CN106594155B - A kind of string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method - Google Patents
A kind of string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106594155B CN106594155B CN201611221997.9A CN201611221997A CN106594155B CN 106594155 B CN106594155 B CN 106594155B CN 201611221997 A CN201611221997 A CN 201611221997A CN 106594155 B CN106594155 B CN 106594155B
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- capillary
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- intrinsic frequency
- system intrinsic
- series
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
- B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
- B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
- B60G15/067—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
- F16F9/46—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall
- F16F9/461—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall characterised by actuation means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
- F16F9/46—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall
- F16F9/464—Control of valve bias or pre-stress, e.g. electromagnetically
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation methods;On pipeline between upper bunker and lower bunker oil transportation mouth, it is connected with capillary tandem damping association section, capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section in turn from top to bottom.Capillary tandem damping association section includes four capillaries being sequentially connected in series, and the both ends per capillary are parallel with solenoid valve control its work.It includes concatenated four road capillary that capillary series system intrinsic frequency, which is associated with section,;This four roads capillary is parallel with solenoid valve control its work.The diameter of frequency modulation section minimum capillary is much larger than the diameter of resistance trimming section capillary.In the working condition table of matrix form, the group state value S of frequency modulation section solenoid valve is chosen according to situationmn, by way of changing quality, you can solve the problems, such as that hydraulic vibration damper used for vehicle system frequency is non-adjustable or adjustable extent very little.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic type automobile damper field more particularly to a kind of string series connection intrinsic frequencies of capillary variable system
Rate vehicle shock absorber operation method.
Background technology
The vibration damping mode of automobile mainly has fluid pressure type, vapour-pressure type, electromagnetic type.Fluid pressure type is to use to obtain widest automobile at present
Vibration damping mode.The system frequency of hydraulic vibration absorber is the important performance indexes of vehicle shock absorber, at present fluid pressure type vibration damping
One of device performance the disadvantage is that the system frequency of damper is non-adjustable or adjustable extent very little.
The quality of hydraulic type automobile damper system intrinsic frequency will directly influence the Oscillation Amplitude of driving, comfort and
Ride comfort.
It is well known that for ideal spring oscillator, as shown in Figure 1, the intrinsic frequency of its system and spring oscillator bead
The square root of quality is inversely proportional;That is, when changing the quality of bead, the intrinsic frequency of system can change.Bead
The smaller then system of quality intrinsic frequency it is higher, the intrinsic frequency of the more big then system of quality of bead is lower.
As shown in Fig. 2, four road capillaries are capillary R8, R4, R2, R1 respectively;Their sectional areas are equal and in parallel respectively
Solenoid valve VR8、VR4、VR2、VR1.The length ratio of this 4 road capillary is 8:4:2:1;I.e. their length be according to 8421 two
Scale coding rule arranges.
In Fig. 2, damper will determine solenoid valve V according to damping requirementsR8、VR4、VR2、VR1Configuration SRn(the value model of n
It encloses:0、1、2、….、15.Wherein SR0Indicate solenoid valve VR8、VR4、VR2、VR1Close All.SR1Indicate VR8、VR4、VR2、VR1In only
VR1It is open-minded, remaining closing.SR2Indicate only VR2It is open-minded, remaining closing.SR3Indicate only VR2、VR1It is open-minded, remaining closing.And so on
SR4To SR15Meaning).As configuration SRnIt determines, then participates in the mass M that oscillation carries out the fluid of vibration damping in damperRnAlso it determines
.Compared with spring oscillator, mass MRnSimilar to the pellet quality of spring oscillator;So the intrinsic frequency of damper system at this time
What rate was then to determine, therefore intrinsic frequency is in determining configuration SRnUnder be nonadjustable.
