CN107088844A - A kind of upper sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel - Google Patents
A kind of upper sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107088844A CN107088844A CN201710267391.7A CN201710267391A CN107088844A CN 107088844 A CN107088844 A CN 107088844A CN 201710267391 A CN201710267391 A CN 201710267391A CN 107088844 A CN107088844 A CN 107088844A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metallic matrix
- sand
- surfacing
- upper sand
- optical member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
It is related to a kind of upper sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel in the present invention, sand device includes base on this, and base, which is provided with, has the annular support surface being oppositely arranged with metallic matrix lower surface interval on elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member.Upper sand device in the present invention, under the pressure effect of metallic matrix, certain elastic deformation and upward abrasive material can occur for elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, and the lower end for making abrasive material be close to metallic matrix treats that sand effect is good on surfacing, abrasive material.Using the upper sand device in the present invention when carrying out sand to metallic matrix, in the presence of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, treat surfacing in the lower end that abrasive material is close to metallic matrix, abrasive material on the upside of metallic matrix is close to upper end under deadweight and treats surfacing, so both sides treat that the upper sand effect of surfacing can meet requirement up and down, only need to once electroplate, can complete upper sand process without overturning emery wheel, improve production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of upper sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel.
Background technology
Electroplating abrasion wheel manufacturing process generally comprises treatment before plating, upper sand, unloads the steps such as sand, thickening.Wherein, the task of upper sand
Be by abrasive material is uniform, individual layer, it is stronger be fixed to the treating in surfacing of metallic matrix, upper sand method mainly has stucco method, buries sand
Sand etc. in method, suspension.For metallic matrix is the electroplating abrasion wheel of annular, upper sand process typically uses sand buring method, specifically
It is that first abrasive material is trapped among on the outer peripheral face of metallic matrix, buries a kind of all upper sand methods for treating surfacing, concrete operation step is：
The non-of metallic matrix is treated that surfacing is covered using sealing protection fixture, diamond abrasive and plating solution and metallic matrix is prevented
It is non-to treat that surfacing is contacted, with sealing the metallic matrix of fixture will be protected to be placed into the upper sand device made in advance, upper sand dress
Put including base and the tubular sand cover that is assemblied on base, abrasive material can not can pass through sand cover by plating solution through sand cover, then by abrasive material
The space filled up between screen covering and metallic matrix, it is ensured that abrasive material covering is all to treat surfacing.Due to plating solution be faintly acid liquid, base and
Sand cover is that resistant material is made.
For two end faces are required to the electroplating abrasion wheel of plating up and down, abrasive material can be close to metal under gravity
Surfacing is treated in the upper end of matrix, along with the electrodeposition process of metal ion, and abrasive material can be well secured, but for gold
Treat for surfacing that lower end treats to contact to obtain defective tightness between surfacing and abrasive material, in turn results in sand effect ratio in the lower end of category matrix
It is poor, sand leakage phenomenon often occurs.So for being required to the emery wheel of plating for upper and lower ends face, generally requiring on twice
Sand, i.e., carry out upper sand upward by an end face of emery wheel first, then another end face is carried out upper sand upward matrix upset.
This operating method not only low production efficiency, and overturn and be inconvenient when emery wheel size is larger.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel, to solve in the prior art for above and below
Both ends of the surface are required to the metallic matrix of plating, and the technical problem of sand effect difference in surfacing is treated in lower end.The present invention also aims to
A kind of upper sand method of electroplating abrasion wheel is provided.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel, including base, base, which is provided with elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, to be had and gold
The annular support surface that the lower surface interval of category matrix is oppositely arranged.
The elastic supporting member for supporting optical member has the plating solution passage for being used for passing through along the vertical direction with horizontal direction for plating solution.
The elastic supporting member for supporting optical member is that the stomata on annular sponge, sponge constitutes the plating solution passage.
On base tubular sand cover is covered with the periphery of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member.
Being provided with the inside of tubular sand cover is used for the non-sealing protection fixture for treating surfacing for covering metallic matrix, sealing protection fixture
Including coordinating for the corresponding end face seal with metallic matrix, and the upper clamp that snaps together respectively from metallic matrix two ends and
Lower clamp.
A kind of upper sand method using above-mentioned upper sand device, sand method comprises the following steps on this：1）Back-up sand, fills out abrasive material
The lower end in metallic matrix is filled to treat between surfacing and the annular support surface of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, and cover metallic matrix outer peripheral face and
Surfacing is treated in upper end, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member elastic deformation and upward metallic matrix lower end is to be plated under the pressure effect of metallic matrix
Diamond abrasive between face and elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, makes the lower end that diamond abrasive is adjacent to metallic matrix treat surfacing；2）Plating；Electricity
Upper sand process is completed after plating.
