shifting bearing（23）, the connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing（22）Lower end is by converting wheel shaft（25）With conversion gear
（24）Connection, conversion gear（24）With the rod teeth（21）Intermeshing, the connection rod of gear shifting bearing（23）Against the change
Fast connecting rod（20）Top；The connection rod of gear shifting support of bearing（22）It can be along conversion wheel shaft（25）It moves in a circle；
The speed change ratchet（3）Ratchet periphery is provided with the gear teeth, the structure of pawl disk, the conversion gear are provided in ratchet
（24）Also with the speed change ratchet（3）The gear teeth intermeshing.
3. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）It is connect with connecting rod base regulating device, passes through connecting rod base tune
Regulating device can realize connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）Along connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail（11）Length direction slides.
4. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The connecting rod base regulating device includes motor and leading screw, the motor and connection rod of gear shifting seat guide rail（11）It is fixed to connect
It connects, motor output shaft is fixedly connected with leading screw, leading screw and connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）It is threadedly coupled.
5. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connecting rod base regulating device includes internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）, speed-changing hydraulic cylinder
Piston rod（121）, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe（130）, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder（14）, change gear shaft
（15）, bearing sleeve（16）, bearing sleeve control shaft（160）, piston cylinder bearing（161）, Y shape control sheet（17）, control axis hole
（170）, mounting hole（171）, control hole（172）；
The change gear（10）The other side be wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）One
End passes through hydraulic pressure conduit pipe（130）With internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）Connection, internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）In slidably set
It is equipped with compensator pressure cylinder piston rod（121）, compensator pressure cylinder piston rod（121）One end and connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）Connection；
Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）In be slidably provided with hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder（14）, hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder（14）It can be outside
Compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）In do reciprocating motion of the pistons；
Hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder（14）Periphery fixing sleeve is equipped with piston cylinder bearing（161）, piston cylinder bearing（161）Periphery is arranged with axis
Bearing sleeve cylinder（16）, bearing sleeve（16）On be fixedly installed bearing sleeve control shaft（160）；
Bearing sleeve control shaft（160）Movably it is threaded through Y shape control sheet（17）The control axis hole of both sides（170）In, Y shape control
Film-making（17）On offer mounting hole（171）And control hole（172）.
6. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
The control axis hole（170）For elongated slot pore structure, the hole length direction and Y shape control sheet（17）Length direction is consistent；Institute
State mounting hole（171）It is rotatably provided in rotating pin, passes through control hole（172）Pull Y shape control sheet（17）Along rotation
Axis pin rotation can be achieved with to hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder（14）Bit andits control.
7. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The switching mechanism（2）And speed change ratchet（3）Two sets are at least respectively included, two sets of switching mechanisms（2）With change pulley
（1）It is arranged in a mutually vertical manner for the position of plane.
8. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The speed change ratchet（3）Including ratchet（30）, the gear teeth（300）, the first pawl disk（31a）, the second pawl disk（31b）,
One pawl（310a）, the second pawl（310b）, the first ratchet part（301a）, the second ratchet part（301b）, ball（302）, ratchet
Axis（32）, the second pawl disk bevel gear（33）, tooth sector（34）, pawl disk gear（35）；
Ratchet（30）Excircle is provided with the gear teeth（300）；Ratchet（30）Inside it is equipped with the first ratchet part（301a）With the second ratchet part
（301b）, the two is distributed in ratchet（30）Both sides；
Ratchet（30）Both sides are respectively arranged with the first pawl disk（31a）With the second pawl disk（31b）, the first pawl disk（31a）On
It is provided with the first pawl（310a）, the second pawl disk（31b）On be provided with the second pawl（310b）；
The ratchet（30）, the first pawl disk（31a）, the second pawl disk（31b）Three is arranged concentrically；
Second pawl disk（31b）Outside is fixedly installed the second pawl disk bevel gear（33）, the second pawl disk bevel gear（33）With
Tooth sector（34）Intermeshing, tooth sector（34）And with pawl disk gear（35）Intermeshing；
First pawl disk（31a）, the second pawl disk（31b）, pawl disk gear（35）Three passes through ratchet shaft（32）It is connected with each other.
9. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The tooth sector（34）With pawl disk gear（35）It is bevel gear.
10. contiuously variable transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Further include connecting rod base regulating device, the connecting rod base regulating device includes internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）, speed-changing hydraulic cylinder
Piston rod（121）, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）, hydraulic pressure conduit pipe（130）, internal piston block（131）, spring（132）, ventilation
Hole（133）, change gear shaft（15）；
Change gear shaft（15）It is arranged in change pulley（1）In；
The change gear（10）The other side has been wholely set outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）, outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）One end
Pass through hydraulic pressure conduit pipe（130）With internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）Connection, internal speed-changing hydraulic cylinder（120）In be slidably arranged
There is compensator pressure cylinder piston rod（121）, compensator pressure cylinder piston rod（121）One end and connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）Connection；
Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）It is internally provided with internal piston block（131）And spring（132）, spring under static state
（132）By elastic force by internal piston block（131）To change gear shaft（15）Direction pushes；
Outer compensator pressure cylinder barrel（13）With change gear shaft（15）Between be provided with venthole（133）；
The internal piston block（131）Quality be more than compensator pressure cylinder piston rod（121）With connection rod of gear shifting seat（12）Quality
The sum of.
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| CN201810551155.2A CN108591406A (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2018-05-31 | A kind of contiuously variable transmission |
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| CN201810551155.2A CN108591406A (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2018-05-31 | A kind of contiuously variable transmission |
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| CN108591406A true CN108591406A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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| CN201810551155.2A Pending CN108591406A (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2018-05-31 | A kind of contiuously variable transmission |
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| CN109450167A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | A kind of mechatronics integration speed-regulating system and its soft-start method |
| CN111631746A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-08 | 浙江省立同德医院 | Rotating device for radiological examination and using method |
| CN111706430A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 阮南虎 | Internal combustion engine with rack bar and ratchet wheel |
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| CN111706430A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 阮南虎 | Internal combustion engine with rack bar and ratchet wheel |
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