CN108115135B - Device for controlling temperature in metal additive manufacturing process - Google Patents

Device for controlling temperature in metal additive manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108115135B
CN108115135B CN201711459891.7A CN201711459891A CN108115135B CN 108115135 B CN108115135 B CN 108115135B CN 201711459891 A CN201711459891 A CN 201711459891A CN 108115135 B CN108115135 B CN 108115135B
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water
temperature
printing
supply unit
air
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CN108115135A (en
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李利军
于海波
严连菊
孔令宗
陟成刚
卓炎
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South Zeng Cai Science and Technology Ltd.
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Nanfang Additive Manufacturing Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30Process control
    • B22F10/32Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20Cooling means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/37Rotatable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70Gas flow means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for controlling the temperature in the metal additive manufacturing process, which comprises a printing substrate, a printing component arranged on the outer surface of the printing substrate, a cooling device and a temperature monitor, wherein the temperature monitor is used for monitoring the real-time temperature of the printing component; the cooling device comprises a water mist spray head, an integrated pipeline connected with the water mist spray head, an air supply unit and a water supply unit connected with the integrated pipeline, wherein the water mist spray head is arranged inside the printing base body and is away from the inner surface of the printing base body by a preset distance; and balance water for balancing the overall temperature of the printing component is introduced into the printing substrate. The invention has simple structure, realizes quick and uniform cooling and accurate control of printing temperature, and has the error within +/-15 ℃.

Description

Device for controlling temperature in metal additive manufacturing process
Technical Field
The invention relates to metal additive manufacturing equipment, in particular to a device for controlling the temperature of a metal additive manufacturing process.
Background
Metal additive manufacturing (3D printing) is a technique of constructing a metal part by stacking layers of metal wire or powder on top of each other using a digital model as a basis, a laser, an arc, or the like as a heat source. The metal 3D printing technology with the electric arc as the heat source has the following characteristics in the printing thermal cycle: 1. in the printing process, the volume of a molten pool is larger than that of laser printing, and is generally 30-100 g. 2. During printing, the arc energy is high and concentrated, the maximum temperature can reach more than 1700 ℃, and the molten pool metal is in an overheated state. 3. In the printing process, the heat source is small and the movement is implemented, so that the printing temperature field is an extremely unbalanced temperature field.
From the knowledge of the metal science, under the condition that the chemical composition of the metal material is constant, the crystallization condition (i.e. high-temperature retention time and cooling speed) of the material determines the internal structure of the material, and further determines the physical and chemical properties of the material. Temperature control is critical to ensure the performance of the printed metal.
The electric arc continuously provides high heat during the printing process, if the electric arc is not cooled, the interlayer temperature is up to more than 350 ℃, so that the high-temperature retention time of molten pool metal is long, the cooling speed is slow, the internal structure is coarse, and the material performance is deteriorated. The printing temperature of the common carbon steel printing is required to be not higher than 300 ℃; the printing temperature of the stainless steel is not higher than 150 ℃; the printing temperature of the alloy steel and the heat-resistant steel is required to be not higher than 250 ℃, and the preheating temperature is generally not lower than 100 ℃.
Without controlling the printing temperature, the following problems arise:
1. the print temperature is actually the inter-print-lane temperature, which is the highest temperature before the print path. When the interlayer temperature is too high, deposited metal grains are coarse, the strength and the low-temperature impact toughness of a printed product are reduced, and when the printing temperature is too low, gas, nonmetal inclusions and the like of liquid deposited metal cannot be sufficiently overflowed and are trapped in the metal to form defects.
2. The metal has requirements on the cooling speed of molten pool metal in the printing process, the cooling speed is too high, a hardened structure is easily formed, the strength is high, the impact toughness is poor, the cooling speed is slow, the high-temperature retention time is long, the crystal grains are coarse, and even an overheated structure is generated.
3. The requirement for the environment around the molten pool is high, and water, steam and other chemical agents are not required to influence the performance of printed metal.
From the above, in the additive manufacturing process, temperature control is the key to ensure material performance, but the control difficulty is extremely high. At present, no effective feasible method exists, natural air cooling is generally adopted, the cooling speed is low, the printing efficiency is low, and the rapid forming is difficult to realize. Or the back is sprayed with water for cooling.
The cooling speed of natural air cooling is low, the printing is stopped after one time of printing is finished, the waiting temperature is reduced, the cooling speed cannot be controlled, the printing efficiency is low, the number of joints is increased due to multiple times of stopping, and the material performance is reduced.