It is to carry out in the plating solution during back-up sand.
Before upper sand, surfacing, which is polished, to be treated to metallic matrix.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Upper sand device in the present invention, sets elastic supporting member for supporting optical member on base, resilient support
The upside of part has an annular support surface, and the lower end of annular support surface and metallic matrix treats that surfacing interval is oppositely arranged, and works as Metal Substrate
After body is put on elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, under the pressure effect of metallic matrix, certain elastic deformation can occur for elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, and
Abrasive material between surfacing is treated in the lower end of extruding annular support surface and metallic matrix, make abrasive material be close to metallic matrix lower end it is to be plated
Sand effect is good on face, abrasive material.Using the upper sand device in the present invention when carrying out sand to metallic matrix, in elastic supporting member for supporting optical member
Under effect, the abrasive material that the lower end that abrasive material is close to metallic matrix is treated on the upside of surfacing, metallic matrix is close to upper end under deadweight and treats surfacing,
So both sides treat that the upper sand effect of surfacing can meet requirement up and down, it is only necessary to once electroplate, can be complete without overturning emery wheel
Into upper sand process, production efficiency is improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the use state figure of the upper sand device embodiment 1 of electroplating abrasion wheel of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The specific embodiment 1 of the upper sand device of the electroplating abrasion wheel of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, sand device includes base on this
4th, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3, sealing protection fixture 5 and tubular sand cover 6, the sealing protection fixture 5 is prior art, seals protection card
Tool 5 includes being used for the upper clamp 51 and lower clamp 52 that the corresponding end face seal with metallic matrix 1 coordinates, during installation, upper clamp 51
Snapped together respectively from the two ends of metallic matrix with lower clamp 52, two clamps are coaxially folded in up and down the two of metallic matrix up and down
On end face, surfacing, which carries out sealing protection, to be treated to the non-of metallic matrix 1, it is to avoid abrasive material is treated in surfacing fixed to non-, mentioned here
Non- face to be plated includes the inner round portion of upper surface and lower surface, and metallic matrix inner peripheral surface；Face to be plated include upper surface and
The outer perimeter section of lower surface, and metallic matrix outer peripheral face.Elastic supporting member for supporting optical member is located at the periphery of sealing protection fixture 5, elasticity
There is the annular support surface 31 that the lower surface interval with metallic matrix 1 is oppositely arranged on support member 3.In the present embodiment, elasticity branch
Support member 3 is annular sponge, and the upper side of annular sponge constitutes annular support surface, and sponge has water suction and Permeable characteristic, can be for
Plating solution is passed through, and the stomata on sponge constitutes the plating solution passage for supplying plating solution to pass through from above-below direction and horizontal direction, resilient support
Part 3 does not interfere with flow of the electrolyte.Need exist for, it is emphasized that the upper side that the density of sponge should meet sponge can lay mill
Material.Tubular sand cover 6 is arranged on base in the periphery of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3, and tubular sand cover 6 is that sandwich construction composition is formed, and it is wrapped
Cylinder mesh and the pervious bed overlayed on the outside of cylinder mesh are included, pervious bed is preferred to use the pellicle for being available for plating solution to pass through, other implementations
Nylon cloth can also be used in example, or other allows plating solution to pass through and material that abrasive material can not be passed through is made.
Sand device when in use, sealing protection fixture 5 is clipped on metallic matrix 1, by metallic matrix upside with on this
The non-of side treats that surfacing is protected, and one layer of abrasive material 2 is laid on the annular support surface of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, protection card then will be sealed
Tool and metallic matrix are put on base, and sealing protection fixture 5 is located at the inner side of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3, the annular branch of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3
Support face 31 supports metallic matrix 1, and under the pressure effect of metallic matrix 1, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3 produces certain elastic deformation, and
Abrasive material between upward annular support surface 31 and metallic matrix 1, makes the lower end that abrasive material is close to metallic matrix 1 treat surfacing.After
Continuous back-up sand makes the outer peripheral face of the covering metallic matrix of abrasive material 2 and upper end treat surfacing, then starts plating.In the elasticity of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member
Under supporting role, the both sides up and down of metallic matrix treat that surfacing can reach upper sand effect well, need not so overturn metal
Matrix, need to only electroplate and once complete entirely upper sand process, improve production efficiency.