Invention content
It is variable to provide a kind of string series connection capillary for the shortcomings that it is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned prior art and deficiency
System frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method reaches the mesh for the system frequency characteristic for improving hydraulic type automobile damper
's.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method, which includes vehicle
Frame 11, axle 17 and hydraulic cylinder 13;The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 13 passes through its piston rod connecting vehicle frame 11, the lower end of hydraulic cylinder 13
Cylinder body connects axle 17;Piston 15 in hydraulic cylinder 13 divides hydraulic cylinder 13 for upper bunker 14 and lower bunker 16;
On pipeline between 16 oil transportation mouth of the upper bunker 14 and lower bunker, it is connected with capillary series connection in turn from top to bottom
Formula damping association section, capillary series system intrinsic frequency are associated with section;That is, the F hydraulic fluid ports of capillary tandem damping association section
The E hydraulic fluid ports of the A hydraulic fluid ports of bunker 14 in connection, capillary tandem damping association section connect capillary series system intrinsic frequency
The I hydraulic fluid ports of section are associated with, capillary series system intrinsic frequency is associated with the B hydraulic fluid ports of bunker 16 under the J hydraulic fluid ports connection of section;
Vehicle shock absorber operation method is that, when generating relative motion between vehicle frame and axle, piston can generate accordingly
Or the movement of up or down, the capillary tandem that the oil-based liquid in hydraulic cylinder 13 can pass through between A hydraulic fluid ports, B hydraulic fluid ports at this time hinder
Buddhist nun is associated with section and is associated with section with capillary series system intrinsic frequency, and then flows to lower bunker 16 from upper bunker 14, or under
Bunker 16 flows to upper bunker 14;
Due to the viscous effect of the oil-based liquid in cylinder body, when oil-based liquid flows through capillary tandem damping association section
When, capillary tandem, which damps the capillary to work in association section, to generate damping to the flowing of oil-based liquid, to formation pair
The resistance of piston movement;The configuration S that the size of the resistance passes through solenoid valve by capillary control systemRnControl, and then realize hair
The resistance trimming of tubule tandem damping association section;
When oil-based liquid, which flows through capillary series system intrinsic frequency, is associated with section, changed by capillary control system
The configuration S of solenoid valvemn, then the system frequency of adjustable vibration-damper, and then realization capillary series system intrinsic frequency
It is associated with the frequency modulation of section.
The capillary tandem damping association section includes four capillaries being sequentially connected in series, wherein per capillary
Both ends are parallel with solenoid valve;The effect of the solenoid valve is to control the break-make of capillary.
The capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section includes concatenated four capillary;This four capillary is equal
It is parallel with solenoid valve;The effect of the solenoid valve is to control the break-make of capillary.
Two interface ends of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section are respectively I hydraulic fluid ports, J hydraulic fluid ports.
Four capillary sectional areas of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section are equal.
The length ratio of four capillaries of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section is 8:4:2:1;I.e.
Their length is arranged according to 8421 binary coding rule.
In four capillaries of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section, the diameter d of capillarymThan series connection
The capillary diameter d of formula damping association sectionRIt is twice above.
The capillary tandem damping association section is associated with the capillary in section with capillary series system intrinsic frequency,
Disk is at " M " word shape, serpentine shape or spiral-shaped.
The capillary tandem damping association section is associated with the solenoid valve in section with capillary series system intrinsic frequency
Also it is connect with capillary control system;Capillary control system is used to control the break-make of each solenoid valve.
Spring 12 is equipped between vehicle frame 11 and axle 17.
The vehicle shock absorber operation method of the present invention is described further below:
When generating relative motion between vehicle frame and axle, piston can generate accordingly or the movement of up or down, at this time liquid
Oil-based liquid in cylinder pressure 13 can pass through capillary tandem damping association section (the hereinafter referred to as resistance trimming between A hydraulic fluid ports, B hydraulic fluid ports
Section) section (hereinafter referred to as frequency modulation section) is associated with capillary series system intrinsic frequency, and then flow to lower bunker from upper bunker 14
16, or flow to upper bunker 14 from lower bunker 16.