When the back water cooling method is adopted, the influence of water quantity change on temperature is huge, the water quantity is difficult to adjust, water cooling is directly adopted, the cooling speed is too high, and the adjusting range of the cooling speed is extremely small. And in the cooling process, cooling water is heated and evaporated, so that the air humidity is increased, and the printing quality and the working environment are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device for controlling the temperature in the metal additive manufacturing process, which has a simple structure, realizes quick and uniform cooling and accurately controls the printing temperature, and has an error within +/-15 ℃.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for controlling temperature in a metal additive manufacturing process, so as to control an unbalanced temperature field in the manufacturing process, so that the unbalanced temperature field is approximately balanced in a macroscopic view.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for controlling temperature in a metal additive manufacturing process, which removes the influence of water vapor on air humidity.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for controlling temperature in a metal additive manufacturing process, so as to achieve quantitative adjustment of a cooling system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a device for controlling the temperature in the metal additive manufacturing process, which comprises a printing substrate, a printing component arranged on the outer surface of the printing substrate, a cooling device and a temperature monitor, wherein the temperature monitor is used for monitoring the real-time temperature of the printing component;
the cooling device comprises a water mist spray head, an integrated pipeline connected with the water mist spray head, an air supply unit and a water supply unit connected with the integrated pipeline, wherein the water mist spray head is arranged inside the printing base body and is away from the inner surface of the printing base body by a preset distance;
and balance water for balancing the overall temperature of the printing component is introduced into the printing substrate.
The improvement of the scheme is that the temperature of the printing substrate and/or the printing component is controlled to be randomly adjustable within 100-300 ℃ through a temperature monitor, a cooling device and the consumption and temperature of balance water, and the precision is +/-15 ℃;
the equilibrium water in the printing substrate is controlled, so that the temperature of the printing component at any position is within the range of the target control temperature, and the precision is +/-15 ℃.
As an improvement of the scheme, the cooling device comprises a plurality of water mist spray heads, the water quantity and the air quantity of each water mist spray head can be independently adjusted, and the spray surfaces of every two water mist spray heads are overlapped.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the air supply unit comprises an air valve, an air pressure gauge and an air channel, and the water supply unit comprises a cooling water valve, a water flowmeter and a water channel;
the integrated conduit includes at least one air channel and at least two water channels disposed around the air channel.
As an improvement of the scheme, the integrated pipeline comprises an air channel and six water channels, the air channel is arranged in the middle, the three water channels form a group, the water channels in different groups are respectively arranged on two sides of the air channel, and each group of water channels are arranged in a triangular shape.
As an improvement of the scheme, a fog baffle is arranged in the printing substrate, and the printing substrate is filled with water vapor;
the printing substrate is of a tubular structure.
As an improvement of the scheme, the printing device further comprises a water mist extraction device, wherein the water mist extraction device is connected with the printing substrate and is used for exhausting water vapor inside the printing substrate.
As an improvement of the scheme, the distance between the water mist spray head and the printing substrate is 200-400 mm.
As an improvement of the scheme, a printing gun head is arranged above the printing component, the cooling device and the printing gun head are installed on the movable support base, and the cooling device moves back and forth and left and right along with the printing gun head so that the printing gun head is positioned in the center of the cooling water mist.
As a modification of the above, the printing member is a metal member;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 100 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1-10L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 30-60 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is 150-400 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 150 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1.5-8L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 40-70 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 100-300 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 200 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.5-6L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 50-80 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 50-250 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 250 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.1-5L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 300 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0-3L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cooling device comprises a water mist spray head, an integrated pipeline, an air supply unit and a water supply unit, wherein the water mist spray head is arranged in the printing base body and is used for spraying cooling water mist, and the cooling water mist acts on the printing base body which is in contact with the printing member. Meanwhile, balance water for balancing the whole temperature of the printing component is introduced into the printing substrate, so that the printing substrate and the printing component are controlled to be adjustable within 100-300 ℃ and the printing temperature is controlled to be +/-15 ℃ due to the simple structure. Moreover, the temperature of the printing component at any position can be within the range of the target control temperature, and the precision is +/-15 ℃.
The invention comprises a temperature monitor, wherein the air supply unit and the water supply unit are provided with sensitive valves and flowmeters, so that the size of cooling water mist can be quantitatively adjusted, and the purposes of accurately adjusting and controlling the cooling speed and the interlayer temperature are achieved.
