CN107909757A - Fiber-optic vibration safety pre-warning system vibration source method for early warning based on sequential detection - Google Patents

Fiber-optic vibration safety pre-warning system vibration source method for early warning based on sequential detection Download PDF

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CN107909757A
CN107909757A CN201711108251.1A CN201711108251A CN107909757A CN 107909757 A CN107909757 A CN 107909757A CN 201711108251 A CN201711108251 A CN 201711108251A CN 107909757 A CN107909757 A CN 107909757A
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alarm
sequential
time
degree
threshold value
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CN107909757B (en
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李国相
苟武侯
周莹
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Beijing Aerospace Tianhong Intelligent Equipment Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Aerospace Yilian Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/12Mechanical actuation by the breaking or disturbance of stretched cords or wires
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fiber-optic vibration safety pre-warning system vibration source method for early warning based on sequential detection, including:Fiber-optic vibration signal data is obtained, determines that vibration signal data in the locus of optical fiber, establishes the two-dimensional array based on time and space arrangement, wherein:The abscissa of two-dimensional array is the locus axis, and the ordinate of two-dimensional array is time shaft, and the method for early warning step further comprises:The first step:The sequential detection model of two dimension is established according to two-dimensional array;Second step:Alert levels are determined by the two-dimentional sequential detection model of foundation, perform warning output;Compared with prior art, the method for the present invention fast response time, false alarm rate are low, false dismissed rate is low, carry out cumulative analysis to alarm degree using sequential method, ensure contribution of the vibration to alarm degree every time, realize the quick response to continuous type vibration source.

