CN107576235B - Blasting method for strip mine in arid region - Google Patents
Blasting method for strip mine in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN107576235B CN107576235B CN201710982480.XA CN201710982480A CN107576235B CN 107576235 B CN107576235 B CN 107576235B CN 201710982480 A CN201710982480 A CN 201710982480A CN 107576235 B CN107576235 B CN 107576235B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting method of open pit mine in arid area, which adopts blasting action line oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond blasting network to make blasting hole on blasting action line have 4-5 lateral free surfaces, thus improving blasting action effect; the blasting action line is to increase the lateral blasting free surface in the rock mass and increase the crushing action of the reflected tensile wave and the radial tensile stress on the non-structural fractured rock mass; the blasting action line direction is the blasting action reinforcing direction. In the invention, in the multi-row hole blasting of the strip mine of the heterogeneous rock mass in the arid region, the blasting action line blasting network optimized by the blasting action line initiation technology is designed, so that the rock mass produced by blasting can be reduced, and the heterogeneous rock mass with a large number of structural planes has better blasting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to blasting, in particular to a blasting method for an open pit mine in an arid region.
Background
The mountain height of the open pit mine in the large board city area of Wulu wood city is 35-55m, and the mountain slope is 30-45 degrees. The mine belongs to a hillside strip mine, is windy, dry and rainy, is influenced by a layered structure surface, has serious influence on weathering and denudation of ore bodies within 6-9m of the superficial layer of the mountain body, develops joints and cracks, is cut into blocks with different shapes and sizes after blasting, and brings difficulty to mining and loading operation.
The blasting theory analysis considers that the fracture density, the fracture occurrence and the fracture extension length caused by the dynamic stress generated by the blasting of the non-structural fractured rock mass are different, and large rock blocks are easily generated after blasting, so that the risk is brought to the mining and loading safety operation.
(1) This ore bed form structural plane is mostly the inclined bedding reason, and the many edges of mountain body incline direction of unstructured crack distribute, receives the structural plane influence, and rock mass crushing strength descends, because the existence of joint, crack can lead to the gas of the extremely high pressure behind the blasting to bore the crack aspect and make its expansion, extrudees its surrounding rock, makes the rock bold to the too dispersed reason of slope free surface throwing.
(2) The ore adopts millisecond micro-difference small-scale blasting among linear hole distribution rows, and the blasting action direction among the rows is obvious. When the distribution direction of the cracks is the same as the blasting action direction among the rows, the original cracks can be further dislocated and expanded to generate large blocks along the explosive stress wave and explosive gas in the bedding direction of the step free surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting method for open pit mines in arid areas, which adopts a blasting action line inclined line hole-by-hole millisecond blasting network to ensure that blast holes on the blasting action line have 4-5 lateral free surfaces, thereby improving the blasting action effect;
the blasting action line is to increase the lateral blasting free surface in the rock mass and increase the crushing action of the reflected tensile wave and the radial tensile stress on the non-structural fractured rock mass;
the direction of the blasting action line is the blasting action strengthening direction;
for blasting sections with horizontal joints and local crack development, determining the ash sandstone to be the direction of a blasting action line and distributing blast holes, adopting a blasting action line oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network, distributing holes in a triangular shape, carrying out non-coupling segmented charging, and carrying out large-area deep hole blasting.
For the gray sandstone with joints and cracks developed at horizontal intervals in blasting operation, blasting action lines are distributed in blasting sections where the gray sandstone occurs, a spaced blasting action line oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network and triangular hole distribution are adopted, continuous or segmented charging is not coupled, and large-area deep hole blasting is carried out.
For the blasting operation level, the non-structural fracture action is weakened, the rock mass gradually tends to be homogenized, a symmetrical V-shaped oblique line interval blasting action line is adopted for hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network, holes are distributed in a triangular mode, continuous concentrated charging is coupled, and large-area deep hole blasting is carried out.
The blasting action strength is the breaking strength of the blasting action line on the rock.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in the process of carrying out multi-row hole blasting on the strip mine of the heterogeneous rock mass in the arid region, the blasting action line blasting network optimized by the blasting action line blasting technology is designed, so that the rock mass produced by blasting can be reduced, and the heterogeneous rock mass with a large number of structural planes can have better blasting effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of blasting action lines and blasting in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of blasting action lines and blasting in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of blasting action lines and blasting in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a millisecond detonator blasting network in which the oblique line of blasting action of a blasting section for horizontal joint and fracture local development is inclined hole by hole in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a hole-by-hole millisecond detonator blasting network with oblique lines of interval blasting action lines of the limestone sand with joint and fissure development for blasting operation at horizontal intervals in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a hole-by-hole millisecond differential detonator blasting network of V-shaped oblique line interval blasting action line, wherein the unstructured fracture action is weakened and the rock mass gradually tends to be homogenized and symmetrical with respect to the blasting operation level in example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention.
