CN106350739B - Low-alloy superplasticity steel and preparation method in low-carbon in high strain rate - Google Patents
Low-alloy superplasticity steel and preparation method in low-carbon in high strain rate Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
Low-alloy superplasticity steel and preparation method in low-carbon in a kind of high strain rate, belong to high strength steel superplasticity steel and Superplastic Forming Techniques field.Chemical component weight percentage are as follows: C:0.01-0.49%, Mn:2.5-13.0%, Al:0-12.0%, Si:0-3.0%, Cr:0-3.0%, Ni:0-3.0%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；It can also separately be subject to lower a kind of or multiple element: Mo:0-0.2%, Nb:0-0.20%, Ti:0-0.20%, V:0-0.20%, RE:0-0.20% on this basis.Hot rolling and the cold rolling superplasticity steel of the middle low-carbon and low-alloy with superplastic ability are produced by processes such as traditional smelting, casting, hot rolling, heat treatment and cold rollings.The advantage is that the superplasticity property with excellent 100-1500% and room temperature tensile strength after the superplastic deformation of 700-1500MPa.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high strength steel superplasticity steel and Superplastic Forming Techniques fields, in particular, provide a kind of series
Change in high strain rate low-alloy superplasticity steel and preparation method in low-carbon.
Technical background
Plasticity refers under given conditions, i.e., in low strain rate (ε=10-2~10-4s-1), certain deformation temperature
Spend under conditions of (the about half of thermodynamics fusion temperature) and stable and tiny grain size (0.5~5 μm), certain metals or
Low-intensity and a kind of characteristic more than 100% elongation is presented in alloy.The earliest report of Superplasticity Phenomenon be in nineteen twenty,
Rosenhain etc. has found that Zn-4Cu-7Al alloy when low speed is bent, can be bent nearly 180 °.1934, C.P.Pearson hair
Existing Pb-Sn eutectic alloy in room temperature low-speed tensile available 2000% elongation percentage.The discovery such as A.A.Bochvar in 1945
Zn-Al eutectoid alloy has abnormal high elongation percentage and proposition " superplasticity " this noun.1964, W.A.Backofen pairs
Zn-Al alloy has carried out systematic research, and proposes this new concept of strain rate sensitivity m, grinds for superplasticity
Study carefully and lays a good foundation.
People pay attention to developing the superplasticity of industrial trade mark alloy, are based on above-mentioned organization condition from the 1970s, super
The pretreatment of refinement crystal grain, including heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment are carried out before plastic deformation or forming to material, some processing
Technique is quite many and diverse, consumes the energy, manpower and material.Find under study for action many industrial alloys under state part of supplying, although
The organization condition of uniform isometric fine grain cannot be fully met, but also (Ti-6Al-4V is exactly therein with good superplasticity
One typical case).Micronization processes technique is used no or little in this way, can greatly improve the economy of plastic technology.Therefore it supplies
The research and development of state superplastic alloy have become an important R&D direction of superplastic material and superplastic forming research and development.
Up to the present, it has been found that numerous aluminium and aluminium alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, titanium or titanium alloy and other metals
Superplasticforming is difficult to realize with superplasticity, but in middle low-carbon low-alloy steel field.1970s, American scientist
O.D.Sherby etc. has been started with the superplastic research work of the superhigh carbon steel of 1.0-2.1%C, is found superhigh carbon steel and is applied
It is a series of that there is superplastic superhigh carbon steel patent, open the research superplastic basic research of steel material and application study work
Make.In addition in the stainless steel field of high alloy (austenitic stainless steel and two phase stainless steel, the precious alloys such as Ni, Cr, Mn, Mo
Content has reached 30% or so), people can obtain the super of 100-2500% it has also been found that within the temperature range of 900-1200 DEG C
Plasticity.It is low to explore always low-carbon in exploitation for the disadvantages of alloy content of solderability difference and stainless steel in view of superhigh carbon steel is high
The superplasticity and its industrialization of steel alloy.But up to the present, middle low carbon steel is superplastic studies have shown that existing middle low-carbon is low
Steel alloy is difficult to realize superplasticity, more do not develop without heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment can heavy industrialization the supply of material
The low medium carbon steel iron material of the superplasticity of state.