Description

Vibration source early warning method of optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration source early warning method of an optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection, which is a new solution scheme provided for reducing parameters such as response time, system false alarm rate, alarm leakage rate and the like of the traditional safety early warning system based on frequency.
Background
With the rapid development of urban construction, more and more building facilities and areas need to be protected safely, such as military facilities, power stations, hospitals, petroleum pipelines and the like. The optical fiber vibration safety early warning system adopts the passive distributed optical fiber as a sensor, and has the advantages of strong anti-interference capability, large detection distance and the like. The optical fiber vibration safety early warning system detects external vibration signals along the optical fiber line, automatically identifies vibration source types through relevant processing of detection signals, realizes timely warning of harmful behaviors and has important practical value.
At present, the signal detection technology is relatively mature, and the signal-to-noise ratio analysis is performed on the vibration data acquired by the sensor to extract a signal part, so that the existence of the signal is judged. However, there is a difficulty in signal type identification for the detected signal. The existing common vibration source identification methods comprise a linear classifier, a neural network, variance analysis, chaos analysis, a support vector machine and the like, and all the methods need to learn and train a large number of samples, so that the calculation amount is large, and the problems of training convergence and the like exist.
For vibration signals detected in the early warning system, once the vibration source type is determined, corresponding early warning processing can be performed, however, in most cases, the vibration source type has the characteristics of high identification difficulty, multiple new vibration source types and the like, and therefore, for the situation, the continuity of the vibration source needs to be analyzed, and the system false alarm rate and the false alarm rate are reduced. The method aims at the problems of false alarm rate, false alarm rate omission and the like in the optical fiber safety early warning system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration source early warning method of an optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection, which analyzes the possibility of harmful vibration sources at the same position (namely the alarm degree), establishes a secondary early warning strategy model, reduces the false alarm rate and the false alarm rate of the system, realizes automatic classification of alarm types and enhances the practical value of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a vibration source early warning method of an optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection comprises the following steps: acquiring optical fiber vibration signal data, determining the spatial position of the vibration signal data in an optical fiber, and establishing a two-dimensional array based on time and spatial arrangement, wherein: the abscissa of the two-dimensional array is the spatial position axis, the ordinate of the two-dimensional array is a time axis, and the early warning method further comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a two-dimensional sequential detection model according to the two-dimensional array;
the second step is that: determining an alarm level through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and executing alarm output;
the two-dimensional sequential detection model is a formula:
in the formula:
l (t, k) represents the sequential alarm degree at the kth position at the time t;
Δ L (t, k) represents the sequential alarm degree increment at kth position at time t;
t represents time in seconds on the time axis;
k represents the position point of the vibration signal on the spatial position axis;
k n the length of a protection interval of the nth point in the axial direction of the spatial position;
x t,j j = k-k representing t time n A vibration signal amplitude coefficient at each location;
S(x t,j ) Representing the amplitude coefficient of the vibration signal as x t,j A lower alarm degree coefficient;
alpha is a sequential alarm degree increasing factor, and alpha is greater than 0;
gamma is a sequential alarm degree reduction factor, and gamma is less than 0;
ε k a vibration signal continuity factor for the kth position;
the alarm level is determined through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and the alarm output is executed as follows:
setting alarm levels as two levels, namely a first-level early warning and a second-level alarm, and setting an early warning threshold value and an alarm threshold value respectively;
calculating the two-dimensional array by using the two-dimensional sequential detection model to obtain the sequential alarm degree of the vibration signal data at the spatial position of the optical fiber, (calculating the sequential alarm degree of all the vibration signals after preprocessing and alarm degree mapping), and comparing the sequential alarm degree with an early warning threshold value and an alarm threshold value:
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the early-warning threshold value, determining to send out an early-warning alarm signal for early-warning alarm, and recording early-warning time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the alarm threshold value, determining to send out an advanced alarm signal for advanced alarm, and recording alarm time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree continuously exceeds a set duration threshold value between the early warning threshold value and the alarm threshold value, determining to send out a low-level alarm signal for low-level alarm, and recording alarm time and position information.
The scheme is further as follows: the determination of the spatial position of the vibration signal data in the optical fiber is as follows: and dividing the acquired optical fiber vibration signal data into the section position of the vibration signal in the optical fiber through spectrum analysis, wherein the section position is the space position of the optical fiber.
The scheme is further as follows: the method steps further include:
and when the sequential alarm degree at the same position is reduced from being higher than the early-warning threshold value to being lower than the early-warning threshold value, the early-warning alarm signal is removed, and the removal time and the position information are recorded.
The scheme is further as follows: the obtaining formula of the vibration signal continuity factor is as follows:
wherein: t is t n The protection time length is reduced for the sequential alarm degree.
The scheme is further as follows: the method steps further include: establishing an alarm level confirmation model, and automatically labeling the alarm level, wherein the alarm level confirmation model can be expressed as a formula:
n k =f(t 2,k -t 1,k )
wherein:
n k indicating an alarm level for the kth location point;
t 1,k representing the k position point early warning time;
t 2,k indicating the kth position point alarm time.
The scheme is further as follows: the value range of the alarm degree coefficient is 0-1, the sequential alarm degree ascending factor is equal to 1, and the sequential alarm degree descending factor is equal to-0.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the response speed is high, the alarm degree is subjected to accumulated analysis by adopting a sequential method, the contribution of each vibration to the alarm degree is ensured, and the quick response to the continuous vibration source is realized;
2. the false alarm rate is low, a secondary early warning strategy model is adopted, and a mapping function model from vibration data to alarm degree is combined, so that the influence of interference signals on an alarm strategy is avoided, and the false alarm rate of the system is reduced;