Example 1
A blasting method of open pit mine in arid area, it is through adopting the line oblique line of blasting action to make the hole of blasting action have 4-5 lateral free surfaces one by one millisecond blasting network, thus improve the blasting action effect;
the blasting action line is to increase the lateral blasting free surface in the rock mass and increase the crushing action of the reflected tensile wave and the radial tensile stress on the non-structural fractured rock mass;
referring to fig. 4, for a blasting section with horizontal joints and local crack development, the gray sandstone is determined as the direction of a blasting action line 10, blast holes are distributed, a blasting action line oblique line 10 is adopted for hole-by-hole millisecond non-electric detonator blasting network, holes are distributed in a triangular mode, no coupling segmented charging is carried out, and deep hole blasting is carried out in a large area.
Referring to fig. 5, for the gray sandstone with joints and cracks developed at horizontal intervals during blasting operation, blasting action lines 20 are arranged in a blasting section where the gray sandstone is present, a hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted by using interval blasting action line inclined lines 20, holes are distributed in a triangular mode, continuous or segmented charging is not coupled, and large-area deep hole blasting is carried out.
Referring to fig. 6, for the blasting operation level, the unstructured fracture action is weakened, the rock mass gradually tends to be homogenized, a symmetrical V-shaped oblique line interval blasting action line 30 hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted, holes are distributed in a triangular shape, continuous concentrated charging is coupled, and large-area deep hole blasting is carried out;
the direction of the blasting action line is the blasting action strengthening direction;
the blasting action strength is the breaking strength of the blasting action line on the rock.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, when blasting a mountain-height slope steep strip mine with a mountain height of more than 50m and a mountain inclination angle of more than 45 degrees, inter-row millisecond differential or chamber blasting centralized charging is adopted, the rock mass crushing and deformation rules are controlled by the strength and the shape of a weak structural surface, a rock mass is thrown out along the direction of a free surface of the mountain slope, so that an ideal crushing effect is difficult to achieve, and the following steps are adopted for reducing the throwing of an explosive body along the direction of the free surface of the mountain slope:
(1) three rows of vertical deep holes are drilled through according to the height of the step, the two adjacent rows of vertical deep holes are staggered to form a V shape, triangular hole distribution is carried out by adopting a small-sized drilling machine, columnar sectional charging is not coupled, a blasting action line partition and sectional V-shaped oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted, in order to prevent the blasting of the upper step from influencing the operation safety of the lower step, the lower step is firstly blasted, and the upper step is secondly blasted at an interval of 100 ms;
(2) the detonation point is positioned in the vertical deep hole 1 in the first row of the blasting step, so that V-shaped oblique lines of detonation are propagated and detonated from outside to inside, the wall pushing action direction of the rear detonating hole on the earlier blasting hole is changed, and the throwing distance of the blasting pile can be reduced by 2-3 m;
(3) blasting action lines a1 are arranged at intervals in a diagonal manner, and four lateral blasting free surfaces can be formed in blast holes of the blasting action lines in the middle of blast areas; three lateral blasting free surfaces are arranged in 150mm and 250mm blast holes on the blasting action line in the direction of the left free surface;
(4) the interval of the blast hole millisecond difference in the horizontal direction of the free surface is 25ms, the interval of the blast hole millisecond difference in the oblique line direction of the blasting action line is 100ms, and the interval of the blast hole millisecond difference of the lateral connecting line is 75 ms.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 2, when blasting open pit mines with relatively slow mountain slopes of 30 to 45 degrees and mountain heights of 35 to 50m, the throwing action of rock blocks along the direction of free surfaces is weakened, and by adopting vertical deep hole blasting, the blasting action at the bottom of a hole is weakened due to the increase of chassis resistance lines, so that the blasting effect is deteriorated, and in order to prevent bottom-pulling and large blocks at the bottom of blast holes after blasting, the parameters of a blast hole net are reduced, and the step height is reduced, the following steps are adopted:
