CN106380145B - 无石棉纤维水泥防火板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

无石棉纤维水泥防火板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN106380145B
CN106380145B CN201610763504.8A CN201610763504A CN106380145B CN 106380145 B CN106380145 B CN 106380145B CN 201610763504 A CN201610763504 A CN 201610763504A CN 106380145 B CN106380145 B CN 106380145B
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CN106380145A (zh
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史林忠
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Anhui Aifuxi New Building Materials Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06Aluminous cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种无石棉纤维水泥防火板,所述无石棉无石棉纤维水泥防火板由质量百分比计:胶凝剂5‑35%,硅质材料30‑55%,钙质材料2‑20%,膨胀蛭石3‑20%,云母2‑5%,硅灰石2‑8%,纤维素纤维4‑8%,本发明制得的无石棉纤维水泥防火板强度高,重量轻,成本低,制造方法简单,保温、防火性能优异,可广泛用于吊顶、隔墙的防火隔断,风管、钢结构梁柱、电线电缆等的防火包覆。

Description

无石棉纤维水泥防火板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维水泥板领域,特别涉及一种无石棉纤维水泥防火板及其制造方法。
背景技术
纤维水泥板是由硅质材料和钙质材料为主,辅以增强纤维经制浆、成型、蒸养、烘干、砂光及后加工等工序制成的一种新型板材。产品具有轻质高强、防火隔热,加工性好等优点,可广泛应用于高层和公共建筑物的防火隔墙板、吊顶板、风道、各种船舶的隔仓板,以及防火门等,是建筑被动防火的理想材料。
然而,一般的纤维水泥板在高温燃烧时,会存在较大收缩,按照建筑材料标准升温曲线测试耐火极限时,通常高温热收缩率会达到2%以上,由此出现的表面裂纹、翘曲变形、破裂,板材不再具备完整性,失去被动防火能力,将使被防护的建筑构件直接暴露在高温下,这将是灾难性的。
因此,要保证纤维水泥板的防火性能,必须控制其高温热收缩,其高温热收缩率应该有一个范围,通常控制在1.2%以内时,纤维水泥板能够长时间保持完整性,使背火温度低于建筑构件的失效温度,达到被动防火的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防火性能优良的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其具有强度高、重量轻,成本低,制造方法简单,保温、防火性能优异的特点,可适用于各种建筑的被动防火***。
为了达到上述目的,本发明在配方中使用了膨胀蛭石在不同温度下膨胀过的蛭石的组合物。
蛭石是一种可膨胀的层状硅酸盐矿物,经焙烧或化学膨胀后的产物叫膨胀蛭石。由于膨胀蛭石容重小、导热系数小、吸音、吸湿效果好且耐腐蚀、熔点高,因此膨胀蛭石是一种优良的轻质保温隔热材料。蛭石的膨胀温度在约150-1000℃之间,在不同的温度时,具有不同的膨胀倍率和容重。通过调整膨胀温度,我们可以控制膨胀蛭石的膨胀倍率。这样在一定温度下膨胀过的蛭石,在更高温度下,还可以继续轻微膨胀,由此可以有效抵消硅酸钙板的在不同高温下的热收缩,长时间保持其完整性,同时,也有效降低了纤维水泥板的密度,具有较低的导热系数,起到保温隔热作用。
本发明提供的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,按质量百分比计的组成为:胶凝剂5-35%,硅质材料30-50%,钙质材料2-20%,膨胀蛭石3-20%,云母2-5%,硅灰石2-8%,纤维素纤维4-8%。
进而,所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其中的膨胀蛭石为分别在500-700℃、700-800℃、800-900℃的三个温度段煅烧而成膨胀蛭石的组合物,且三种膨胀蛭石按质量百分比用量均不低于1%,其平均粒径为40-300目之间。
进而,所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,胶凝剂为硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、中的一种或多种。
进而,所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,硅质材料为石英、硅藻土、硅灰、粉煤灰中的一种或多种。
进而,所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,钙质材料为消石灰或生石灰。
进而,所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其制造方法包括以下步骤:
1)混合:将原料计量,在高速混合机内与水混合均匀,控制料浆质量浓度为4-20%。
2)制板:将混合好的料浆经过抄取、流浆或模压法脱水制成无石棉纤维水泥防火板板坯。
3)蒸压养护:在高压釜中高温固化制得无石棉纤维水泥防火板。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述:
实施例制得无石棉纤维水泥防火板的组成与试验结果在表1中给出。
用以下步骤制备无石棉纤维水泥防火板:
1)混合:将原料计量,在高速混合机内与水混合均匀,控制料浆质量浓度约为12%。
2)制板:将混合好的料浆经过抄取、流浆或模压法脱水制成无石棉纤维水泥防火板板坯。
3)蒸压养护:在高压釜中高温固化制得无石棉纤维水泥防火板。
4)检测:按GB7019-2014中规定的方法检测抗折强度和密度,在高温炉中将样板分别在1000℃和1200℃煅烧120分钟,检测热收缩率。
表1
从实施例的检测数据中可以看出,制得的无石棉纤维水泥防火板具有较高的抗折强度,较低的密度,和较低的热收缩率,是性能优异的无石棉纤维水泥防火板。
以上实施例仅为本发明其中的一种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述无石棉纤维水泥防火板按质量百分比计的组成为:胶凝剂5-35%,硅质材料30-50%,钙质材料2-20%,膨胀蛭石3-20%,云母2-5%,硅灰石2-8%,纤维素纤维4-8%,所述膨胀蛭石为分别在大于等于500℃且小于700℃、大于等于700℃且小于800℃、大于等于800℃且小于900℃的三个温度段煅烧而成膨胀蛭石的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述在大于等于500℃且小于700℃、大于等于700℃且小于800℃、大于等于800℃且小于900℃的三个温度段煅烧而成的三种所述膨胀蛭石,每种所述膨胀蛭石按质量百分比用量均不低于1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述膨胀蛭石平均粒径为40-300目之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述胶凝剂为硅酸盐水泥、复合硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述硅质材料为石英、硅藻土、硅灰、粉煤灰中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板,其特征在于,所述钙质材料为消石灰或生石灰。
7.根据权利要求1至6其中之一所述的无石棉纤维水泥防火板的制造方法,其特征在于:其包括以下步骤:
1)混合:将原料计量,在高速混合机内与水混合均匀,控制料浆质量浓度为4-20%;
2)制板:将混合好的料浆经过抄取、流浆或模压法脱水制成无石棉纤维水泥防火板板坯;
3)蒸压养护:在高压釜中高温固化制得无石棉纤维水泥防火板。
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CN108863258A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-11-23 金强(福建)建材科技股份有限公司 一种高温稳定性好的防火用硅酸钙板及其制备方法
CN109133840A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-04 肇庆三乐集成房屋制造有限公司 一种增强型硅酸钙板及其制备方法
CN112500083A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-03-16 广东新元素板业有限公司 一种耐高温的木纤维增强硅酸盐平板及其制备方法
CN114380553A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-22 江西远洋威利实业有限公司 一种耐火型硅酸盐防火fca板及其制备方法
CN114772984B (zh) * 2022-04-14 2023-08-04 广东新元素板业有限公司 一种高韧性纤维增强硅酸盐板的制备方法
CN115466079B (zh) * 2022-09-28 2023-09-05 中材(池州)节能新材料有限公司 一种低密度防火板及其制备方法

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CN102765959B (zh) * 2011-05-05 2015-09-02 江海红 一种蓄能节能型泡沫石膏水泥复合材料及其制备方法
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