CN108290501A - 用于监控感应式能量传输设备的监控设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于监控从至少一个发射线圈到与所述至少一个发射线圈间隔开的至少一个接收线圈的感应式能量传输设备的监控设备。所述监控设备包括线圈阵列,所述线圈阵列具有单个线圈并且被设计用于监控在所述至少一个发射线圈和所述至少一个接收线圈之间的间隙。在此,所述单个线圈能够单独地控制。合适的控制可以用于可变的检测高度并且即使单个线圈失效的情况下也保证安全的运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于监控感应式能量传输设备的监控设备。
背景技术
电动车辆和混合动力车辆通常具有电能存储器,例如为驱动装置提供电能的牵引电池。如果这个电能存储器完全或部分地被放电,那么电动车辆必须控制充电站,在该充电站处能量储存器可以被再充电。到目前为止,为此常见的是,电动车辆在这样的充电站处通过电缆连接与充电站连接。该连接通常必须由用户手动建立。在此还需要的是,充电站和电动车辆具有彼此对应的连接***。
此外,个别用于电动车辆或混合动力车辆的无线充电***也是已知的。为此,电动车辆停放在发射线圈(发射设备)或充电垫或充电设备上方。该线圈发射高频交变磁场。交变磁场由车辆内的接收线圈(充电线圈或接收设备)接收并转换成电能。借助于这种电能,车辆的牵引电池于是可以被充电。公开文献DE 10 2011 010 049 Al公开了这种用于对车辆电池充电的***,其中感应地传输能量。
此外,电动车辆的能量存储器也可以用于反馈。为此,同样可以使用电缆连接或也可以使用感应能量或功率传输。
在对电动车辆的电池进行无线充电时,通常将变压器的发射线圈嵌入街道地面中或者成形为地面上安装的充电板(充电垫)并且借助合适的电子装置连接至电网。变压器的接收线圈通常固定地安装在车辆的底部中,并且在其侧借助合适的电子装置与车辆的牵引电池连接。为了能量传输,发射线圈或初级线圈产生高频交变场,其穿过接收线圈或次级线圈并在那里感应出相应的电流。因为一方面传输的功率随开关频率线性变化,另一方面开关频率受控制电子装置和传输路径中的损耗限制,所以得出典型的30-150 kHz的频率范围。
在充电站的发射线圈和车辆中的接收线圈之间存在气隙。由于机动车所需的离地间隙,该气隙为几厘米。 3-30厘米大小的气隙在此非常广泛,除非通过降低车辆固定的线圈、整车或提升位置固定的线圈的措施或这些措施的组合来实现理想地小的气隙。在传输期间在气隙中产生的交变磁场适合于在位于气隙中的任意金属或导电物体中感应电涡流。由于欧姆损耗加热这些所谓的异物。该加热不仅对人员安全,而且对车辆的运行安全是巨大的危险。因此必需的是,感应充电***的加热或者通过限制磁场来限制或通过合适的装置检测处于气隙中的可能的物体,并且就此去激活能量传输,直到所述物体被移除或者不再由所述物体引起危险。
异物识别的已知方法例如在于传统的利用附加测试线圈的感应金属检测,所述附加测试线圈被脉冲激励并且其电衰减行为被分析。在此,线圈阵列的构型方案特别合适,该线圈阵列经由其自身的磁场借助于涡流损耗或通过耦合因数的位移或通过线圈质量的变化来检测异物的存在。在此,线圈直径起着决定性的作用。线圈直径越小,空间分辨率就越精确,并且可以越早地检测到小的对象(分币,回形针等)。缺点是,细网格阵列照亮不了位于地面上/内的发射线圈与位于车辆中的接收/充电线圈之间的整个间隙。这是因为传感器阵列/线圈阵列的磁场大约仅与线圈直径一样长地照亮/检测。因此,细密网眼的网络/阵列检测不到布置在地面线圈的正上方高处的金属物体(例如,具有铝盖的直立酸奶杯,香烟盒子,纯突出的金属棒等)。
因此需要一种感应能量传输设备的监控设备,借助该监控设备可以缩放用于检测的线圈阵列的检测高度,而在此不改变机械线圈构型。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1的特征部分的设备具有可以可变地调节监控设备的检测高度的优点。
根据本发明,对此设置,监控设备用于监控从至少一个发射线圈到与所述至少一个发射线圈间隔开的至少一个接收线圈的感应能量传输设备,其中监测设备包括线圈阵列,具有单个线圈并且被设计用于监控至少一个发射线圈与至少一个接收线圈之间的间隙,其中单个线圈可单独控制。有利的是,通过合适的设计,照明高度/检测高度可以通过对各个阵列线圈进行合适的通电来自由选择。此外有利的是,这种类型的检测的特征在于高天气不敏感性和对车底下区域的照明的低依赖性。此外,检测边界可以清楚地限制在车辆下方的区域,这大大降低了误检率。
通过在从属权利要求中提到的措施可以实现在独立权利要求中说明的方法的有利的改进方案。