The invention has no influence on the printing environment, water vapor is discharged out of the printing area through the water vapor extraction device, the air humidity cannot be increased due to the water vapor, and the influence of the water vapor on the air humidity is removed.
Fourthly, the invention has wide application range. The original water cooling method can only be used for austenitic stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and other materials which have no preheating temperature requirement and low sensitivity to water, but the interlayer temperature of the invention is controllable, the steam influence is removed, and the invention can be applied to various steel products and nonferrous metals.
According to the invention, through accurately regulating and controlling the cooling speed and the interlayer temperature, the prepared metal member has excellent mechanical property and good structural characteristics.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special device for wire electrode electrofusion additive manufacturing of a metal component according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water mist head according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an integrated circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of one embodiment of a printing substrate of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a printing substrate of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an apparatus for temperature control of a metal additive manufacturing process, comprising a printing substrate 13, a printing member 1 disposed on an outer surface of the printing substrate 13, a cooling device 30, and a temperature monitor 4, wherein the temperature monitor 4 is used for monitoring a real-time temperature of the printing member 1. And a printing gun head 2 is arranged above the printing component 1.
Cooling device 30 includes water smoke shower nozzle 10, integrated pipeline 9 be connected with water smoke shower nozzle 10, air feed unit 31 and the water supply unit 32 be connected with integrated pipeline 9, the inside of printing base member 13 is located to water smoke shower nozzle 10, water smoke shower nozzle 10 is apart from printing base member 13 internal surface and predetermines the distance, water smoke shower nozzle 10 is used for spouting cooling water smoke, cooling water smoke acts on and prints on the base member 13 with printing that component 1 contacted.
The printing substrate 13 is internally filled with balance water 20 for balancing the overall temperature of the printing component.
The equilibrium water in the printing substrate is controlled, so that the temperature of the printing component at any position is within the range of the target control temperature, and the precision is +/-15 ℃. And the temperature is adjusted by controlling the using amount and temperature of the balance water and combining the water supply unit and the air supply unit, so that the temperature of the printing substrate and/or the printing component can be controlled to be randomly adjusted within 100-300 ℃, and the precision is +/-15 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2, the cooling device 30 includes a plurality of water mist heads 10, the amount of water and air of each water mist head 10 can be adjusted individually, and the spray surfaces of every two water mist heads 10 are overlapped. Preferably, the cooling device 30 comprises four water mist heads 10, the amount of water and air of each water mist head 10 can be adjusted independently, each of the four water mist heads 10 has a separate integrated pipe, and the four water mist heads 10 are distributed in a substantially square shape. The spraying surfaces of every two water mist spray heads 10 are overlapped to form a continuous and large spraying surface below the printing substrate 13, so that the effective heat exchange surface is increased, the cooling speed is increased, and the uniformity of the temperature of the printing substrate 13 is improved.
Preferably, the distance between the water mist nozzle 10 and the printing substrate 13 is 200-400mm, which can ensure that the printing substrate 13 has a larger contact surface with the spraying surface. Preferably, the distance between the water mist nozzle 10 and the printing substrate 13 is 250mm and 280mm, so as to ensure that the printing substrate 13 has the largest contact surface with the spraying surface.
The air supply unit 31 comprises an air valve 5, a barometer 3 and an air channel 8A, and the water supply unit 32 comprises a cooling water valve 6, a water flowmeter 7 and a water channel 8B; the integrated conduit includes an air passage and a water passage.
As shown in fig. 3, the integrated pipe 9 comprises at least one air passage 18 and at least two water passages 17, the water passages 17 being arranged around the air passage 18 for conveying compressed air and cooling water.
Preferably, the integrated pipeline 9 comprises an air channel 18 and six water channels 17, the air channel 18 is arranged in the middle, the three water channels 17 form a group, the water channels of different groups are respectively arranged on two sides of the air channel 18, and each group of water channels 17 is arranged in a triangular shape.
The cooling device is mainly responsible for making water and compressed air into cooling water mist 11, cooling a printed piece, adjusting a cooling water valve to control the size (namely cooling capacity) of the cooling water mist, and the flow meter can quantitatively reflect the size of the cooling water mist. When printing, the printing gun head heats and cools the water mist, the mutual action of the printing gun head and the cooling water mist achieves temperature balance, and the temperature control purpose is achieved by adjusting the size of the water mist through the valve.
The temperature monitor 4 preferably uses a far infrared temperature sensor, the model is C73M, the temperature measurement range is 100-600 ℃, an infrared probe of the temperature monitor is connected with the printing gun head and moves along with the printing gun head to monitor the printing temperature at any time, and a display of the temperature monitor is digital display equipment to visually display the interlayer temperature. Meanwhile, other temperature monitoring equipment can be assisted to monitor the printed piece with the interlayer temperature lower than 100 ℃.
It should be noted that other types of temperature monitors can be used as long as the purpose of temperature monitoring is achieved.
The invention monitors the real-time temperature of the printing component through the temperature monitor, and can quantitatively adjust the cooling water mist and the balance water by adjusting the air pressure of the air supply unit, the water flow of the water supply unit and the using amount and the temperature of the balance water, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately adjusting and controlling the cooling speed and the interlayer temperature.
Preferably, when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 100 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1-10L/min, balanced water is used, the temperature of the balanced water is 30-60 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is 150-400 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 150 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1.5-8L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 40-70 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 100-300 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 200 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.5-6L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 50-80 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 50-250 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 250 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.1-5L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 300 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0-3L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm.
Preferably, when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 100 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1.5-8L/min, balanced water is used, the temperature of the balanced water is 30-60 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is 180-300 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 150 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 2-7L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 40-70 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 150-250 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 200 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1.0-5L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 50-80 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 100-200 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 250 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.5-3L/min, and balance water is used, wherein the temperature of the balance water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is less than 80 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 300 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.7-0.8MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0-2L/min, and balance water is used, wherein the temperature of the balance water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is less than 80 mm.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the printing substrate 13 has a tubular structure. The printing substrate 13 is arranged on a load-bearing turntable 16 for enabling self-rotation of the printing substrate. Preferably, the cross section of the printing substrate 13 is circular or square, and the material is generally carbon steel or low alloy steel material with good heat conductivity, and the shape and material can be changed according to the printing requirement if necessary.
A mist baffle plate 12 is arranged inside the printing substrate 13, and water vapor 14 is filled inside the printing substrate 13. The mist barrier 12 blocks water vapor from drifting to the print area while reducing the risk of scalding by steam and hot water.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a water mist extraction device 15, wherein the water mist extraction device 15 is connected with the printing substrate 13 and is used for discharging water vapor inside the printing substrate 13 so as to ensure that the humidity of a printing area is not influenced by water mist. Specifically, the water mist pumping device 15 is a negative pressure pumping device, which mainly includes a blower and an exhaust duct, but is not limited thereto.
Further, in order to better ensure that the printer head has the best cooling effect, the cooling device 30 and the printer head 2 are arranged on the movable support base, and the cooling device moves back and forth and left and right along with the printer head so as to enable the printer head to be positioned in the center of the cooling water mist. The movable support base is designed with reference to the prior art.
Moreover, in order to ensure that the metal component has the optimal mechanical property, after printing is finished, the first layer of printing metal of the printing component is removed. This is because the print gun head performs the first-layer preheating printing, and the interlayer temperature rises instantaneously due to the huge heat provided by the print gun head, so that the print gun head cannot achieve the optimal temperature parameter and cannot obtain the optimal mechanical properties. The first printed metal layer is typically machined away along with the substrate.
When in work, the invention is controlled according to the following steps:
(1) the printing gun head 2 performs first-layer preheating printing;
(2) and when printing the second layer, opening the air valve 5 and the cooling water valve 6, adjusting the cooling water valve by contrasting the temperature monitor 4, and controlling the interlayer temperature in the middle area with parameter requirements. The cooling mist is evaporated into steam by heat, the steam is filled in the printing substrate 13, and the steam is pumped out by the mist pumping device 15 and discharged out of the printing area. The specific printing temperature control parameters are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001530042730000081
Figure BDA0001530042730000091
during printing, the temperature monitoring device 4 monitors the interlayer temperature in real time. When the interlayer temperature rises, the cooling water valve 6 is adjusted according to the water flow meter, and the cooling water flow is increased, so that the cooling speed is increased, and the interlayer temperature is reduced; when the interlayer temperature is reduced, the cooling water mist is reduced compared with the water flow meter 7, the cooling speed is reduced, and the interlayer temperature is reduced. The stability of the interlayer temperature is controlled by this feedback regulation method.
(3) And (3) repeating the temperature control step in the step (2) when printing other layers.
(4) After printing is finished, the preheating printing layer needs to be mechanically removed.
It should be noted that the printing temperature control parameters can be adjusted according to actual production conditions and requirements of the finished metal member, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the illustrated example.
