CN106450503B - Formation method of maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Formation method of maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450503B CN106450503B CN201610790236.9A CN201610790236A CN106450503B CN 106450503 B CN106450503 B CN 106450503B CN 201610790236 A CN201610790236 A CN 201610790236A CN 106450503 B CN106450503 B CN 106450503B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a formation method of a maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, belonging to the technical field of formation charging. The problems that the existing lead-acid storage battery is time-consuming to charge, uncontrollable in water evaporation, large in acid mist and the like are solved. The formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery comprises the steps of battery assembly, electrolyte filling and electrochemical formation, wherein a temporary top cover is placed on the battery in the formation process, the temporary top cover is consistent with a normal battery top cover, the functions of exhausting air and slowing down the volatilization of moisture and acid mist are achieved, the consistency of the acid liquid level and the density of the battery is kept, meanwhile, the acid adhesion on the surface of the battery is reduced, the electric arc on the surface of the battery is eliminated, and the fire risk of the battery is reduced. The invention has the advantages that the invention can reduce the water loss and the volatilization of acid mist in the formation process, thereby ensuring the consistency of the acid liquid level of the battery and the specific gravity of the acid; the temperature stability in the battery formation process is ensured; the formation charging time is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of formation charging, and relates to a formation method of a maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery.
Background
The commonly used formation charging methods of lead-acid storage batteries include constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging. However, the following problems exist in the prior art: 1. the charging time is long, and most of the charging time needs more than ten hours to more than twenty hours; 2. the water evaporation is uncontrollable in the charging process, and the acid liquid level and the acid specific gravity consistency among the cells of the same battery are poor after the formation is finished; 3. the acid mist is large in formation, and is attached to the surface of the battery to easily form micro electric arcs on the battery, so that the battery can be ignited seriously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a formation method of a maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, aiming at the problems of time consumption, uncontrollable water evaporation, large acid mist and the like of the conventional lead-acid storage battery.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a formation method of a maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery comprises the steps of battery assembly, electrolyte filling and electrochemical formation, and is characterized in that a temporary top cover is placed on the battery in the formation process, the temporary top cover is consistent with a normal battery top cover, the functions of exhausting air and slowing down water and acid mist volatilization are achieved, the consistency of the acid liquid level and the density of the battery is kept, meanwhile, acid adhesion on the surface of the battery is reduced, electric arcs on the surface of the battery are eliminated, and the ignition risk of the battery is reduced.
As an improvement of the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, in the first step, water bath heat preservation is adopted in the formation process of the battery, the line spacing of the battery is not less than 30 millimeters, so that sufficient water around the battery is ensured, the circulation of circulating water is also ensured, and the formation temperature in the battery in the formation process is controlled by controlling the temperature and the flow of the circulating water.
As an improvement of the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, the second step is to start a circulating water cooling device and increase the flow of circulating water or perform two steps of operations simultaneously if the internal temperature of the battery is high; if the internal temperature of the battery is low, the circulating water cooling device is turned off, the circulating water flow is reduced or two operations are simultaneously performed.
As an improvement of the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, the third step is that the formation process adopts a constant-current two-stage charging method, and the formation current is controlled by the contact area of positive and negative plate lead pastes (namely the area of a positive plate of a contact surface plus the area of a negative plate).
As an improvement of the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, the fourth step is a formation first stage: the battery is kept stand for 30min after acid is added, the pole plates and sulfuric acid are enabled to fully react, then the battery is charged by constant current, the current value is controlled by the contact area of the positive pole plate and the negative pole plate, and the current density is 1.75A/dm2 (adjusted according to different conditions). The charging time is based on the negative plate being fully charged to spongy lead (i.e. PbS04 content below 3%, good spongy lead should be shown when the ceramic tool scrapes the surface of the plate). The internal temperature of the battery is controlled to be not lower than 43 ℃ and the peak temperature is controlled to be higher than 70 ℃ but not higher than 82 ℃ in the formation process.
As an improvement of the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery, the fifth step is that the battery is kept stand for 1 hour after the first formation stage is finished so as to reduce the voltage and the internal temperature of the battery, and then the second formation stage is carried out: constant current charging is also used, with the current value being 2/3 for the first phase. The charge time was based on the positive plate fully penetrating (PbS04 content below 8%, no sign of active softening, showing less than 10% plate surface area for PbS 04). The internal temperature of the battery is controlled to be not lower than 32 ℃ and the peak temperature exceeds 66 ℃ in the formation process.
Compared with the prior art, the formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery has the following advantages: 1. the temporary top cover is placed on the battery in the formation process, so that the water loss and the acid mist volatilization in the formation process are reduced, the consistency of the acid liquid level of the battery and the specific gravity of acid is ensured, meanwhile, the acid adhesion on the surface of the battery is reduced, the generation of electric arcs on the surface of the battery is eliminated, and the risk of ignition of the battery is reduced; 2. the water bath formation is adopted, and the temperature reduction and heat preservation of the battery are controlled by adjusting the water flow, so that the temperature stability in the battery formation process is ensured; 3. the formation current is controlled by the contact area of the lead plaster of the positive and negative plates, and the formation charging time is reduced by adopting large-current constant-current two-stage charging.
