CN108331337A - A kind of whole formwork system and its construction method for structure missing layer - Google Patents
A kind of whole formwork system and its construction method for structure missing layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108331337A CN108331337A CN201810198526.3A CN201810198526A CN108331337A CN 108331337 A CN108331337 A CN 108331337A CN 201810198526 A CN201810198526 A CN 201810198526A CN 108331337 A CN108331337 A CN 108331337A
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- climbs
- mould bases
- floors
- layer
- drawknot
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
- E04G11/28—Climbing forms, i.e. forms which are not in contact with the poured concrete during lifting from layer to layer and which are anchored in the hardened concrete
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of whole formwork systems and its construction method lacking layer for structure, the entirety formwork system includes the attachment fixing device being installed on next floor of structure missing layer, and the mould bases that climbs being installed on the permanent structure and attachment fixing device of building;The attachment fixing device includes that several are placed in the drawknot triangular steel that vertical steel column and several one-to-one correspondence of on next floor of the structure missing layer and top with overhanging bracket are placed on overhanging bracket;It is equipped at the top of the mould bases that climbs and pedal may be reversed, and hoisting mechanism is equipped at the top of the mould bases that climbs, positioned at the turnable pedal side;It is an advantage of the current invention that providing interim support and stress point during using attachment fixing device repeatedly to climb for the mould bases that climbs, effective fixation that the mould bases that climbs lacks layer in structure is realized;And be arranged at the top for the mould bases that climbs and pedal and hoisting mechanism may be reversed, realize lifting and recycling certainly for attachment fixing device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction equipment fields, more particularly, to a kind of whole formwork system lacking layer for structure
And its construction method.
Background technology
The operating platform that high-rise building main structure construction needs barrier propterty high, whole formwork system are current compare
The ripe construction equipment for high-rise building agent structure can construct for worker and provide operating space, can also play very
Good protective action.
Whole mould bases is attached to by attachment support on building permanent structure, it is therefore an objective to provide support and stress for mould bases
The load of whole mould bases is transmitted to and has poured completion and on the major structure of construction that has conserved, whole mould bases is usually used in by point
The construction of neat appearance, structural integrity.
With the continuous development of the shape and function of high-rise building, a certain layer of high-rise building permanent structure or certain
It is several layers of to lack.Whole mould bases can not adhere to fixation in structure missing layer, can bring great safety problem, while also unfavorable
In the progress of constructing operation, for now, the construction of layer is lacked in structure for whole mould bases, without preferably solving to do
Method.
Invention content
Purpose of the present invention is to:There is provided it is a kind of for structure missing layer whole formwork system and its construction method, use it is attached
It is to climb during mould bases repeatedly climbs to provide interim support and stress point fixing device, realizes the mould bases that climbs in structure
Lack effective fixation of layer;And be arranged at the top for the mould bases that climbs and pedal and hoisting mechanism may be reversed, realize the fixed dress of attachment
That sets lifts and recycles certainly.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of whole formwork system for structure missing layer, including be installed on structure and lack
The attachment fixing device on next floor of layer is lost, and is installed on climbing on the permanent structure and attachment fixing device of building
Mould bases;
It is described attachment fixing device include several be placed in structure missing layer next floor on and top carry overhanging ox
The vertical steel column of leg and several one-to-one correspondence are placed in the drawknot triangular steel on overhanging bracket;At the top of the mould bases that climbs
Equipped with turnable pedal, and hoisting mechanism is equipped at the top of the mould bases that climbs, positioned at the turnable pedal side.
Mould bases four story heights of covering that climb as a preferred technical solution, and four floors respectively (n) F,
(n+1) F, (n+2) F, (n+3) F, (n+4*m) F floors are that structure lacks layer, and wherein n, m is positive integer;Simultaneously described
The mould bases that climbs is equipped with the upper and lower pull rod of several groups, wherein the permanent structure phase drawknot of the upper end of upper connecting rod and (n+3) F floors,
The permanent structure phase drawknot of the upper end and (n+1) F floors of lower pull rod, and the lower end of the upper connecting rod and the lower pull rod with
The mould bases that climbs is fixedly connected.
Diagonal brace steel, the vertical steel are equipped in the middle part of the madial wall of the vertical steel column as a preferred technical solution,
The permanent structure that the bottom end of column and the diagonal brace steel is all made of pre-embedded bolt and (n+3) F floors is fixed, and the diagonal brace steel with
The vertical steel column is arranged in 45° angle, which is used to improve the stability of attachment fixing device entirety.