Due to the viscous effect of the oil-based liquid in cylinder body, when oil-based liquid flows through resistance trimming section, the capillary of resistance trimming section
Damping can be generated to the flowing of oil-based liquid, to form the resistance moved to piston;The size of the resistance is controlled by capillary
The configuration S that system passes through solenoid valveRnControl, and then realize the resistance trimming of resistance trimming section.
In damper according to damping requirements by the configuration S of resistance trimming sectionRnAfter deciding, damper is further according to intrinsic frequency
It is required that the solenoid valve V that will determine frequency modulation sectionm8、Vm4、Vm2、Vm1Configuration Smn。SmnIn, the value range of n is 0,1,2 ..., 15;
Wherein Sm0Indicate solenoid valve Vm8、Vm4、Vm2、Vm1Close All;Sm1Indicate Vm8、Vm4、Vm2、Vm1In only Vm1It is open-minded, remaining closing;
Sm2Indicate only Vm2It is open-minded, remaining closing;Sm3Indicate only Vm2、Vm1It is open-minded, remaining closing.And so on Sm4To Sm15。
As the configuration S of frequency modulation sectionmnIt determines, then participates in the mass M of the fluid of oscillation in frequency modulation sectionmnAlso it determines that;To
The quality that the fluid that oscillation carries out vibration damping is participated in damper is then MRn+Mmn(M hereinRnTo participate in the fluid of oscillation in resistance trimming section
Quality).Compared with spring oscillator, mass MRn、MmnSynthesis quality then be similar to spring oscillator pellet quality;We are logical
Cross change MmnTo change MRn、MmnSynthesis quality to change the intrinsic frequency of damper system.
Because the diameter of the capillary of frequency modulation section is all much larger than the diameter of the capillary of resistance trimming section, the pressure of frequency modulation section
Head loss is just much smaller than the head loss of resistance trimming section.In this way, the damping of damper is exactly mainly the damping of resistance trimming section, it therefore, will
Capillary tandem damping association section is also referred to as resistance trimming section.Again because of influence very little of the frequency modulation section to damping, and it can change
Become the system frequency of damper, so, capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section is referred to as frequency modulation section.And because
Also tandem capillary is used to adjust for the adjusting of resistance trimming section tandem capillary, frequency modulation section, so, this system is exactly string series connection hair
(first " string " indicates that the working method of resistance trimming section is series system to tubule damper, and second " string " indicates the work of frequency modulation section
It is series system as mode).
Because the diameter of the damping very little of frequency modulation section, frequency modulation section capillary is bigger, we can be easy to pass through
The length of frequency modulation section capillary is lengthened by MmnIt is made and is much larger than MRn, so as to by the adjusting model of damper system intrinsic frequency
It encloses and is made very big.
The resistance trimming section of damper, frequency modulation section tandem working, the state of resistance trimming section is by configuration SRnDetermine, the state of frequency modulation section by
Configuration SmnIt determines;So the working condition of damper can be indicated with following table.
The theoretical work state table of damper:
Valued content in table above can be regarded to 16 × 16 matrix as, the element of the matrix is exactly (SRn,
Smn).Therefore, the mode of the theoretical work state matrix of damper clearly and succinctly is illustrated out by the present invention, so this
The system of invention is also referred to as a kind of vehicle shock absorber for capillary variable system intrinsic frequency of connecting for matrix-style serial.
The configuration S of each solenoid valve in resistance trimming section and frequency modulation sectionRn、SmnIt is controlled by the capillary control system of damper.
Because of the M of frequency modulation sectionmnAdjustable range it is very big, so the range that damper system intrinsic frequency changes is also very big;
To solve the problems, such as that hydraulic buffer system frequency is non-adjustable or adjustable extent very little.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, has the following advantages and effect:
The configuration S that the present invention passes through change frequency modulation section solenoid valvemnIt is non-adjustable to solve hydraulic buffer system frequency
Or the problem of adjustable extent very little.
