CN106417306B - 一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents

一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物 Download PDF

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CN106417306B
CN106417306B CN201610814731.9A CN201610814731A CN106417306B CN 106417306 B CN106417306 B CN 106417306B CN 201610814731 A CN201610814731 A CN 201610814731A CN 106417306 B CN106417306 B CN 106417306B
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韦锦思
韦敏
杨业喜
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SUZHOU JINLIQI ORGANIC AGRICULTURE CO.,LTD.
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物，有效成分由唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素组成，其中唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的重量比为10‑25:1‑2。本发明的配方增效显著，有利于降低农药使用量，减少化学农药残留，有利于延缓茶小绿叶蝉的抗性发展。

Description

一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及农业应用技术领域，具体是一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
茶小绿叶蝉是茶区普遍发生、危害性较大和重点防治的主要害虫，其中以假眼小绿叶蝉的危害最为严重。为了控制茶小绿叶蝉的危害，经常要采用药剂进行防治,但由于药剂频繁使用，茶小绿叶蝉抗药性加剧，防治效果下降，药效降低。
唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)是原日本三菱化学公司开发的新型吡唑杂环类杀虫杀螨剂，它的主要作用机制是阻止昆虫的氧化磷酸化作用，还具有杀卵、抑食抑制产卵作用。目前，美国默赛技术公司登记有30％唑虫酰胺悬浮剂应用于防治茶小绿叶蝉。因其长期单一频繁的施用，茶小绿叶蝉已经对其产生一定的抗性。
苦皮藤属卫矛科南蛇藤属多年生藤本植物，广泛分布于我国黄河、长江流域的丘陵和山区。苦皮藤的根皮和茎皮均含有多种强力杀虫成分，目前已从根皮或种子中分离鉴定出数十个新化合物，特别是从种油中获得4个结晶，即苦皮藤酯I-Ⅳ、从根皮中获得5个纯天然产物，即苦皮藤素I-V。这些苦皮藤重要的杀虫活性成分均简称为苦皮藤素(celastrusangulatus)。
通过不同作用机理的农药进行复配，是延缓病虫害抗药性的一个快捷而简单的途径，目前关于唑虫酰胺与苦皮藤素复配用于防治茶小绿叶蝉的尚无报道与应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物，其配方增效显著，有利于降低农药使用量，减少化学农药残留，有利于延缓茶小绿叶蝉的抗性发展。
本发明采取的技术方案是：一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物，有效成分由唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素组成，唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的重量比为10-25:1-2，优选的，唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的重量比为25:2。
本发明的杀虫组合物按照本领域技术人员所公知的方法，加入相应辅助剂，制成水乳剂、乳油、悬浮剂等农业上可接受的剂型。
本发明的杀虫组合物所需要的辅助剂包括溶剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂或其它有益于有效成分在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的已知物质，都是农药制剂领域中常用或允许使用的各种成分。
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益的技术效果：
(1)唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素按一定比例混配后具有明显增效作用，能减少各单剂的施用量，提高防治效果。
(2)唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的作用机理不同，相互混用能延缓或克服害虫抗药性的产生，延长了唑虫酰胺的使用寿命。
(3)本发明能减少唑虫酰胺单剂在茶叶上的施用量和使用次数，减轻了化学农药残留，更加绿色环保。
具体实施方式
以下结合测定杀虫剂活性的室内联合毒力测定试验及大田药效试验对本发明的技术方案和技术效果作进一步说明，本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
发明人通过大量的筛选试验，发现唑虫酰胺与苦皮藤素在一定配比范围内混配对茶小绿叶蝉具有明显的协同增效作用，其效果不仅仅是两种药剂的简单相加，具体用以下生物测定实例加以说明。
一、生物测定实例
实施例1：唑虫酰胺、苦皮藤素及其混剂对茶树假眼小绿叶蝉室内毒力测定
供试对象：茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescens)采自福建漳州市南靖县，在茶树上养殖，挑取一致的3龄若虫用于试验。
试验药剂：95％唑虫酰胺原药(美国默赛技术公司)；6％苦皮藤素母药(河南省新乡市东风化工厂生产)