As a preferred technical solution, the attachment fixing device further include several to be set up in two adjacent vertical steels vertical
Horizontal girder steel at the top of column top or adjacent permanent structure frame column and vertical steel column.
The drawknot triangular steel includes the bottom plate being fixed on overhanging bracket as a preferred technical solution, vertical fixed
In the drawknot plate of the outer side edges of bottom plate and several be used for the triangle floor of connecting bottom board and drawknot plate, and in the drawing
The top of knot tying and the triangle floor is equipped with connecting plate.
The hoisting mechanism uses the electric block being hung at the top of the mould bases that climbs as a preferred technical solution,
And the girder steel at the top of the mould bases that climbs and for hanging the electric block uses Two bors d's oeuveres channel steel, improves the rigid of girder steel
Property performance and load carrying behaviour, prevent in attachment fixing device from hoisting process, girder steel fracture, improve electric block lifting
Safety.
A kind of construction method of such as above-mentioned whole formwork system for structure missing layer, includes the following steps:
Step 1):Fixing device will be adhered to lift and install with next floor of first structure missing layer solid using tower crane
It is fixed;
Step 2):The mould bases that climbs is by the permanent structure and attachment fixing device of building by climbing and reaching at least once
Next structure lacks layer, and the primary structure construction for being completed at the same time respective layer that often climbs;
Step 3):Attachment fixing device is removed, the turnable pedal at the top of the mould bases that climbs is opened, at the top of the mould bases that climbs
Hoisting mechanism the attachment fixing device after dismounting is lifted to climbing at the top of mould bases;
Step 4):Attachment fixing device is reinstalled on next floor that next structure lacks layer;
Step 5):Step 2) is repeated to step 4), until monolithic architecture structure construction is completed.
Step 2) (n+4) F floors are that first structure lacks layer as a preferred technical solution, and (n+8) F floors are
Second structure lacks layer;The mould bases that climbs lacks layer from first structure and climbs step such as to what second structure lacked layer
Under:
Step a):Using upper and lower pull rod complete climb mould bases first time climb after, adhere to fixing device on drawknot three
Angle steel is located at (n+4) F floors and the top phase drawknot with the upper connecting rod, the top of the lower pull rod on (n+2) F floors
Then permanent structure phase drawknot completes the permanent structure construction of (n+5) F floors;
Step b):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the second time of mould bases using upper and lower pull rod, top and the (n of the upper connecting rod
+ 5) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, the permanent structure phase drawknot on the top and (n+3) F floors of the lower pull rod, then
Complete the permanent structure construction of (n+6) F floors;
Step c):Using upper and lower pull rod complete to climb mould bases third time climb after, the top of the upper connecting rod and (n
+ 6) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, adhere to fixing device on drawknot triangular steel be located at (n+4) F floors and with the drop-down
Then the top phase drawknot of bar completes the permanent structure construction of (n+7) F floors;
Step d):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the 4th time of mould bases using upper and lower pull rod, top and the (n of the upper connecting rod
+ 7) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, the top of the lower pull rod and the permanent structure phase drawknot for being located at (n+5) F floors.