In other embodiments of the invention, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member can also be to be not intended for plating on entity structure, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member
The plating solution passage that liquid passes through from above-below direction and horizontal direction.Elastic supporting member for supporting optical member can also be other structures, such as by rubber spring
The elastic construction that is constituted with the supporting plate for being fixed on rubber spring top, supporting plate is shaped as annular, the downside of supporting plate around
Multiple rubber springs circumferentially are supported by, supporting plate is made up of the permeable cloth of corrosion resistance web plate and bag outside web plate, rubber
Spring and permeable cloth are respectively provided with the plating solution passage passed through for plating solution from above-below direction and horizontal direction.Tubular sand cover can also be saved
Slightly.
Use the upper sand method of above-mentioned upper sand device：Sealing protection fixture 5 is clamped on metallic matrix 1, by Metal Substrate
The non-plated type face sealing of body the upper side and lower side is protected, and then treats that surfacing carries out plating preceding grinding process to metallic matrix.Will
Tubular sand cover 6, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3 are respectively arranged in the corresponding position on base 4, and sand cover 6 is located at the outer of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3
Enclose.Then begin to back-up sand；Abrasive material is laid in the upper side of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member first, during paving abrasive material, ox horn spoon can be used by abrasive material
Equably it is laid on the upside of resilient support face, then with sealing the metallic matrix 1 of fixture will be protected to be put on base, in metal
Under the pressure effect of matrix, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3 produces certain elastic deformation, and the upward abrasive material of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member 3 makes abrasive material
Treat surfacing in the lower end for being close to metallic matrix；Abrasive material is spread in the periphery of metallic matrix again, abrasive material is covered the outer peripheral face of metallic matrix
Surfacing is treated with upper end.Whole back-up sand process is carried out in the plating solution, it is ensured that abrasive material is sufficiently mixed with plating solution and contacted.Back-up sand is completed
Afterwards, the surfacing for the treatment of that the diamond in plating, plating solution in nickel ion and abrasive material is fixed on metallic matrix together is started, after the completion of plating
Complete upper sand process.Under the resilient support of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, the both sides up and down of metallic matrix treat that surfacing can reach very
Good electroplating effect, need not so overturn metallic matrix, need to only electroplate and once complete entirely upper sand process, improve production effect
Rate.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel, including base, it is characterised in that：Base is provided with elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, elasticity branch
There is the annular support surface that the lower surface interval with metallic matrix is oppositely arranged in support member.
2. the upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, which has, to be used for
The plating solution passage passed through along the vertical direction with horizontal direction for plating solution.
3. the upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The elastic supporting member for supporting optical member is annular sea
Stomata on silk floss, sponge constitutes the plating solution passage.
4. the upper sand device of the electroplating abrasion wheel according to claim 1-3 any one, it is characterised in that：In elasticity on base
The periphery of support member is covered with tubular sand cover.
5. the upper sand device of electroplating abrasion wheel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Being provided with the inside of tubular sand cover is used to hide
The non-sealing protection fixture for treating surfacing of lid metallic matrix, sealing protection fixture is included for close with the corresponding end face of metallic matrix
Envelope coordinates, and the upper clamp and lower clamp snapped together respectively from metallic matrix two ends.
6. a kind of upper sand method using above-mentioned upper sand device, it is characterised in that：Sand method comprises the following steps on this：1）Fill out
Sand, makes abrasive material be filled in the lower end of metallic matrix and treats between surfacing and the annular support surface of elastic supporting member for supporting optical member, and cover Metal Substrate
Surfacing, elastic supporting member for supporting optical member elastic deformation and upward metal under the pressure effect of metallic matrix are treated in the outer peripheral face of body and upper end
The diamond abrasive between surfacing and elastic supporting member for supporting optical member is treated in matrix lower end, make diamond abrasive be adjacent to metallic matrix lower end it is to be plated
Face；2）Plating；Upper sand process is completed after plating.
7. upper sand method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is to carry out in the plating solution during back-up sand.