3. the false alarm rate is low, an algorithm based on the sequential alarm degree is established, a certain memory function is provided for intermittent signals, and the low false alarm rate is realized.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of pre-processed field vibration signal data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional sequential alarm degree algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the sequential alarm degree calculation results;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage warning strategy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A vibration source early warning method of an optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection comprises the following steps: acquiring optical fiber vibration signal data, preprocessing the acquired vibration signal data, determining the spatial position of the vibration signal data in an optical fiber, and establishing a two-dimensional array based on time and spatial arrangement as shown in fig. 1, wherein: the abscissa of the two-dimensional array is the spatial position axis, the ordinate of the two-dimensional array is a time axis, and the early warning method further comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a two-dimensional sequential detection model according to the two-dimensional array;
the second step: determining an alarm level through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and executing alarm output;
the two-dimensional sequential detection model is a formula:
in the formula:
l (t, k) represents the sequential alarm degree at the kth position at the time t;
Δ L (t, k) represents the sequential increment of the alarm degree at the kth position at time t;
t represents time in seconds on the time axis;
k represents the position point of the vibration signal on the spatial position axis;
k n the length of a protection interval of the nth point in the axial direction of the spatial position;
x t,j j = k-k representing t time n A vibration signal amplitude coefficient at each location; x is the number of t,j ≥0
S(x t,j ) Representing the amplitude coefficient of the vibration signal as x t,j A lower alarm degree coefficient;
alpha is a sequential alarm degree rising factor, and alpha is greater than 0;
gamma is a sequential alarm degree reduction factor, and gamma is less than 0;
ε k a vibration signal continuity factor for the kth position;
fig. 2 shows the principle of the two-dimensional sequential alarm degree algorithm, which is an embodiment of fig. 1, and transversely represents the position of the section of the optical fiber, and fig. 3 is a corresponding sequential alarm degree calculation result curve.
The alarm level is determined through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and the alarm output is executed as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, the alarm levels are set to two levels, which are respectively a first-level early warning and a second-level alarm, and an early warning threshold value, such as the low threshold in fig. 4, and an alarm threshold value, such as the high threshold in fig. 4, are respectively set;
calculating the two-dimensional array by using the two-dimensional sequential detection model to obtain the sequential alarm degree of the vibration signal data at the spatial position of the optical fiber, (calculating the sequential alarm degree of all the vibration signals after preprocessing and alarm degree mapping), and comparing the sequential alarm degree with an early warning threshold value and an alarm threshold value:
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the early-warning threshold value, determining to send out an early-warning alarm signal for early-warning alarm, and recording early-warning time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the alarm threshold value, determining to send out an advanced alarm signal for advanced alarm, and recording alarm time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree continuously exceeds a set duration threshold value between the early warning threshold value and the alarm threshold value, determining to send a low-level alarm signal for low-level alarm, and recording alarm time and position information; the time threshold may be set according to actual needs, and may be several hundred milliseconds, several seconds, or several tens of seconds, for example.
Wherein: the spatial position of the vibration signal data in the optical fiber is determined as follows: and dividing the acquired optical fiber vibration signal data into the section position of the vibration signal in the optical fiber through spectrum analysis, wherein the section position is the space position of the optical fiber.
The preprocessing signal is a real number not less than 0, the larger the numerical value is, the stronger the vibration is, the higher the contribution rate to the alarm degree is, the vibration signal data is actually an optical fiber vibration frequency spectrum signal, the preprocessing is to find out the position of an optical fiber section corresponding to the frequency spectrum signal by utilizing frequency spectrum analysis, and further to determine the spatial position of the vibration signal data in the optical fiber, and the method is a known mature technology.
In the examples: the method steps further include:
and when the sequential alarm degree at the same position is reduced from being higher than the early-warning threshold value to being lower than the early-warning threshold value, the early-warning alarm signal is removed, and the removal time and the position information are recorded.
Wherein: the obtaining formula of the vibration signal continuity factor is as follows:
wherein: t is t n The protection time length is the sequential alarm degree reduction.
Wherein: the method steps further include: establishing an alarm level confirmation model, and automatically labeling the alarm level, wherein the alarm level confirmation model can be expressed as a formula:
n k =f(t 2,k -t 1,k )
wherein:
n k an alarm level indicating a kth location point;
t 1,k representing the k position point early warning time;
t 2,k indicating the kth position point alarm time.
The preferable scheme is as follows: the value range of the alarm degree coefficient is 0-1, the sequential alarm degree increasing factor alpha is equal to 1, and the sequential alarm degree decreasing factor gamma is equal to-0.2.
In an embodiment, the signal preprocessed as described above is a number not less than 0, and the data is greater than zero only when the presence of the vibration signal is detected. Because the amount of preprocessed signal data is large, in order to avoid system alarm caused by one time of large preprocessed data, an alarm degree coefficient S (x) is set t,j ) The range of the value range is 0-1, and the influence range of each vibration on the alarm degree is ensured to be changed between 0 and 1 by establishing a mapping relation from the vibration data to the alarm degree, and the relational expression is as follows:
wherein:
x t,j representing the amplitude coefficient, x, of the preprocessed vibration signal t,j ≥0;
S(x t,j ) Representing the signal amplitude coefficient as x t,j The alarm degree under the condition is in a value range of 0-1;
beta represents a factor of change of the alarm degree along with the vibration signal, beta is greater than 0 and is an empirical parameter, and beta =1 is often adopted;
S 0 representing an alarm degree adjustment coefficient;
to prevent the deviation of the acquired vibration signals due to the positioning accuracy, k is used n The guard interval length is shown by a long and horizontal dashed line in fig. 2. Meanwhile, t is set in consideration of signal continuity factors n As the signal continuity determination threshold, as shown by a vertical dashed line box in fig. 2, the relationship of the corresponding vibration signal continuity determination factor is:
in the above embodiment, a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional sequential alarm degree algorithm is shown in fig. 2, where calculating the sequential alarm degree at time t and position k involves the previous time t n Time and left and right k n Vibration data of the spot. By calculating the sequential alarm degree information of all the points and combining the two-stage early warning strategy model and the early warning level model shown in fig. 4, the early warning level analysis is performed on the vibration source at the current position, and the automatic processing of the alarm and the alarm level is realized. The advantages are that: the response speed is high, the alarm degree is subjected to accumulated analysis by adopting a sequential method, the contribution of each vibration to the alarm degree is ensured, and the quick response to the continuous vibration source is realized; the false alarm rate is low, a secondary early warning strategy model is adopted, and a mapping function model from vibration data to alarm degree is combined, so that the influence of interference signals on an alarm strategy is avoided, and the false alarm rate of the system is reduced; the false-missing rate is low, an algorithm based on the sequential alarm degree is established, a certain memory function is provided for intermittent signals, and the low false-missing rate is realized.