It is an advantage of the invention that:
1. the whole formwork system and its construction method for structure missing layer of the present invention, can be used for that there are structure missings
The construction of layer provides interim support and stress point during using attachment fixing device repeatedly to climb for the mould bases that climbs,
Realize effective fixation that the mould bases that climbs lacks layer in structure;And it is arranged at the top for the mould bases that climbs and pedal and hoisting machine may be reversed
Structure realizes lifting and recycling certainly for attachment fixing device;
2. the whole formwork system and its construction method for structure missing layer of the present invention, is formed using standardized components
Attachment fixing device, and each building block is all made of and is bolted, easy to disassemble and recycle.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
Fig. 1 is that the whole formwork system of the present invention lacks the scheme of installation of layer in first structure;
Fig. 2 is scheme of installation of the whole formwork system of the present invention after climbing for the first time;
Fig. 3 is scheme of installation of the whole formwork system of the present invention after climbing for the second time;
Fig. 4 is scheme of installation of the whole formwork system of the present invention after climbing for the third time;
Fig. 5 is the scheme of installation after the whole formwork system of the present invention climbs at the 4th time;
Fig. 6 is that the whole formwork system of the present invention lacks the scheme of installation of layer in second structure;
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the attachment fixing device of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the installation vertical view of the attachment fixing device and permanent structure frame column of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the installation front view of the attachment fixing device and permanent structure frame column of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structure top view of the mould bases that climbs of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the structure top view of the drawknot triangular steel of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the structure sectional view of the drawknot triangular steel of the present invention;
Wherein:1 attachment fixing device;12 overhanging brackets, 13 vertical steel columns;
14 drawknot triangular steels, 141 bottom plates, 142 drawknot plates, 143 triangle floors, 144 connecting plates;
15 diagonal brace steel, 16 horizontal girder steels;
2 climb mould bases, 21 turnable pedals;
3 hoisting mechanisms, 4 upper connecting rods, 5 times pull rods, 6 pre-embedded bolts, 7 permanent structure frame columns.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to it is proposed by the present invention for structure lack layer whole formwork system and
Its construction method is described in further detail.According to following explanation and claims, advantages and features of the invention will be more clear
Chu.It should be noted that attached drawing is all made of very simplified form and uses non-accurate ratio, only to conveniently, lucidly
Aid in illustrating the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment:Referring to Fig.1, shown in Fig. 7 to Figure 12, the whole formwork system for structure missing layer of the invention, packet
The attachment fixing device 1 being installed on next floor of structure missing layer is included, and is installed on permanent structure and the attachment of building
The mould bases 2 that climbs in fixing device 1.
The mould bases 2 that climbs of the present invention covers four story heights, and four floors be respectively (n) F, (n+1) F, (n+2) F,
(n+3) F, (n+4) F floors are that first structure lacks layer, and (n+8) F floors are that second structure lacks layer;The mould bases that climbs
It is equipped at the top of 2 and pedal 21 may be reversed, and 3 (this of hoisting mechanism is equipped at 2 top of mould bases of climbing, positioned at turnable 21 side of pedal
Locate hoisting mechanism 3 and use electric block), the girder steel at the top of the mould bases 2 that climbs and for hanging electric block uses Two bors d's oeuveres 8#
Channel steel is reinforced, and the rigid nature and load carrying behaviour of girder steel are improved, and prevents in attachment fixing device from hoisting process, girder steel is disconnected
It splits, improves the safety of electric block lifting;It is climbing simultaneously equipped with the upper and lower pull rod 4,5 of several groups on mould bases 2, every group upper and lower
Pull rod 4,5 is corresponded with drawknot triangular steel 14, and wherein the upper end of upper connecting rod 4 and the permanent structure of (n+3) F floors are mutually drawn
Knot, the permanent structure phase drawknot of the upper end and (n+1) F floors of lower pull rod 5, and the lower end of upper connecting rod 4 and lower pull rod 5 with climb
Rising mould base 2 is fixedly connected;It is that the mould bases that climbs climbs for more than 2 times and to provide interim branch in the process that the present invention, which uses attachment fixing device 1,
Support and stress point realize effective fixation that the mould bases 2 that climbs lacks layer in structure;And setting can be turned at the top for the mould bases 2 that climbs
Turn pedal 21 and electric block, realizes lifting and recycling certainly for attachment fixing device 1.
The attachment fixing device 1 of the present invention is placed on next floor of structure missing layer including several and top carries
The vertical steel column 13 of overhanging bracket 12, several one-to-one correspondence are placed in the drawknot triangular steel 14, Yi Jiruo on overhanging bracket 12
Dry is set up in 13 top of vertical 13 top of steel column of adjacent two or adjacent permanent structure frame column 7 and vertical steel column
Horizontal girder steel 16, while diagonal brace steel 15, vertical steel column 13 and diagonal brace steel 15 are equipped in the middle part of the madial wall of vertical steel column 13
Bottom end be all made of pre-embedded bolt 6 and the permanent structure of (n+3) F floors is fixed, and diagonal brace steel 15 and vertical steel column 13 are in 45 °
Angle is arranged, and wherein the diagonal brace steel 15 is used to improve 1 whole stability of attachment fixing device;Each component of the attachment fixing device
(including drawknot triangular steel 14 and the overhanging bracket 12 of vertical steel column 13, the ox of horizontal girder steel 16 and permanent structure frame column 7
Leg, horizontal girder steel 16 and vertical steel column 13, diagonal brace steel 15 and vertical steel column 13) between be connected by screw bolts, it is easy to disassemble
And recycling.