8. upper sand method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Before upper sand, surfacing, which is beaten, to be treated to metallic matrix
Mill.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710267391.7A CN107088844B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710267391.7A CN107088844B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107088844A true CN107088844A (en) | 2017-08-25 |
| CN107088844B CN107088844B (en) | 2019-04-19 |
Family
ID=59636977
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710267391.7A Active CN107088844B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107088844B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109551385A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-04-02 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | A kind of electroplating CBN grinding wheel and its manufacturing method for the crankshaft plunge grinding with undercut groove |
| CN112536737A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Device and method for rearranging, uniformly distributing and feeding abrasive materials of superhard material electroplating grinding wheel |
| CN112643546A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Electroplated diamond dressing roller for ceramic CBN grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1044832A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1990-08-22 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Composite and diamond brush-coated grinding wheel goods, device and technology |
| US20100275522A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method and jig assembly for manufacturing outer blade cutting wheel |
| CN102009391A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-04-13 | 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 | Process for manufacturing high precise electroplating CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding wheel |
| CN202702080U (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2013-01-30 | 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 | Sand feeding fixture for electroplating grinding wheel for grinding screw rod |
| CN103388169A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-13 | 苏州赛尔科技有限公司 | Abrasive feeding method for electroplate grinding wheel |
| CN103921359A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏中博钻石科技有限公司 | Sanding device |
| CN204111893U (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-21 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | For plating shield jig and the seal protection dish thereof of electroplating abrasion wheel |
| CN205241833U (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-18 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Make last sand device of electroplating superhard materials emery wheel |
| CN205821486U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-21 | 张家港市舜辰机械有限公司 | A kind of agitating device in upper sand launder |
-
2017
- 2017-04-21 CN CN201710267391.7A patent/CN107088844B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1044832A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1990-08-22 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | Composite and diamond brush-coated grinding wheel goods, device and technology |
| US20100275522A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method and jig assembly for manufacturing outer blade cutting wheel |
| CN102009391A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-04-13 | 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 | Process for manufacturing high precise electroplating CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding wheel |
| CN202702080U (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2013-01-30 | 沈阳中科超硬磨具磨削研究所 | Sand feeding fixture for electroplating grinding wheel for grinding screw rod |
| CN103388169A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-13 | 苏州赛尔科技有限公司 | Abrasive feeding method for electroplate grinding wheel |
| CN103921359A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏中博钻石科技有限公司 | Sanding device |
| CN204111893U (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-21 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | For plating shield jig and the seal protection dish thereof of electroplating abrasion wheel |
| CN205241833U (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-18 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Make last sand device of electroplating superhard materials emery wheel |
| CN205821486U (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-21 | 张家港市舜辰机械有限公司 | A kind of agitating device in upper sand launder |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109551385A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-04-02 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | A kind of electroplating CBN grinding wheel and its manufacturing method for the crankshaft plunge grinding with undercut groove |
| CN109551385B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-12-17 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Electroplating CBN grinding wheel for crankshaft forming grinding with undercut and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112536737A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-23 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Device and method for rearranging, uniformly distributing and feeding abrasive materials of superhard material electroplating grinding wheel |
| CN112536737B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-03-04 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Device and method for rearranging, uniformly distributing and feeding abrasive materials of superhard material electroplating grinding wheel |
| CN112643546A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Electroplated diamond dressing roller for ceramic CBN grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112643546B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-11-09 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Electroplated diamond dressing roller for ceramic CBN grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107088844B (en) | 2019-04-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107088844A (en) | A kind of upper sand device and method of electroplating abrasion wheel | |
| CN2730554Y (en) | Polishing-part for polishing substrate | |
| US9630295B2 (en) | Mechanisms for removing debris from polishing pad | |
| WO2006090661A1 (en) | Carrier for double side polishing machine and double side polishing machine employing it, and double side polishing method | |
| ATE296185T1 (en) | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PLANARIZING MICROELECTRONIC SUBSTRATE STRUCTURE | |
| CN105603396B (en) | A kind of method of diamond surface nickel plating | |
| CN106653720A (en) | Mixed bonding structure and mixed bonding method | |
| CN106494074A (en) | A kind of preparation method of screen printing plate | |
| CN113005500B (en) | High-bonding-force electroplating equipment and using method thereof | |
| TWI255752B (en) | Method and apparatus for polishing a substrate | |
| TW200407206A (en) | Electrolyte processing method and device | |
| CN204554152U (en) | A kind of selfsealings pad with filter screen | |
| CN107268218A (en) | A kind of printing and dyeing flat wash trough of water circulation type | |
| CN208068029U (en) | A kind of circuit board electroplating line semi-finished product corase grinding device | |
| CN207272984U (en) | Chip anticorrosion burnishing device | |
| CN105598866B (en) | A kind of manufacture method for electroplating extra hard material grinding wheel | |
| CN112621557B (en) | Polishing method of YAG wafer | |
| CN206047863U (en) | A kind of burnishing device in semiconductor production process | |
| CN102275124B (en) | Grinding platform and grinding method | |
| CN214980359U (en) | Novel high-efficient polishing cloth | |
| JP2005150216A (en) | Polishing apparatus of semiconductor wafer | |
| CN215925125U (en) | Conductive sealing assembly and wafer electroplating clamp comprising same | |
| CN104044038A (en) | Lens polishing jig | |
| CN212120369U (en) | Automatic deironing conveyor of quartz | |
| RU145108U1 (en) | ABRASIVE CIRCLE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL GRINDING WITH PARALLEL LOCATION OF CONDUCTING INSERTS |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |