CN106846476B - Rock block stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and red-horizontal projection - Google Patents
Rock block stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and red-horizontal projection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of engineering geological survey analysis, and discloses a rapid evaluation method for rock block stability based on three-dimensional live-action and horizontal projection, which is used for geological prospecting personnel to simply, conveniently and rapidly analyze a block which is likely to slide in a field environment in many aspects, visually evaluate the stability state of a side slope, and qualitatively analyze the stability condition of the people after the side slope is excavated. The method comprises the following steps: A. collecting geological data information of a rock mass structure in an engineering area; B. importing geological data information into a three-dimensional live-action platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain; C. determining a natural rock slope to be analyzed; D. screening out all structural plane data information within the range of the natural slope to be analyzed; E. cutting a block in the three-dimensional live-action platform; F. generating a slope stability analysis report according to an extreme-emission red projection method; G. inputting artificial slope data according to a construction scheme; H. and generating a stability report according to the polar-emission red-plane projection method, the natural slope data and the artificial slope data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering geological survey analysis, in particular to a rock block stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and plano-projection.
Background
The problem of stability analysis of rocky slope blocks has historically been an important fundamental task in geological and rock engineering [1 ]. The deformation and damage of the slope block body are mainly controlled by various structural surfaces developing in the rock mass. The structural surface is a planar geological interface with a certain direction, large extension and small thickness in a rock body, and comprises a material interface and a discontinuous surface. According to the principle of geomechanics, the main structural planes of the rock bodies such as cracks, layers, faults and the like can be divided into a plurality of groups which are approximately parallel to each other, some intersected structural planes cut some side slope rock bodies which are empty into slidable blocks, and the blocks slide along the structural planes under the action of gravity and other factors.
The polar ray plano projection (hereinafter referred to as the plano projection) is a good way to analyze the stability of the slope block, has excellent operability, is convenient and fast, is visual and has wide application. Theoretical studies based on this approach are well established. However, the stereographic projection method still has many disadvantages in terms of practical operation. For example, the Wu's network needs to be drawn in advance, and some drawing tools are carried, so that the method is inconvenient for field operation; the traditional manual drawing accuracy is not high; the absolute scale of the slope geometry, such as the size of the plane, the length of the line and the distance between points, cannot be represented [2 ]. These have resulted in significant limitations to the process. Pongqingshan [3] et al invented a tilt projector, and installed Wu's mesh and transparency paper in a small instrument, to solve the problem that the instrument is not portable in field survey. The using method still belongs to the traditional hand-drawn projection, and the drawing process is relatively complicated and the accuracy is not high; xue Jian and Li Jiang Yong [4] invented a three-dimensional visualization method of block theoretical erythro-plano projection based on the theory, and the main realization method is to show the previous projection mode by projection ball instead of plane mode, increase the expressive force by computer programming and drawing, and study the stability of the block on the basis. However, the method does not combine a three-dimensional live-action platform, lacks a live-action effect, and has single function and low operability.
With the development of technology, the integration of new technology and conventional methods has become a trend. On one hand, the GPS positioning technology is increasingly perfected, so that geologists can acquire geological data more accurately and quickly; on the other hand, a technology for performing three-dimensional terrain modeling by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography is becoming mainstream, which makes a conventional method of recording structural surface information more effective. In combination with software and hardware equipment such as a GPS, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a tablet personal computer, a database, three-dimensional modeling and the like, the invention provides a rapid and real-time block stability analysis means for geological prospecting personnel in a field environment by relying on the theory of the stereographic projection.
Reference documents:
[1] the application of the Zhugen, Zhang Liang and Chiping projection method in the rock slope stability analysis [ J ]. geotechnical engineering and underground engineering, 2014,34(4): 115-.
[2] Liu flood, Chen Fu Chun, rock slope stability evaluation and control measures based on extreme emittance declination projection [ J ]. geological disasters and environmental protection, 2012,23(3):93-98.
[3] Pointse mountain, Zhao Rong, Juhuan, Zshaoxing, Liu Ji Yuan, a red flat projector [ P ] invention patent ZL201120125419.1,2011.
[4] Xue Jian, Li Jian Yong, three-dimensional visualization method of block theory Chipin projection [ P ]. invention patent ZL201210253763.8,2012.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the provided rock block stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and the declination projection is used for geological prospecting personnel to simply, conveniently and rapidly carry out multi-aspect analysis on a block which is likely to slide in a field environment, and comprises the following steps: under the field environment, the space combination relationship between the structural surface on the side slope and the free surface of the side slope is quickly and accurately determined, the geometric form, the scale size, the contact surface area and the possible deformation displacement direction of the unstable structural body on the side slope are determined, the stability state evaluation of the side slope is visually made, and meanwhile, the stability condition after the side slope is excavated by a person can be qualitatively analyzed.
The scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock block based on the three-dimensional live-action and the declination projection comprises the following steps:
step A, collecting geological data information of a rock mass structure in an engineering area;
step B, importing geological data information into a three-dimensional live-action platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain, and embedding the geological data information into terrain data;
step C, determining a natural rock slope to be analyzed;
step D, screening out all structural plane data information within the range of the natural slope to be analyzed;
e, cutting a block in the three-dimensional live-action platform according to the structural plane information;
step F, according to the polar emission red projection method, a slope stability analysis report is rapidly generated;
step G, inputting artificial slope data according to a construction scheme;
and H, rapidly generating a stability report according to the polar-emission red-plane projection method, the natural slope data and the artificial slope data.
As a further optimization, the manner of obtaining the geological data information in step a includes: compass measurement, GPS location and unmanned aerial vehicle take photo by plane, and these data are deposited into the database after being gathered.
And B, as a further optimization, the three-dimensional live-action platform in the step B is a three-dimensional terrain model with a live-action map corresponding to the engineering geological field recording area, and is a three-dimensional digital scene which is formed by superposing images acquired by aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle and elevation data and can accurately represent the field terrain environment.
As a further optimization, the slope to be analyzed is determined in the step C, and the user selects the terrain in a manner of touching the screen of the tablet computer.
As a further optimization, the screening of all structural plane data information in step D is to perform search and selection on all structural plane information including the coordinates, inclination and inclination of the geological point in the range that has been filed in the geological information database.
As a further optimization, the cutting a block in the three-dimensional live-action platform in step E includes: and generating a visual structural surface on the basis of the occurrence of the structural surface and the coordinates of the mark points, and cutting blocks by intersection of the structural surface.
As a further optimization, step F specifically includes:
f1, establishing mathematical models of a projection sphere, a red plane, a base circle, a polar point and a meridional great circle;
step F2, acquiring inclination and inclination angle information of the side slope and the structural surface in the side slope, and establishing a mathematical equation of the side slope and the structural surface;
and F3, making a stereographic projection, and making block analysis, wherein the block analysis comprises a block which can slide, a sliding direction, a sliding surface area and a block volume.
And G, as further optimization, the artificial slope data input in the step G is the tendency and the inclination angle of the artificial slope to be excavated, which are drawn up in the construction scheme.
As a further optimization, step H specifically includes:
step H1, adding design slope data;
h2, establishing mathematical models of a projection sphere, a red plane, a base circle, a polar point and a meridional great circle;
h3, determining the inclination and inclination angle information of the side slope and the structural surface in the side slope, and establishing a mathematical equation of the side slope and the structural surface;
and H4, making a stereographic projection, and making block analysis, wherein the block analysis comprises a block which can slide, a sliding direction, a sliding surface area and a block volume.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method realizes the stability analysis of the slope block by combining the three-dimensional geological real scene platform and using the computer technology, simplifies the traditional analysis process, visualizes the traditional analysis process, is easy to operate, enriches the traditional analysis means from multiple aspects, provides a convenient and fast block analysis method for field geological engineering survey personnel, and has good practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rock mass stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and a horizontal projection.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a rock block stability rapid evaluation method based on three-dimensional live-action and a bathymetric projection, so that geological prospecting personnel can simply, conveniently and rapidly analyze a block which is likely to slide in a field environment in many aspects, the slope stability state evaluation can be visually made, and the stability condition of the people after the slope is excavated can be qualitatively analyzed.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for rapidly evaluating the stability of a rock mass based on three-dimensional real scene and a horizontal projection in the present invention comprises the following implementation steps:
step A, acquiring data by using a compass and a GPS positioning device on site by engineering geological survey personnel;
step B, the imported data can be manually input and transmitted by electronic equipment in a wired or wireless way;