Referring to Fig.1 1, shown in Figure 12, drawknot triangular steel 14 of the invention includes the bottom plate being fixed on overhanging bracket 12
141, be fixed on vertically the outer side edges of bottom plate 141 drawknot plate 142 and several be used for connecting bottom board 141 and drawknot plate 142
Triangle floor 143, and the top of drawknot plate 142 and triangle floor 143 be equipped with connecting plate 144.
Shown in Fig. 6, the construction method of such as above-mentioned whole formwork system for structure missing layer, including
Following steps:
Step 1):Fixing device 1 will be adhered to lift and install with next floor of first structure missing layer solid using tower crane
It is fixed;
Step 2):The mould bases 2 that climbs is by the permanent structure and attachment fixing device 1 of building by climbing and reaching for four times
Two structures lack layer, and specifically climbing, steps are as follows:
Step a):Using upper and lower pull rod 4,5 complete climb mould bases 2 first time climb after, adhere to fixing device 1 on
Drawknot triangular steel 14 is located at (n+4) F floors and the top phase drawknot with upper connecting rod 4, the top of lower pull rod 5 on (n+2) F floors
Permanent structure phase drawknot, then complete (n+5) F floors permanent structure construction;
Step b):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the second time of mould bases 2 using upper and lower pull rod 4,5, the top of upper connecting rod 4 and the
(n+5) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, the permanent structure phase drawknot on the top and (n+3) F floors of lower pull rod 5 are then complete
It constructs at the permanent structure of (n+6) F floors;
Step c):Using upper and lower pull rod 4,5 complete to climb mould bases 2 third time climb after, the top of upper connecting rod 4 and the
(n+6) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, the drawknot triangular steel 14 adhered in fixing device 1 are located at (n+4) F floors and under
Then the top phase drawknot of pull rod 5 completes the permanent structure construction of (n+7) F floors;
Step d):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the 4th time of mould bases 2 using upper and lower pull rod 4,5, the top of upper connecting rod 4 and the
(n+7) the permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, the top of lower pull rod 5 and the permanent structure phase drawknot for being located at (n+5) F floors;
Step 3):Attachment fixing device 1 is removed, the turnable pedal 21 at 2 top of mould bases of climbing is opened, utilizes the mould bases that climbs
The hoisting mechanism 3 at 2 tops will be at the top of the lifting of attachment fixing device 1 to the mould bases 2 that climbs after dismounting;
Step 4):Next floor of layer is lacked in next structure, i.e., is reinstalled on the permanent structure of (n+7) F floors
Adhere to fixing device 1, the attachment fixing device 1 formed using standardized components, and each building block is all made of and is bolted, from
And realize lifting and recycling certainly for attachment fixing device 1.
It is above-mentioned for structure missing layer whole formwork system construction method, can be used for there are structure lack layer building
Construction provides interim support and stress point during using attachment fixing device repeatedly to climb for the mould bases that climbs, realizes and climb
Rising mould base lacks effective fixation of layer in structure.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology can all carry out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of whole formwork system for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that lack the next of layer including being installed on structure
Attachment fixing device (1) on floor, and be installed on the permanent structure of building and adhere to the mould bases that climbs in fixing device (1)
(2);
It is described attachment fixing device (1) include several be placed in structure missing layer next floor on and top carry overhanging ox
The vertical steel column (13) of leg (12) and several one-to-one correspondence are placed in the drawknot triangular steel (14) on overhanging bracket (12);
It is equipped at the top of the mould bases that climbs (2) and pedal (21) may be reversed, and may be reversed at the top of the mould bases that climbs (2), positioned at described
Pedal (21) side is equipped with hoisting mechanism (3).
2. the whole formwork system according to claim 1 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that the mould bases that climbs
(2) four story heights are covered, and four floors are respectively (n) F, (n+1) F, (n+2) F, (n+3) F, (n+4*m) F floors
Layer is lacked for structure, wherein n, m is positive integer;Simultaneously on the mould bases that climbs (2) be equipped with the upper and lower pull rod of several groups (4,
5), the wherein permanent structure phase drawknot of the upper end and (n+3) F floors of upper connecting rod (4), upper end and (n+1) of lower pull rod (5)
The permanent structure phase drawknot of F floors, and the lower end of the upper connecting rod (4) and the lower pull rod (5) with the mould bases that climbs (2)
It is fixedly connected.