The present invention propose by alloying component be designed with traditional rolling (hot rolling and cold rolling), obtain a kind of hot rolling
Or the cold rolling supply of material superplastic middle low-carbon plate of state, the high temperature warm area at 550-1200 DEG C and the deformation at 0.1-0.001/ seconds
The superplastic hot rolling of middle low-carbon and the cold rolling steel of 200%-1500% elongation percentage are obtained under rate.Steel of the present invention has 0.01-
The middle low carbon content of 0.49%C, steel plate or components after superplasticforming have after having good welding performance and forming
The room temperature tensile intensity of 700-1500MPa.The superplasticity steel plate can be carried out by conventional smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling and cold rolling
Large-scale industrial production, the complicated heat treatment before not needing superplastic deformation, becoming one kind can be with large-scale industry metaplasia
The low middle carbon and low-alloy superplasticity steel of the supply of material state of production has broken middle low-carbon low-alloy steel without superplastic limitation, has been super
Complex parts steel formability provides the superplastic material basis of industrialization supply of material state.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide low-alloy superplasticity steel and preparations in low-carbon in a kind of seriation high strain rate
The microalloy element that method is main adding elements by Mn, Al and C and is precipitated with strong carbides such as Ti, Zr, Nb, V and rare earths
Alloying Design；It is produced by processes such as traditional smelting, casting, hot rolling, heat treatment and cold rollings with superplastic ability
The hot rolling of middle low-carbon and low-alloy and cold rolling superplasticity steel.
Acquisition 100%-1500% extends in 550-1250 DEG C of temperature and within the scope of 0.1-0.001/ seconds rates of deformation
Superplasticity cold rolling steel of rate and preparation method thereof.Relative to the Super High Carbon superplasticity steel of traditional 1.0-2.1%C, steel of the present invention
Middle low carbon content with 0.01-0.49%C, by smelting, hot rolling and cold rolling obtain the rolled with superplasticity property and
The supply of material state plate of cold rolling state can realize the near-net-shape of High-strength plate and other complex parts by superplastic forming.
Steel plate or components after superplasticforming have the room temperature tensile intensity of good welding performance and 700-1500MPa.This is super
The production of plastic steel plate low-cost and easy-to can carry out large-scale industrial production by conventional smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling and cold rolling,
The non-welding character energy and the low medium carbon steel of tradition for compensating for conventional ultra high carbon superplasticity steel do not have superplastic under state of supplying
Defect provides material foundation for complex parts steel formability, reduction welding and lightweight.
Chemical component weight percentage of the invention are as follows: C:0.01-0.49%, Mn:2.5-13.0%, Al:0-12.0%,
Si:0-3.0%, Cr:0-3.0%, Ni:0-3.0%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity；It on this basis can also be another
It is subject to lower a kind of or multiple element: Mo:0-0.2%, Nb:0-0.20%, Ti:0-0.20%, V:0-0.20%, RE:0-
0.20%.
The component system can guarantee the ferrite and austenitic duplex tissue that have ultra-fine during superplasticforming,
And the crystallite dimension of ferrite and austenite is no more than 5 microns；Pass through the precipitation of the microalloy elements such as Ti, Mo, Nb, V and rare earth
Anchoring inhibits crystal grain to grow up, further by crystallite dimension control under the conditions of superplasticity of ferrite and austenite to being no more than
2 microns, to give full play to the superplasticity ability of design steel.2, in superplastic deformation technique, mainly become at 550-1200 DEG C
Shape, crystallite dimension is in the range of 0.2-5 microns in superplastic deformation process, to guarantee the high temperature elongation percentage and deformation nothing of superelevation
Hole generates.3. superplasticity property and 700-1500MPa of the steel of the present invention with excellent 100-1500% surpass in performance
Room temperature tensile strength after plastic deformation.
The effect of each element of the present invention and proportion are according to as follows:
C: as main gap solution strengthening element, to during Superplastic Deformation ferrite and austenite content into
Row is adjusted, the intensity after guaranteeing superplastic duplex structure and forming.But consider welding requirements, C content, which should control, to be not more than
Within the scope of 0.49wt%.
Mn:Mn is austenite stabilizer element, and in the deformation process of high-temperature region, Mn guarantees high temperature austenite and duplex structure
Crystal grain it is tiny.Mn content should control within the scope of 2.50-13.00% thus.
Al: Al is the formation element for promoting high temperature austenite and ferrite dual phase tissue, adjustable heat in the present invention
The content of ferrite and austenite in deformed microstructure.Consider that Al is the element and resistance to surface oxidation member for reducing steel density simultaneously
Element can be greatly reduced the density of steel and improve the resistance to surface developmental capacity in superplastic deformation process.But excessively high Al content
To the material cost for being unfavorable for industrialized production and raising middle low carbon steel, therefore Al content should control the range in 0-12.0%
It is interior.
Si: Si is also that metastable austenite and ferrite dual phase is promoted to organize the formation of element, adjustable heat in the present invention
The content of ferrite and austenite in deformed microstructure.Si can improve the intensity of steel by solid solution simultaneously.It but is more than 3% Si
Content can bring the problem of smelting, continuous casting and hot rolling.Therefore Si content should control in the range of 0-3.0%.