(1) a small-sized drilling machine is adopted to drill a first inclined shallow hole, an interval blasting action line a2 is adopted to divide the area, the subsection straight line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted, the layering and the detonation are carried out simultaneously, and the scattered coupling subsection charging is carried out;
(2) the detonation point 2 is positioned at the first inclined shallow hole 2 at the left side of the first row, so that the wall pushing action direction is from outside to inside, and the detonation is propagated along a linear type;
(3) the blasting action lines a2 and the free surfaces are vertically arranged at intervals, the blast holes of the blasting action lines can form four lateral blasting free surfaces, and three lateral blasting free surfaces are arranged in 75mm blast holes on the blasting action lines in the direction of the right free surfaces;
(4) the blasting action line cannon a2 hole millisecond differential interval is 50ms, and the free surface cannon hole millisecond differential interval in the horizontal direction is 25 ms.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 3, when a small-sized hillside strip mine with the height of the mountain less than 35m and the inclination angle of the mountain less than 30 degrees is blasted, the slope of the mountain is relatively slow, the action of an inclined bedding structure surface is weakened, non-structural cracks are distributed from the surface layer of the mountain along the vertical direction, the action of a tensile joint is strengthened, the vertical cracks are increased, the rock mass is further weakened by throwing, and after blasting, large rock blocks are raised and piled up, and the following steps are adopted:
(1) the design adopts a V-shaped hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network which is partitioned along the horizontal direction of a working surface and segmented blasting action lines, adopts a small-sized drilling machine to distribute holes in a triangular shape, carries out bulk continuous centralized coupling charging, and simultaneously detonates three rows of blasting holes which are penetrated and dug in a set of two steps in a layered manner;
(2) the detonation point is positioned at the rightmost detonation hole 3 of the second row, and detonation propagates along the horizontal direction of the free surface;
(3) the blasting action lines a3 are arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction, five lateral blasting free surfaces can be formed on the blasting action line a3, and three lateral blasting free surfaces are arranged on 225mm and 150mm blast holes on the blasting action lines in the directions of the left free surface and the right free surface;
(4) along the horizontal direction of the blasting action line a3, the blast hole millisecond differential interval is 25-75ms, and the blast hole millisecond differential interval of the lateral connecting line is 0-25 ms;
the drilling machine is a down-the-hole drilling machine with the aperture of 90 mm.
When blasting a mountain high slope steep strip mine with a mountain height of more than 50m and a mountain inclination angle of more than 45 degrees, the adjacent row spacing between every two rows of vertical deep holes is 3m, the adjacent hole spacing between every two vertical deep holes in the same row is 4m, and 36kg of powder is charged in each vertical deep hole.
When the strip mine with the relatively slow mountain slope of the mountain body with the mountain body height of 35-50m and the mountain body inclination angle of 30-45 degrees is blasted, the row spacing adjacent to the first inclined shallow holes in each row is 2m, the row spacing adjacent to the first inclined shallow holes in the same row is 3m, and 11.4kg of medicine is contained in each first inclined shallow hole.
When the small-sized hillside strip mine with the mountain height smaller than 35m and the mountain inclination angle smaller than 30 degrees is blasted, the adjacent row spacing between every two rows of blasting holes is 2m, the adjacent hole spacing between the first inclined shallow holes in the same row is 2.5m, and 7.6kg of powder is charged in each first inclined shallow hole.
The blast hole is one of a vertical shallow hole or an inclined shallow hole.