Claims (6)

1. A vibration source early warning method of an optical fiber vibration safety early warning system based on sequential detection comprises the following steps: acquiring optical fiber vibration signal data, determining the spatial position of the vibration signal data in an optical fiber, and establishing a two-dimensional array based on time and spatial arrangement, wherein: the abscissa of the two-dimensional array is the spatial position axis, and the ordinate of the two-dimensional array is a time axis, and the early warning method is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing a two-dimensional sequential detection model according to the two-dimensional array;
the second step is that: determining an alarm level through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and executing alarm output;
the two-dimensional sequential detection model is a formula:
in the formula:
l (t, k) represents the sequential alarm degree at the kth position at the time t;
Δ L (t, k) represents the sequential increment of the alarm degree at the kth position at time t;
t represents time in seconds on the time axis;
k represents the position point of the vibration signal on the spatial position axis;
k n the length of a protection interval of the nth point in the axial direction of the spatial position;
x t,j j = k-k representing t time n A vibration signal amplitude coefficient at each location;
S(x t,j ) Representing the amplitude coefficient x of the vibration signal t,j A lower alarm degree coefficient;
alpha is a sequential alarm degree rising factor, and alpha is greater than 0;
gamma is a sequential alarm degree reduction factor, and gamma is less than 0;
ε k a vibration signal continuity factor for the kth position;
the alarm level is determined through the established two-dimensional sequential detection model, and the alarm output is executed as follows:
setting alarm levels as two levels, namely a first-level early warning and a second-level alarm, and setting an early warning threshold value and an alarm threshold value respectively;
calculating the two-dimensional array by using the two-dimensional sequential detection model, acquiring the sequential alarm degree of the vibration signal data at the spatial position of the optical fiber, and comparing the sequential alarm degree with an early warning threshold value and an alarm threshold value:
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the early-warning threshold value, determining to send out an early-warning alarm signal for early-warning alarm, and recording early-warning time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree is higher than the alarm threshold value, determining to send out an advanced alarm signal for advanced alarm, and recording alarm time and position information;
when the sequential alarm degree continuously exceeds a set duration threshold value between the early warning threshold value and the alarm threshold value, determining to send out a low-level alarm signal for low-level alarm, and recording alarm time and position information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the spatial location of the vibration signal data in the optical fiber is: and dividing the acquired optical fiber vibration signal data into the section position of the vibration signal in the optical fiber through spectrum analysis, wherein the section position is the space position of the optical fiber.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method steps further comprise:
and when the sequential alarm degree at the same position is reduced from being higher than the early-warning threshold value to being lower than the early-warning threshold value, the early-warning alarm signal is removed, and the removal time and the position information are recorded.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vibration signal continuity factor is obtained by the formula:
wherein: t is t n The protection time length is the sequential alarm degree reduction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method steps further comprise: establishing an alarm level confirmation model, and automatically labeling the alarm level, wherein the alarm level confirmation model can be expressed as a formula:
n k =f(t 2,k -t 1,k )
wherein:
n k indicating an alarm level for the kth location point;
t 1,k representing the k position point early warning time;
t 2,k indicating the kth location point alarm time.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alarm degree coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, the sequential alarm degree increase factor is equal to 1, and the sequential alarm degree decrease factor is equal to-0.2.
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Patentee after: Beijing Aerospace Tianhong Intelligent Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: Building 24, yard 18, Kechuang 13th Street, Daxing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing 100176

Patentee before: BEIJING AEROSPACE YILIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd.

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
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Date of cancellation: 20230919

Granted publication date: 20191227

Pledgee: Beijing Yizhuang International Financing Guarantee Co.,Ltd.

Pledgor: BEIJING AEROSPACE YILIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2022990000667

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Denomination of invention: Vibration source warning method for fiber optic vibration safety warning system based on sequential detection

Effective date of registration: 20230919

Granted publication date: 20191227

Pledgee: Beijing Yizhuang International Financing Guarantee Co.,Ltd.

Pledgor: Beijing Aerospace Tianhong Intelligent Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2023990000460