试验方法：参考(庄家祥等，2009，福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异)和农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂NY/T 1154.11-2008)，采用浸梢法。
采用孙云沛的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用，当共毒系数(CTC)≥120时，组合物表现为增效作用；当CTC≤80时，组合物表现为拮抗作用；当80＜CTC＜120时，组合物表现为相加作用。
试验结果见表1。
表1唑虫酰胺、苦皮藤素及其混剂对茶小绿叶蝉联合毒力测定表
供试药剂 配比 LC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L) 共毒系数(CTC)
唑虫酰胺(A) / 2.79 /
苦皮藤素(B) / 0.82 /
A:B 10:1 1.40 163.5
A:B 10:2 1.46 136.5
A:B 15:1 1.68 144.4
A:B 15:2 1.34 161.9
A:B 20:1 1.62 154.8
A:B 25:1 1.44 176.7
A:B 25:2 1.30 181.5
A:B 1:8 1.15 77.7
表1的联合毒力测试的结果表明，唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素重量比为10-25:1-2之间混配对茶小绿叶蝉的联合毒力测定的共毒系数(CTC)均大于120，具有增效作用，以重量比为25:2的增效最为明显。
二、制备实施例
实施例1：5.2％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(唑虫酰胺∶苦皮藤素＝25:1)
按量称取唑虫酰胺5％、苦皮藤素0.2％、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚3.5％(分散剂)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磷酸酯3.0％(润湿剂)、1.5％聚乙烯醇(增稠剂)、0.3％有机硅消泡剂，去离子水补足至100％。
实施例2：2.5％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(唑虫酰胺∶苦皮藤素＝23:2)
按量称取唑虫酰胺2.3％、苦皮藤素0.2％、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚3.5％(分散剂)、聚萘甲醛磺酸钠5.0％(润湿剂)、乙二醇2.5％(抗冻剂)、黄原胶0.8％、0.3％有机硅消泡剂，去离子水补足至100％。
实施例1-2的制备方法是：将各组份按配方的比例混合均匀，经研磨和高速剪切后得到含有唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，剂型为悬浮剂。
实施例3：2.2％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素乳油(唑虫酰胺∶苦皮藤素＝10:1)
按量称取唑虫酰胺2.0％、苦皮藤素0.2％、十二烷基苯磺酸钠3％(分散剂)、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚2.0％(乳化剂)、二甲亚砜5％(助溶剂)、松脂油补足至100％。
实施例3的制备方法是：将唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素原药、乳化剂和助溶剂等，按配方比例依次加入混合釜，搅拌均匀，即得2.2％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素乳油。
实施例4：8.0％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素水乳剂(唑虫酰胺∶苦皮藤素＝15:1)
按量称取唑虫酰胺7.5％、苦皮藤素0.5％、联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚3.5％、二甲苯10％、十二烷基苯磺酸钙5.0％、有机硅0.8％、水补足至100％。
实施例4的制备方法为：将唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素原药、溶剂、乳化剂溶解，然后与水混合，并经反应釜的高速搅拌和剪切机的高速剪切，即制得8.0％唑虫酰胺·苦皮藤素水乳剂。
三、大田药效实施例
实施例1：唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素复配对茶小绿叶蝉的田间药效试验
试验设计:试验采用常规喷雾法，喷药时力求均匀周到。施药时田间茶小绿叶蝉为2-3代发生高峰期。施药前在每小区按对角线5点取样，每点选取有茶小绿叶蝉卵及成虫的茶叶树3株，统计施药前茶小绿叶蝉数量的虫口基数。药后3d、7d、15d分别调查残留茶小绿叶蝉活虫数，记载活虫数，计算防治效果。
试验期间天气良好，日平均气温为20.4-27.5℃。试验期间观察各处理小区茶叶生长良好，均未发现有药害现象发生。
试验结果见表2
从表2可以看出，唑虫酰胺与苦皮藤素复配后，混配剂对茶树假眼小绿叶蝉的防治效果、速效性和持效性均明显好于单剂。这有利于减少唑虫酰胺的用药量和用药次数，有利于减少茶叶上的农药残留，对显著延缓茶树小绿叶蝉抗药性的产生和降低防治成本具有重要意义。

Claims (3)

1.一种含苦皮藤素和唑虫酰胺的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的重量比为10-25:1-2。
2.根据权利要1所述的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，唑虫酰胺和苦皮藤素的重量比为25:2。
3.根据权利要1或2所述的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，所述的杀虫组合物适用于防治茶小绿叶蝉。
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