有利地,单个线圈以至少一个层布置在最密集的球形包络中(针对二维的最密集的圆形包络)。这具有以下优点:单个线圈仅彼此接触但不重叠,其中剩余的空白空间最小化。单个线圈或检测线圈的阵列有利地由蜂窝形布置构成。如果所有单个线圈都相同地通电,则因此可以在相对低的照明高度下实现高的空间分辨率。同样能够有利的是,线圈沿相反方向通电。
此外有利的是,线圈阵列的单个线圈互连成,使得在单个线圈失效的情况下剩余的单个线圈通过部分地接通和切断而互连成,使得剩余的单个线圈形成对称的网孔或由边缘和节点构成的对称的封闭队列。这是有利的,因为线圈阵列的布线因此被设计用于失效安全,使得在线圈单元失效时仍然可以运行不需要失效的单个线圈/线圈的图案。有利地,在此,只要形成没有缺陷的线圈/单个线圈的无故障的图案,不同的线圈图案也是可以的。
有利地,单个线圈被实施为圆形的或倒圆的或有角的平面线圈。利用这种线圈实施方案可以保证最密集的球形包络或最好圆形包络。
此外有利的是,监控设备衰减控制地运行。在衰减控制运行中,线圈阵列的衰减用于产生检测信号。也有利的是,谐振运行是可以的,其中检测线圈的电感被激励以与谐振电容器共振。
监控设备可以谐振运行。在谐振运行中,线圈阵列利用合适的布线在谐振点中进行控制,并且在此然后选择谐振回路的质量或耦合以用于产生检测信号。通过相同线圈阵列的不同布线,可以以这种方式有利地自由选择检测高度和分辨率。
对于本领域技术人员来说,参考附图从以下对示例性实施方式的描述中可见本发明的其他特征和优点,然而所述示例性实施方式不应解释为对本发明的限制。
附图说明
其中:
图1示出了车辆和感应式能量传输设备的示意图;
图2示出了线圈阵列的示意图;
图3示出了具有其他运行参数的线圈阵列的另一示意图;
图4示出了具有其他运行参数的线圈阵列的另一示意图;
图5示出了具有其他运行参数的线圈阵列的另一示意图;
所有附图仅仅是根据本发明的设备或其根据本发明的实施例的组成部分的示意图。特别地,距离和大小关系在附图中未严格按比例绘制。在不同附图中,相应的元件配备有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出了车辆17、用于感应式能量传输的设备10和监控设备13的示意图。车辆/电动车辆/混合动力车辆17处于静止状态。牵引电池18(这里未示出)经由用于感应式能量传输的设备10充电。就此而言,发射线圈/发射设备11嵌入在地板19中或位于地板19上。接收线圈/接收设备12布置在车辆17中 - 优选地布置在车辆17的底部中。在发射线圈11和接收器线圈12之间存在间隙14,也称为气隙14。监控设备13布置在该间隙14中并且优选位于发射线圈11上。监控设备13包括具有单个线圈16.1,16.2,...16.n的线圈阵列15。这些单个线圈16.1,16.2,...16.n可以不同地控制,并且优选地布置在密集的球形包络中或者二维地布置在最密集的圆形包络中。在此,线圈阵列(检测线圈阵列)15例如构造为单个线圈的蜂窝状布置。优选地,单个线圈16.1,16.2,...16.n实施为圆形的、倒圆的或有角的平面线圈。
图2示出了线圈阵列15的示意图。关于图1相同的元件配备有相同的附图标记并且没有详细解释。在图2的这个例子中,所有单个线圈16.1,16.2,... 16.n均匀地、优选对称地通电。图2中的箭头表明通电,但没有表明电流流动方向。由此,可以在相对低的照明高度/检测高度下实现高的空间分辨率。每个单独的线圈元件16.1-16.n的匝数可以变化并且根据功能方面和成本方面进行优化。在极端情况下,线圈元件仅由印制导线环构成。线圈阵列15的布线被设计用于失效安全,使得在单个线圈16.1 ... 16.n的复合体中的单个线圈/线圈单元失效时,还可以运行不再需要失效的单个线圈的图案。在此,只要形成没有缺陷的单个线圈16.x(x代表1,2,... n)的无故障的图案,不同的线圈图案也是可以的。
图3和图4示出了根据图2的线圈阵列15的另外的示意图。关于图2相同的元件配备有相同的附图标记,并且不再详细解释。在该实施例中,单个线圈16.x(划掉的)失效。线圈阵列15的布线被设计用于失效安全,这导致可以通过以下方式运行在该单个线圈失效的情况下的图案,即另外的线圈(以虚线示出)被切断,使得处于运行中的单个线圈所构成的图案形成高对称性。
例如,为了提高作用半径,磁性产生的网孔被放大。对此,形成更大的子结构,其也导致更大的检测高度。在合适的设计的情况下,照明高度/检测高度可以通过各个阵列线圈的匹配的通电来自由选择。检测高度以及由此较高的(浮动的)金属物体的可识别性也可以利用其他图案而增加。为了能够实现尽可能灵敏/精确的检测,由单个线圈16.1 ... 16.n组成的整个线圈阵列15可以既衰减控制地又谐振地运行。在衰减控制运行中,线圈阵列15的衰减用于产生检测信号。在谐振运行中,线圈阵列15利用合适的布线在谐振点中控制,并且在此选择谐振回路的质量或耦合以用于产生检测信号。通过相同线圈阵列15的不同布线,可以以这种方式自由选择检测高度和分辨率。为了检测不同的物体尺寸,不同的通电类型和几何网孔图案也可以依次接通并进行分析。