step C, selecting the slope to be analyzed: sequentially point-touching the three-dimensional terrain, generating a curve attached to the surface of the terrain by the system according to the point-touching sequence, and determining the terrain in the closed ring as an area to be analyzed when the closed ring is formed;
step D, extracting data points in the regions based on the regions to be analyzed after traversing the information of the geological data mark points, and determining the points as basic points for building a structural surface (or a free surface) model;
step E, generating a structural plane by the coordinates and the occurrence of the points searched in the previous step, wherein the plane equation of the structural plane is as follows:
sinαsinβ(x-x0)+sinαcosβ(y-y0)+cosα(z-z0)＝0 (1)
wherein the inclination angle of the structural surface (or the free surface) is α and the inclination angle is β, and the coordinate of the marking point is (x)0,y0,z0) The normal vector of the structural surface is (sin α sin β, sin α cos β, cos α), and the block body cutting method is that the structural surface and the blank surface cutting analysis area can be generated;
step F1, projecting the coordinate system as xyz coordinate system (north axis x, east axis y, vertical upward axis z), projecting the spherical equation:
x2+y2+z2＝R2(2)
the xOy plane is a red plane, a circle obtained by intersecting the red plane and the projection sphere is a base circle, and the equation of the base circle is as follows:
(0, 0, R) polar ray points, wherein the projection position is a lower hemisphere projection;
step F2, inputting inclination angles of the structural surface and the side slope into a 'block analysis' functional module, wherein data addition needs to be performed by an 'input panel', if the inclination angles are side slope occurrence (including natural side slopes and manually designed side slopes), a 'temporary empty surface' is selected, if the inclination angles are structural surface occurrence, a 'structural surface' is selected, the inclination unifies on the basis of the NE direction, the range is NE 0-360 degrees, if the input is wrong, the inclination angles can be modified in an input box, and the inclination angles can be input again by clicking 'reset';
if the input is the temporary face attitude, the face numbered by the number is automatically named in an 'A _ number' form and displayed on an 'attitude panel', if the face numbered by the number is a structural face, the face numbered by the number is automatically named in a 'B _ number' form, for the convenience of viewing, the face numbered by the number is automatically sorted to the front row of the table no matter the input sequence of each attitude, wherein the number is generated by adding an automatic calculation in the input sequence of the face of the 'A' type from '1', the face numbered by the number is automatically sorted to the back of the table 'A' type, and the number is generated by adding an automatic calculation in the input sequence of the face of the 'B' type from '1';
if the input birth shape is to be edited again, the number is clicked in the birth shape panel, the information is displayed in the input panel, and the input panel is clicked to determine and refresh after the input panel is modified;
step F3, after all information input is finished, clicking 'begin analysis', 'red flat projection panel' to display projection results of all structural surfaces, and 'analysis report panel' to display analysis report, wherein the red flat projection is used as the implementation mode of the method, namely 'three-point circle', the trend is firstly calculated according to the trend of the occurrence, the trend line is orthogonal to the trend line and passes through the center of the circle, the trend line is obtained, and two intersection points (x) of the trend line and the base circle are obtained (x is the intersection point of the trend line and the base circle)1,y1)、(x2,y2) Then, according to the inclination angle, finding the correspondent vertex (x) of the great circular arc pair on the red plane3,y3) The center of a circle (x) is determined by three points0,y0) And radius R:
intersecting the determined circle with the base circle, and reserving the part in the base circle, wherein the A-type projections are all highlighted by common black lines and yellow, and the B-type projections are all displayed by common black lines;
the sliding direction and the stable state in the analysis report can be obtained according to the red projection condition, wherein the stable grade is divided into: unstable state, less stable state, basic stable state, most stable state;
the sliding surface area and the block volume are calculated by jointly intersecting and cutting the structural surface and the three-dimensional terrain; the final analysis report can be edited and exported;
when a projection result and an analysis report are generated, an 'attitude panel' generates intersection line attitude among all structural surfaces and displays the intersection line attitude after B-type attitude, the numbering form is 'L _ number', and when a certain number is clicked, the corresponding point in a projection graph is highlighted;
g, modifying the side slope surface according to design requirements, adding a design slope inclination dip angle, wherein the artificial slope also belongs to a free surface, is classified into an A type in a production information panel, and specifies that the A type information cannot exceed two;
step H, clicking 'start analysis', and generating an analysis report of the modified side slope and each structural surface;
through the steps, the stability of the block can be quickly analyzed.