Cr: promoting high temperature austenite and ferrite dual phase to organize the formation of element, the iron element in adjustable thermal deformation tissue
The content of body and austenite.The surface oxidation ability resistant to high temperatures of steel can be effectively improved simultaneously.But in view of low medium carbon steel at
This, Cr content is controlled in 0-3.0wt%.
Ni:Ni and Mn has same effect, under adjustable hot conditions austenite and ferritic volume fraction and
Crystal grain is inhibited to grow up, the toughness of material and components after can effectively improve superplasticforming.But the price of Ni metal is high,
Content should control below 3.0%.
Mo, Nb, Ti and V: it is the micro alloying element that strong carbide is formed, can inhibit during superplasticforming
Crystal grain is grown up.Meanwhile it adding these carbides and the anti-hydrogen embrittlement sensibility of material after superplasticforming can be improved
Energy.But consider cost, these constituent contents control within the scope of 0-0.2wt%.
The technical parameter of manufacturing process and control of the invention are as follows:
The production technology of steel of the present invention is the process for making such as smelting, casting, hot rolling, annealing and cold rolling, is controlled in technique
The technical parameter of system is as follows:
(1) smelting and solidification of steel: it is suitable for converter, electric furnace and induction furnace and smelts, using continuous casting slab or molding
Produce ingot casting.
(2) hot rolling of slab or ingot casting or hot continuous rolling or forging:
Hot continuous rolling plate: slab is heated through 1100-1250 DEG C, finish rolling after first roughing, after rolling within the scope of 300-700 DEG C
It carries out coiling into coil of strip, can get the superplasticity hot-strip of industrialization supply of material state.
(3) soft annealing and cold rolling
Steel after thermal deformation are carried out with soft annealing processing in the range of 550-850 DEG C to reduce steel plate hardness.It moves back
The different drafts cold rollings that 0-90% is carried out after fire can get the superplasticity cold rolling steel of industrialization supply of material state.
(4) the reverse transformation annealing of cold rolled sheet
Steel after cold-rolling deformation are made annealing treatment in the range of 550-750 DEG C to obtain the room temperature of 20-50%
High-ductility can get the cold rolled annealed steel of superplasticity of industrialization supply of material state.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be 5# sample superplastic tension sample before being deformed after change in size figure.
Fig. 2 is the superplastic tension curve graph of 6# steel.
Fig. 3 is the variation diagram of specimen size before and after 6# steel superplastic tension.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment:
The present embodiment is mainly for the steel for carrying out hot warm-rolling acquisition high-strength and high-plasticity after slab hot rolling, reverse transformation annealing
Plate.Test hot continuous rolling, reverse transformation annealing and the hot warm-rolling technique (the hot warm-rolling after annealing in part) of process simulation steel plate.But the technique
It is equally applicable to the production of profile and Bar Wire Product.
The smelting of steel:
Steel of the present invention pours the billet that ingot mould is 50kg by laboratory's vacuum induction furnace smelting.10 furnace steel are smelted altogether, wherein
Chemical component is shown in Table 1.Wherein 1-10 furnace steel is invention steel, and CP steel, DP steel and PH steel are then simulation conventional multiphase steel and are smelted
Low medium carbon steel compared steel.
The chemical component (wt%) of 1 invention steel of table and compared steel
It is as follows that steel preparation process flow of the present invention implements example:
Step 1: the smelting of steel
By laboratory's vacuum induction furnace smelting, the billet that ingot mould is 50kg is poured.
Step 2: the forging and hot rolling of steel:
The steel ingot of 1-10# steel keeps the temperature 5h by 1250 DEG C of heating, carries out hammer cogging.First forging temperature is 1200 DEG C, eventually
Forging temperature is 800 DEG C, air-cooled after forging.Finally it is forged into having a size of 30mm × 100mm × 150mm blank.By above-mentioned forging base
Material is heated through 1200 DEG C, and after keeping the temperature 5h, by test hot-rolling mill by 7 passes, final steel board finished product is with a thickness of 6mm.Rolling
Process simulation hot continuous rolling industrial processes obtain the superplasticity steel plate with rolled.
Step 3: the soft annealing of hot-rolled steel:
1-10# steel is made annealing treatment at 650 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 hours, to reduce hot rolled plate hardness just not higher than 350HB
In cold rolling.
Step 4: the cold rolling of steel:
The steel that step 3 is obtained carries out cold rolling, is rolled down to 70% deformation quantity.Obtain that there is the low middle carbon of superplastic cold rolling
Superplasticity steel.
Step 5: the reverse transformation annealing of cold-rolled steel:
The cold-rolled steel that step 4 is obtained obtains having low compared with the annealing cold rolling of high-ductility in 650 DEG C of progress reverse transformation annealing
Medium carbon steel obtains superplastic cold rolled annealed steel.