Present inventive concept is ingenious, cheap, technological means is simple and easy to do.The present invention is constructed with simple mechanical structure
Digitlization adjusts the executing agency of damper system intrinsic frequency, and by the mode of the theoretical work state matrix of damper
Clearly and succinctly illustrate out;The quality for greatly improving the system frequency of hydraulic buffer, subtracts Hyundai Motor
The development for technology of shaking has advantageous effect positive, outstanding.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing spring oscillator schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the vehicle shock absorber of existing variable damp of capillary tubes in serial connection.
Fig. 3 is present invention string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber structural schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is more specifically described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 related content are shown in background technology part.
As shown in Figure 3.Resistance trimming section includes that four capillaries are R8, R4, R2, R1 respectively;Their sectional areas are equal and distinguish
Solenoid valve V in parallelR8、VR4、VR2、VR1Control its work.The length ratio of this four capillary is 8:4:2:1;Their diameter is equal
For dR。
Frequency modulation section includes that four capillaries are m8, m4, m2, m1 respectively;Their sectional areas are equal and distinguish solenoid valve in parallel
Vm8、Vm4、Vm2、Vm1Control its work;The length ratio of this four capillary is 8:4:2:1.In the present embodiment, this four hairs
The length L of most short capillary m1 in tubulem1Equal to the length L of resistance trimming section longest capillary R8R8Half.This four capillary
Diameter dmEqual to 4 times dR。
In damper according to damping requirements by the configuration S of resistance trimming sectionRnAfter deciding, damper is further according to intrinsic frequency
It is required that the solenoid valve V that will determine frequency modulation sectionm8、Vm4、Vm2、Vm1Configuration Smn;As the configuration S of frequency modulation sectionmnIt determines, then in frequency modulation section
Participate in the mass M of the fluid of oscillationmnAlso it determines that;To which the quality for the fluid that participation oscillation carries out vibration damping in damper is then
MRn+Mmn(M hereinRnTo participate in the quality of the fluid vibrated in resistance trimming section).Compared with spring oscillator, mass MRn、MmnSynthesis
Quality is then similar to the pellet quality of spring oscillator;We are by changing MmnTo change MRn、MmnSynthesis quality to change subtract
The intrinsic frequency for device system of shaking.
In the present embodiment, because of diameter dm=4dR, Lm1=0.5LR8;So the head loss of frequency modulation section is just much smaller than
The head loss of resistance trimming section.Again because of diameter dm=4dR, Lm1=0.5LR8;So the M of frequency modulation sectionmnMuch larger than the M of resistance trimming sectionRn,
So that the adjustable range of damper system intrinsic frequency is very big.
As described above, the present invention can be better realized.
Embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention
With under principle made by changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, should be equivalent substitute mode, be included in the present invention
Within protection domain.