Claims (7)
1. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock block based on the three-dimensional live-action and the declination projection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A, collecting geological data information of a rock mass structure in an engineering area;
step B, importing geological data information into a three-dimensional live-action platform to generate a three-dimensional terrain, and embedding the geological data information into terrain data;
step C, determining a natural rock slope to be analyzed;
step D, screening out all structural plane data information within the range of the natural slope to be analyzed;
e, cutting a block in the three-dimensional live-action platform according to the structural plane information;
step F, according to the polar emission red projection method, a slope stability analysis report is rapidly generated;
step G, inputting artificial slope data according to a construction scheme;
step H, according to the polar emittance declination projection method, the natural slope data and the artificial slope data, a stability report is rapidly generated;
step E, generating a visual structural surface on the basis of the occurrence of the structural surface and the coordinates of the mark points, and cutting blocks by intersection of the structural surface; the structural plane equation is:
sinαsinβ(x-x0)+sinαcosβ(y-y0)+cosα(z-z0)＝0 (1)
wherein the inclination angle of the structural surface or the free surface is α and inclines to β, and the coordinate of the marking point is (x)0,y0,z0) The normal vector of the structural surface is (sin α sin β, sin α cos β, cos α);
the step F specifically comprises the following steps:
f1, a projection coordinate system is an xyz coordinate system, and a projection spherical equation:
x2+y2+z2＝R2(2)
the xOy plane is a red plane, a circle obtained by intersecting the red plane and the projection sphere is a base circle, and the equation of the base circle is as follows:
(0, 0, R) polar ray points, wherein the projection position is a lower hemisphere projection;
f2, inputting inclination angles of the structural plane and the side slope into a 'block analysis' functional module, wherein data addition needs to be carried out by an 'input panel', if the inclination angles are side slope occurrence, an 'empty face' is selected, if the inclination angles are structural face occurrence, a 'structural plane' is selected, the inclination unifies, the NE direction is taken as the standard, the range is NE 0-360 degrees, if the input is wrong, the inclination angles can be modified in an input box, and the 'reset' can be clicked for inputting again;
if the input is the temporary face attitude, the face numbered by the number is automatically named in an 'A _ number' form and displayed on an 'attitude panel', if the face numbered by the number is a structural face, the face numbered by the number is automatically named in a 'B _ number' form, for the convenience of viewing, the face numbered by the number is automatically sorted to the front row of the table no matter the input sequence of each attitude, wherein the number is generated by adding an automatic calculation in the input sequence of the face of the 'A' type from '1', the face numbered by the number is automatically sorted to the back of the table 'A' type, and the number is generated by adding an automatic calculation in the input sequence of the face of the 'B' type from '1';
if the input birth shape is to be edited again, the number is clicked in the birth shape panel, the information is displayed in the input panel, and the input panel is clicked to determine and refresh after the input panel is modified;
f3, when all information is input, clicking ' begin analysis ', ' red projection panel ' will display projection results of all structural surfaces, display system in ' analysis report panelThe analysis report is systematically made, wherein the realization mode of the diagram making by the stereographic projection is 'three-point circle', the trend is firstly calculated by the trend of the occurrence, the trend line is orthogonal to the trend line and passes through the center of a circle, the trend line can be obtained, and two intersection points (x) of the trend line and a base circle can be obtained1,y1)、(x2,y2) Then, according to the inclination angle, finding the correspondent vertex (x) of the great circular arc pair on the red plane3,y3) The center of a circle (x) is determined by three points0,y0) And radius R:
intersecting the determined circle with the base circle, and reserving the part in the base circle, wherein the A-type projections are all highlighted by common black lines and yellow, and the B-type projections are all displayed by common black lines;
the sliding direction and the stable state in the analysis report can be obtained according to the red projection condition, wherein the stable grade is divided into: unstable state, less stable state, basic stable state, most stable state;
the sliding surface area and the block volume are calculated by jointly intersecting and cutting the structural surface and the three-dimensional terrain; the final analysis report can be edited and exported;
and generating projection results and analysis reports, generating intersection line shapes among all structural surfaces by the aid of the shape-generating panel, displaying the intersection line shapes after the B-type shapes, displaying the intersection line shapes in a number form of 'L _ number', and displaying corresponding points in the projection drawing in a highlight mode when a certain number is clicked.
2. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock mass based on the three-dimensional real scene and the declination projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manner of acquiring the geological data information in the step A comprises: compass measurement, GPS location and unmanned aerial vehicle take photo by plane, and these data are deposited into the database after being gathered.
3. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock mass based on the three-dimensional live-action and the declination projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional live-action platform in the step B is a three-dimensional terrain model with a live-action map corresponding to a field compilation area of engineering geology, and is a three-dimensional digital scene which can accurately represent a field terrain environment and is formed by superposition processing of an image acquired by aerial photography of an unmanned aerial vehicle and elevation data.
4. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of a rock mass based on three-dimensional live-action and bathochromic projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slope to be analyzed in step C is determined by a user selecting a terrain by touching a tablet computer screen.
5. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of a rock mass based on three-dimensional real scene and the declination projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step D is to screen out all structural plane data information, including the coordinates, the inclination and the inclination of the geological point, within a range that has been filed in a geological information database for search and selection.
6. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock mass based on the three-dimensional real scene and the declination projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial slope data input in the step G is the tendency and the inclination angle of the artificial slope to be excavated, which are drawn up in the construction scheme.
7. The method for rapidly evaluating the stability of the rock mass based on the three-dimensional real scene and the declination projection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step H specifically comprises:
step H1, adding design slope data;
h2, establishing mathematical models of a projection sphere, a red plane, a base circle, a polar point and a meridional great circle;
h3, determining the inclination and inclination angle information of the side slope and the structural surface in the side slope, and establishing a mathematical equation of the side slope and the structural surface;
and H4, making a stereographic projection, and making block analysis, wherein the block analysis comprises a block which can slide, a sliding direction, a sliding surface area and a block volume.
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