3. the whole formwork system according to claim 2 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that in the vertical steel
It is equipped with diagonal brace steel (15) in the middle part of the madial wall of column (13), the bottom end of the vertical steel column (13) and the diagonal brace steel (15) is equal
It is fixed using pre-embedded bolt (6) and the permanent structure of (n+3) F floors, and the diagonal brace steel (15) and the vertical steel column
(13) it is in that 45° angle is arranged.
4. the whole formwork system according to claim 1 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that the attachment is fixed
Device (1) further includes that several are set up in the vertical steel column of adjacent two (13) top or adjacent permanent structure frame column (7)
With the horizontal girder steel (16) at the top of vertical steel column (13).
5. the whole formwork system according to claim 1 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that the drawknot triangle
Steel (14) includes the bottom plate (141) being fixed on overhanging bracket (12), is fixed on the drawknot plate of the outer side edges of bottom plate (141) vertically
(142) and several triangle floors (143) for being used for connecting bottom board (141) and drawknot plate (142), and in the drawknot
The top of plate (142) and the triangle floor (143) is equipped with connecting plate (144).
6. the whole formwork system according to claim 1 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that the hoisting mechanism
(3) using the electric block being hung at the top of the mould bases (2) that climbs, and at the top of the mould bases (2) that climbs and for hanging
The girder steel for hanging the electric block uses Two bors d's oeuveres channel steel.
7. a kind of construction method of whole formwork system such as claim 1 to 6 any one of them for structure missing layer,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps:
Step 1):Fixing device (1) will be adhered to using tower crane lifting and installed with next floor of first structure missing layer and fixed;
Step 2):The mould bases (2) that climbs is by the permanent structure and attachment fixing device (1) of building by climbing and arriving at least once
Layer is lacked up to next structure, and the primary structure construction for being completed at the same time respective layer that often climbs;
Step 3):Attachment fixing device (1) is removed, the turnable pedal (21) at the top of the mould bases (2) that climbs is opened, utilizes the mould that climbs
Hoisting mechanism (3) at the top of frame (1) will be at the top of attachment fixing device (1) lifting to the mould bases that climbs (2) after dismounting;
Step 4):Attachment fixing device (1) is reinstalled on next floor that next structure lacks layer;
Step 5):Step 2) is repeated to step 4), until monolithic architecture structure construction is completed.
8. the construction method of the whole formwork system according to claim 7 for structure missing layer, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 2) (n+4) F floors are that first structure lacks layer, and (n+8) F floors are that second structure lacks layer;The mould bases that climbs
(2) it lacks layer from first structure and climbs that steps are as follows to what second structure lacked layer:
Step a):Using upper and lower pull rod (4,5) complete to climb mould bases (2) first time climb after, adhere on fixing device (1)
Drawknot triangular steel (14) be located at (n+4) F floors and the top phase drawknot with the upper connecting rod (4), the top of the lower pull rod (5)
Then end and the permanent structure phase drawknot on (n+2) F floors complete the permanent structure construction of (n+5) F floors;
Step b):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the second time of mould bases (2) using upper and lower pull rod (4,5), the top of the upper connecting rod (4)
Hold the permanent structure phase drawknot with (n+5) F floors, the permanent structure on the top and (n+3) F floors of the lower pull rod (5)
Then phase drawknot completes the permanent structure construction of (n+6) F floors;
Step c):Using upper and lower pull rod (4,5) complete climb mould bases (2) third time climb after, the top of the upper connecting rod (4)
The permanent structure phase drawknot with (n+6) F floors, the drawknot triangular steel (14) in attachment fixing device (1) is held to be located at (n+4) F
Floor and with the top phase drawknot of the lower pull rod (5), then complete (n+7) F floors permanent structure construction;
Step d):It is completed to climb after the climbing for the 4th time of mould bases (2) using upper and lower pull rod (4,5), the top of the upper connecting rod (4)
Hold the permanent structure phase drawknot with (n+7) F floors, the top of the lower pull rod (5) and the permanent knot for being located at (n+5) F floors
Structure phase drawknot.
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Cited By (1)
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CN113216590A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 | Hanging seat system on cantilever structure and construction method |
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