In the specific embodiment, the blasting action lines are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the hole-by-hole millisecond difference detonation is carried out, so that detonation is propagated and detonated by lateral free surfaces in the horizontal direction, a fracture surface generated by an earlier blasting hole generates a reflected tensile wave for a later blasting hole, the action of the tensile stress in the rock mass in the radial direction can be enhanced, the rock mass is enabled to generate annular cracks, the blasting block size is reduced, and the blasting effect is obviously improved. The analysis of the measured data of the large block ratio in different blasting action line technical schemes can be seen in table 1:
TABLE 1 analysis of measured data for bulk rate
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A blasting method of open pit mine in arid area is characterized in that blasting action line oblique lines are adopted to blast a network hole by hole millisecond blasting, so that blast holes on the blasting action line have 4-5 lateral free surfaces, thereby improving blasting action effect;
the blasting action line is to increase the lateral blasting free surface in the rock mass and increase the crushing action of the reflected tensile wave and the radial tensile stress on the non-structural fractured rock mass;
the direction of the blasting action line is the blasting action strengthening direction;
for a blasting section with horizontal joints and local crack development, determining the ash sandstone to be in the direction of a blasting action line and distributing blast holes, adopting a blasting action line oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network, distributing holes in a triangular shape, not coupling segmented charging, and blasting deep holes in a large area;
for the gray sandstone with joints and cracks developed at horizontal intervals in blasting operation, blasting action lines are distributed in blasting sections where the gray sandstone occurs, a spaced blasting action line oblique line hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network and triangular hole distribution are adopted, continuous or segmented charging is not coupled, and deep hole blasting is carried out in a large area;
for the blasting operation level, the non-structural fracture action is weakened, the rock mass gradually tends to be homogenized, a symmetrical V-shaped oblique line interval blasting action line is adopted for hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network, holes are distributed in a triangular mode, continuous concentrated charging is coupled, and large-area deep hole blasting is carried out;
the blasting action strength is the breaking strength of the blasting action line on the rock;
when blasting a mountain high slope steep strip mine with the mountain height of more than 50m and the mountain inclination angle of more than 45 degrees:
three rows of vertical deep holes are drilled through according to the height of a step, the two adjacent rows of vertical deep holes are staggered to form a V shape, triangular hole distribution is carried out by adopting a small-sized drilling machine, columnar sectional charging is not coupled, a blasting action line is adopted for dividing and sectional V-shaped oblique lines, hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted, the initiation point is positioned in the vertical deep hole (1) of the first row of blasting steps, the V-shaped oblique lines of blasting are propagated and detonated from outside to inside, and the blasting action lines (a1) are arranged at intervals in an oblique line manner; the adjacent row spacing between every two adjacent rows of vertical deep holes is 3m, the adjacent hole spacing between every two adjacent vertical deep holes in the same row is 4m, and 36kg of powder is charged in each vertical deep hole;
when blasting open-pit mines with relatively slow mountain slopes with mountain heights of 35-50m and mountain inclinations of 30-45 degrees:
a small-sized drilling machine is adopted to drill a first inclined shallow hole, an interval blasting action line (a2) is adopted for partitioning, segmenting, linearly and hole-by-hole millisecond differential non-electric detonator blasting network, layering and simultaneous initiation are carried out, and bulk coupling segmented charging is carried out;
the detonation point is a first inclined shallow hole (2) positioned on the left side of the first row, so that the action direction of the wall pushing is from outside to inside, and the detonation is propagated along a linear type; the blasting action line (a2) and the free face are vertically spaced; the adjacent row spacing between the first inclined shallow holes in each row is 2m, the adjacent hole spacing between the first inclined shallow holes in the same row is 3m, and 11.4kg of charge is charged in each first inclined shallow hole;
when blasting a small hillside strip mine with the height of the mountain less than 35m and the inclination angle of the mountain less than 30 degrees:
the V-shaped hole-by-hole millisecond non-electric detonator blasting network is adopted along the horizontal direction of a working face in a partition and subsection blasting action line, holes are distributed in a triangular mode by a small-sized drilling machine, bulk continuous concentrated coupling powder charging is adopted, three rows of blasting holes are drilled in a group of two steps in a layering mode and detonated simultaneously, the initiation point is located at the rightmost blasting hole of the second row, the detonation is arranged in parallel along the horizontal direction of a free face horizontal direction detonating blasting action line (a3), the adjacent row spacing between every two rows of blasting holes is 2m, the adjacent hole spacing between the first inclined shallow holes of the same row is 2.5m, and 7.6kg of powder charging is carried out in each first inclined shallow hole.
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| CN108801091B (en) * | 2018-06-09 | 2020-11-24 | 新疆工程学院 | Heterogeneous rock mass strip mine blasting method |
| CN110906814A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-24 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Safe and efficient mining centralized blasting method |
| RU2741649C1 (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Method for cyclic-continuous mining of rocks |
| CN113390309A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 新疆工程学院 | Complex rock blasting method for open pit coal mine in arid region |
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| CN106440981A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-22 | 广东省冶金建筑设计研究院 | Deep hole blasting method for increasing bulky productivity of joint fracture developed granite mine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106440981A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-02-22 | 广东省冶金建筑设计研究院 | Deep hole blasting method for increasing bulky productivity of joint fracture developed granite mine |
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| ***作用线对非均质岩体破碎效果影响分析;陈亚军等;《金属矿山》;20171015(第10期);第71-72页 * |
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