In conclusion, the device can accurately control the temperature of the printing substrate and/or the printing component to be 100-300 ℃ and the precision to be +/-15 ℃, and ensures that the manufactured metal component obtains ideal mechanical properties. The metal component of the invention is tested for mechanical properties, and the result is as follows:
Figure BDA0001530042730000092
it should be noted that the tensile strength (tensile strength) is a critical value for the transition of the metal from uniform plastic deformation to local concentrated plastic deformation, and is also the maximum load-bearing capacity of the metal under static tension conditions.
The yield strength is the yield limit at which the metal material yields, i.e., the stress against a slight amount of plastic deformation.
The elongation after fracture refers to the percentage of the elongation length of the test bar to the original length when the metal material is fractured under the action of external force (tensile force).
The reduction of area refers to the reduction of area when the material is broken by a tensile force, and the ratio of the reduced area to the original area is called the reduction of area.
As can be seen from the above table, the tensile strength and yield strength of the metal member prepared by the invention are high, which proves that the strength is high; the larger the elongation and the reduction of area after fracture are, the larger the plasticity of the material is, which not only facilitates various processing, but also ensures the safe use of the material in engineering. Therefore, the invention greatly improves the mechanical properties of the formed workpiece, such as plasticity, toughness, strength, high-temperature creep and the like.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus for temperature control in a metal additive manufacturing process, comprising a printing substrate, a printing member disposed on an outer surface of the printing substrate, a cooling device, and a temperature monitor for monitoring a real-time temperature of the printing member;
the cooling device comprises a water mist spray head, an integrated pipeline connected with the water mist spray head, an air supply unit connected with the integrated pipeline and a water supply unit connected with the integrated pipeline, wherein the water mist spray head is arranged inside the printing base body, the distance between the water mist spray head and the inner surface of the printing base body is preset, the water mist spray head is used for spraying cooling water mist, and the cooling water mist acts on the printing base body contacted with the printing component;
introducing balance water for balancing the overall temperature of the printing component into the printing substrate;
the temperature of the printing substrate and/or the printing component is controlled to be randomly adjustable within 100-300 ℃ through a temperature monitor, a cooling device, the using amount of balance water and the temperature of the balance water, and the precision is +/-15 ℃;
by controlling the balance water in the printing matrix, the temperature of the printing component at any position is in the range of the target control temperature, and the precision is +/-15 ℃;
the printing substrate and the printing component are metal components;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 100 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1-10L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 30-60 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is 150-400 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 150 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 1.5-8L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 40-70 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 100-300 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 200 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.5-6L/min, balance water is used, the temperature of the balance water is 50-80 ℃, and the water level of the balance water is 50-250 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 250 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0.1-5L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm;
when the interlayer temperature of the printed metal is 300 ℃, the air pressure of the air supply unit is 0.5-1.0MPa, the water flow of the water supply unit is 0-3L/min, and balanced water is used, wherein the temperature of the balanced water is 50-90 ℃, and the water level of the balanced water is less than 100 mm.
2. The apparatus for metal additive manufacturing process temperature control according to claim 1, wherein the cooling apparatus comprises a plurality of water mist heads, the amount of water and air of each water mist head is individually adjustable, and the mist surfaces of every two water mist heads overlap.
3. The apparatus for metal additive manufacturing process temperature control of claim 1, wherein the air supply unit comprises an air valve, an air pressure gauge, and an air passage, and the water supply unit comprises a cooling water valve, a water flow meter, and a water passage;
the integrated conduit includes at least one air channel and at least two water channels disposed around the air channel.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the integrated pipe comprises an air channel and six water channels, the air channel is disposed in the middle, the three water channels are in one group, the water channels in different groups are disposed on two sides of the air channel, and each group of water channels is arranged in a triangle.
5. The apparatus for metal additive manufacturing process temperature control according to claim 1, wherein a mist barrier is provided inside the printing substrate, and the printing substrate is filled with water vapor;
the printing substrate is of a tubular structure.
6. The apparatus for metal additive manufacturing process temperature control of claim 5, further comprising a water mist extraction device coupled to the print substrate for removing water vapor from an interior of the print substrate.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distance between the water mist head and the printing substrate is 200-400 mm.
8. The apparatus for metal additive manufacturing process temperature control according to claim 1, wherein a print gun head is arranged above the printing member, the cooling device and the print gun head are mounted on a movable support base, and the cooling device moves back and forth and left and right along with the print gun head so that the print gun head is located at the center of the cooling water mist.
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