图5和图6示出了根据图2的线圈阵列15的另外的示意图。关于图2至图4相同的元件配备有相同的附图标记,并且不再详细解释。为了实现足够的磁场对称性,线圈阵列15的各个绕组中的电流强度也可以不同地设计。因此,例如处于少数(图中所示的虚线)的线圈位置可以更强地通电。也可以只给一部分线圈通电,以便因此在个别线圈中实现更强的电流/磁场集中。因此,为了防止磁场的局部消失或提高剩余线圈的磁场强度,只能对每个第二线圈通电。在另一个实施例中,单个线圈部分重叠。也可以设想,线圈阵列15的栅格尺寸也根据线圈阵列的中心而变化。因此在中间可以选择与在边缘处相比更窄的网格,或者反之。
Claims (6)
1. 用于监控从至少一个发射线圈(11)到与所述至少一个发射线圈(11)间隔开的至少一个接收线圈(12)的感应式能量传输设备(10)的监控设备(13),其中所述监控设备(13)包括线圈阵列(15),所述线圈阵列具有单个线圈(16.1,16.2,... 16.n)并且被设计用于监控在所述至少一个发射线圈(11)和所述至少一个接收线圈(12)之间的间隙(14),其特征在于,所述单个线圈(16.1,16.2,... 16.n)能够单独地控制,并且因此检测高度能够可变地调节。
2.根据权利要求1所述的监控设备(13),其特征在于,所述单个线圈(16.1,16.2,...16.n)布置在最密集的球形包络中。
3. 根据权利要求1和2所述的监控设备(13),其特征在于,线圈阵列(15)的单个线圈(16.1,16.2,... 16.n)互连成,使得在单个线圈失效的情况下,剩余的单个线圈(16.1,16.2,... 16.n)通过部分地接通和断开而互连成,使得所述剩余的单个线圈形成对称的网孔或由边缘和节点构成的对称的封闭队列。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的监控设备(13),其特征在于,所述单个线圈(16.1,16.2,...16.n)实施为倒圆的或有角的平面线圈。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的监控设备(13),其特征在于,所述监控设备(13)衰减控制地运行。
6.根据前述权利要求1至5中任一项所述的监控设备(13),其特征在于,所述监控设备谐振地运行。
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PCT/EP2016/076381 WO2017092949A1 (de) | 2015-12-02 | 2016-11-02 | Überwachungsvorrichtung zur überwachung einer induktiven energieübertragungsvorrichtung |
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US20210083526A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-03-18 | General Electric Company | Device and method for detecting a foreign object in a wireless power transfer system |
US20210078426A1 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-03-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for determining an alignment of an apparatus coil |
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WO2017092949A1 (de) | 2017-06-08 |
JP6603415B2 (ja) | 2019-11-06 |
KR20180088688A (ko) | 2018-08-06 |
TW201721185A (zh) | 2017-06-16 |
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