Claims (9)
- The capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method 1. a kind of string is connected, which includes vehicle frame (11), axle (17) and hydraulic cylinder (13);The upper end of the hydraulic cylinder (13) passes through its piston rod connecting vehicle frame (11), hydraulic cylinder (13) lower end cylinder body connection axle (17);Piston (15) in hydraulic cylinder (13) by hydraulic cylinder (13) be divided into upper bunker (14) and Lower bunker (16);It is characterized in that:On pipeline between the upper bunker (14) and lower bunker (16) oil transportation mouth, it is connected with capillary series connection in turn from top to bottom Formula damping association section, capillary series system intrinsic frequency are associated with section;That is, the F hydraulic fluid ports of capillary tandem damping association section The E hydraulic fluid ports of the A hydraulic fluid ports of bunker (14) in connection, capillary tandem damping association section connect the intrinsic frequency of capillary series system Rate is associated with the I hydraulic fluid ports of section, and capillary series system intrinsic frequency is associated with the B hydraulic fluid ports of the lower bunker (16) of J hydraulic fluid ports connection of section;In string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber, first " string " indicates that the working method of resistance trimming section is Series system, second " string " indicate that the working method of frequency modulation section is series system;Vehicle shock absorber operation method is, when generating relative motion between vehicle frame and axle, piston can generate accordingly or on Movement under or, the capillary tandem that the oil-based liquid in hydraulic cylinder (13) can pass through between A hydraulic fluid ports, B hydraulic fluid ports at this time damp Association section is associated with section with capillary series system intrinsic frequency, and then flows to lower bunker (16), Huo Zhecong from upper bunker (14) Bunker (14) in lower bunker (16) flow direction;Due to the viscous effect of the oil-based liquid in cylinder body, when oil-based liquid flows through capillary tandem damping association section, hair The capillary to work in tubule tandem damping association section can generate damping to the flowing of oil-based liquid, be moved to piston to be formed Dynamic resistance;The configuration S that the size of the resistance passes through solenoid valve by capillary control systemRnControl, and then realize capillary string The resistance trimming of connection formula damping association section;When oil-based liquid, which flows through capillary series system intrinsic frequency, is associated with section, electromagnetism is changed by capillary control system The configuration S of valvemn, then the system frequency of adjustable vibration-damper, and then realization capillary series system intrinsic frequency association The frequency modulation of section.
- 2. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 1, feature It is:The capillary tandem damping association section includes four capillaries being sequentially connected in series, wherein the both ends per capillary It is parallel with solenoid valve;The capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section includes concatenated four capillary;This four capillary is in parallel There is solenoid valve.
- 3. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 2, feature It is:Two interface ends of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section are respectively I hydraulic fluid ports, J hydraulic fluid ports.
- 4. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 2, feature It is:Four capillary sectional areas of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section are equal.
- 5. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 2, feature It is:The length ratio of four capillaries of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section is 8:4:2:1;I.e. they Length be to be arranged according to 8421 binary coding rule.
- 6. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 5, feature It is:In four capillaries of the capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section, the diameter d of capillarymCompare tandem The capillary diameter d of damping association sectionRIt is twice above.
- 7. according to the string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation of any one of claim 1 to 6 Method, it is characterised in that:The capillary tandem damping association section is associated with capillary series system intrinsic frequency in section Capillary, disk is at " M " word shape, serpentine shape or spiral-shaped.
- 8. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 7, feature It is:Solenoid valve in capillary tandem damping association section and capillary series system intrinsic frequency association section also with Capillary control system connects;Capillary control system is used to control the break-make of each solenoid valve.
- 9. string series connection capillary variable system intrinsic frequency vehicle shock absorber operation method according to claim 7, feature It is:Spring (12) is equipped between vehicle frame (11) and axle (17).
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CN109083969A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-25 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Calculation of pressure loss method of string series connection R formula vehicle shock absorber |
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CN102518732A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 华南理工大学 | Automobile damper with variable damp of capillary tubes in serial connection |
DE102012004684A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-12 | Daimler Ag | Shock absorber for motor car, has frequency-selective valve for damping mechanical vibrations in frequency-resolved manner, and electrical displacement damping valve designed such that force-speed-characteristic is adjustable |
EP2902221A1 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-05 | CNH Industrial Italia S.p.A. | Roll-over protection system |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102079228A (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | 日立汽车***株式会社 | Suspension control apparatus for vehicle |
CN102518732A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 华南理工大学 | Automobile damper with variable damp of capillary tubes in serial connection |
DE102012004684A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-12 | Daimler Ag | Shock absorber for motor car, has frequency-selective valve for damping mechanical vibrations in frequency-resolved manner, and electrical displacement damping valve designed such that force-speed-characteristic is adjustable |
EP2902221A1 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-05 | CNH Industrial Italia S.p.A. | Roll-over protection system |
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