Detailed Description
Firstly, placing a temporary top cover before the formation of the battery, wherein the temporary top cover is consistent with a normal battery top cover, has the functions of exhausting air and slowing down the volatilization of water and acid mist, keeps the consistency of the acid liquid level and the density of the battery, reduces the acid adhesion on the surface of the battery, eliminates the electric arc on the surface of the battery and reduces the risk of ignition of the battery;
the formation process of the battery adopts water bath heat preservation, and the line spacing of the battery is not less than 30 mm, so that sufficient water around the battery is ensured, and the circulation of circulating water can also be ensured. The temperature of the formed battery is controlled in the forming process by controlling the temperature and the flow of the circulating water. If the internal temperature of the battery is high, starting a circulating water cooling device, increasing the flow of circulating water or simultaneously performing two operations; if the internal temperature of the battery is low, the circulating water cooling device is closed, the circulating water flow is reduced or two steps of operation are carried out simultaneously;
the formation adopts a constant-current two-section charging method, and the contact area of positive and negative plate lead pastes (namely the area of a positive plate of a contact surface plus the area of a negative plate) is used for controlling the formation current;
the formation first stage: the battery is kept stand for 30min after acid is added, the pole plates and sulfuric acid are enabled to fully react, then the battery is charged by constant current, the current value is controlled by the contact area of the positive pole plate and the negative pole plate, and the current density is 1.75A/dm2 (adjusted according to different conditions). The charging time is based on the negative plate being fully charged to spongy lead (i.e. PbS04 content below 3%, good spongy lead should be shown when the ceramic tool scrapes the surface of the plate). Controlling the internal temperature of the battery to be not lower than 43 ℃ and the peak temperature to exceed 70 ℃ but not to exceed 82 ℃ in the formation process;
and standing for 1h after the first stage is finished, and reducing the voltage and the internal temperature of the battery.
And (3) formation in a second stage: constant current charging is also used, with the current value being 2/3 for the first phase. The charge time was based on the positive plate fully penetrating (PbS04 content below 8%, no sign of active softening, showing less than 10% plate surface area for PbS 04). The internal temperature of the battery is controlled to be not lower than 32 ℃ and the peak temperature exceeds 66 ℃ in the formation process.
It is to be understood that in the claims, the specification of the present invention, all "including … …" are to be interpreted in an open-ended sense, i.e., in a sense equivalent to "including at least … …", and not in a closed sense, i.e., in a sense not to be interpreted as "including only … …".
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A formation method of a maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery comprises the steps of battery assembly, electrolyte filling and electrochemical formation, and is characterized in that a temporary top cover is placed on the battery in the formation process, and the temporary top cover is consistent with a normal battery top cover; in the formation process, a constant-current two-section charging method is adopted, the formation current is controlled by the contact area of positive and negative plate lead pastes, and the contact area of the positive and negative plate lead pastes is the area of a positive plate of a contact surface plus the area of a negative plate;
the formation first stage: standing the battery for 30min after adding acid to ensure that the polar plates and sulfuric acid fully react, and then charging the battery with constant current, wherein the current value is controlled by the contact areas of the positive and negative polar plates, and the current density is 1.75A/dm2The current density can be adjusted according to different conditions; the charging time is based on that the negative plate is completely charged into spongy lead, and the negative plate is completely charged into spongy lead which means PbSO4The content is lower than 3%, and when a ceramic tool scrapes the surface of the electrode plate, good sponge lead is displayed; controlling the internal temperature of the battery to be not lower than 43 ℃ and the peak temperature to exceed 70 ℃ but not to exceed 82 ℃ in the formation process;
standing for 1 hour after the formation first stage is finished to reduce the voltage and the internal temperature of the battery, and then entering a formation second stage: also adopts constant current charging, and the current value is 2/3 in the first stage; the charging time is based on the complete penetration of the positive plate, which means PbSO4At a content below 8%, there was no sign of softening of the active, showing PbSO4The surface area of the polar plate is less than 10 percent; the internal temperature of the battery is controlled to be not lower than 32 ℃ and the peak temperature exceeds 66 ℃ in the formation process.
2. The formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, wherein a water bath is adopted for heat preservation in the formation process of the battery, the line spacing of the battery is not less than 30 mm, so that sufficient water quantity around the battery is ensured, the circulation of circulating water is also ensured, and the formation temperature in the battery in the formation process is controlled by controlling the temperature and the flow of the circulating water.
3. The formation method of the maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery according to claim 2, characterized in that if the internal temperature of the battery is high, a circulating water cooling device is started, the circulating water flow is increased or two operations are carried out simultaneously; if the internal temperature of the battery is low, the circulating water cooling device is turned off, the circulating water flow is reduced or two operations are simultaneously performed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610790236.9A CN106450503B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Formation method of maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery |
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| CN201610790236.9A CN106450503B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Formation method of maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery |
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| CN106450503A CN106450503A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106450503B true CN106450503B (en) | 2021-11-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109411839A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-01 | 天能电池(芜湖)有限公司 | A kind of technique reducing charging energy consumption |
| CN114050329B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-04-12 | 天能电池集团股份有限公司 | Maintenance-free automobile storage battery production process |
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