The measurement of step 6. superplasticity
Option A: it will be carried out under the steel plate experimental temperature shown in table 2 and rate of extension of the hot rolling 6mm thickness that step 2 obtains
Superplastic tension experiment, the drawing by high temperature elongation percentage for testing steel and compared steel are as shown in table 2.
2 option A hot rolled steel plate drawing by high temperature superplastic ability of table
It can be seen from Table 2 that invention steel has obtained the superplasticity of 170-392% after hot rolling, significantly larger than compare
The high-temp plastic of steel illustrates that invention steel has superplasticity after hot rolling.The result also teaches that existing CP steel, DP steel simultaneously
Do not have the superplasticity property of hot rolling supply of material state with industrialization middle low carbon steel iron products such as PH steel.
Option b: it will be stretched under step 4 obtains cold-rolled steel sheet experimental temperature shown in table 3 and rate of extension, obtain height
Elongation percentage under temperature stretches is as shown in table 3.
The steel plate drawing by high temperature superplastic ability that 3 option b cold rolling amount of table is 70%
It can be seen from Table 3 that invention steel has obtained the superplasticity of 350-1510% after hot rolling, significantly larger than compare
The high-temp plastic of steel illustrates that invention steel has superplasticity after cold rolling.The result also teaches that existing CP steel, DP steel simultaneously
Do not have the superplasticity property of cold rolling supply of material state with industrialization middle low carbon steel iron products such as PH steel.
Scheme C: it will be stretched under step 5 obtains cold-rolled steel sheet experimental temperature shown in table 4 and rate of extension, obtain height
Elongation percentage under temperature stretches is as shown in table 4.
The drawing by high temperature superplastic ability of 4 scheme C reverse transformation of table annealing plate
It can be seen from Table 4 that invention cold rolling state steel plate has obtained the super modeling of 159-812% after reverse transformation is annealed
Property, the significantly larger than high-temp plastic of compared steel illustrates that invention steel also has superplasticity after cold rolling and reverse transformation annealing.Simultaneously
The result also teaches that the industrialization middle low carbon steel iron product such as existing CP steel, DP steel and PH steel does not have cold rolled annealed supply of material state
Superplasticity property.
Fig. 1 gives after 5# steel cold rolling 70% 600-800 DEG C of superplastic temperature and deformation velocity 0.1-0.001/ seconds
Under the conditions of obtained superplastic tension assay maps.
Fig. 2 gives the superplastic tension curve of 6# steel cold rolling state plate.
Fig. 3 gives the variation of the superplastic tension front and back specimen size of 6# steel cold rolling state.
Claims (3)
1. low-alloy superplasticity steel in low-carbon in a kind of high strain rate, which is characterized in that chemical component weight percentage are as follows: C:
0.01-0.49%, Mn:2.5-13.0%, Al:2.5-12.0%, Si:0-3.0%, Cr:0-3.0%, Ni:0-3.0%, surplus
For Fe and inevitable impurity；
In the high strain rate in low-carbon low-alloy superplasticity steel preparation method, comprising the following steps:
Smelting, casting, hot rolling, annealing and cold rolling process for making, the technical parameter controlled in process are as follows:
(1) smelting and solidification of steel: it is suitable for converter, electric furnace and induction furnace and smelts, produced using continuous casting slab or molding
Ingot casting；
(2) hot rolling of slab or ingot casting or hot continuous rolling or forging；
Hot continuous rolling plate: slab is heated through 1100-1250 DEG C, finish rolling after first roughing carries out within the scope of 300-700 DEG C after rolling
Coil of strip is coiled into, the superplasticity hot-strip of industrialization supply of material state is obtained；
(3) soft annealing and cold rolling
Steel after thermal deformation are carried out with soft annealing processing in the range of 550-850 DEG C to reduce steel plate hardness；After annealing
The different drafts cold rollings of 0-90% are carried out, the superplasticity cold rolling steel of industrialization supply of material state are obtained；
(4) the reverse transformation annealing of cold rolled sheet
Steel after cold-rolling deformation are carried out with the room temperature high-ductility that annealing obtains 20-50% in the range of 550-750 DEG C,
Obtain the cold rolled annealed steel of superplasticity of industrialization supply of material state.
2. low-alloy superplasticity steel in low-carbon in high strain rate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that basic herein
On be separately subject to lower a kind of or multiple element: Mo:0-0.2%, Nb:0-0.20%, Ti:0-0.20%, V:0-0.20%, RE:0-
0.20%.
3. in a kind of high strain rate of any of claims 1 or 2 in low-carbon low-alloy superplasticity steel preparation method, feature
It is, technique includes smelting, casting, hot rolling, annealing and cold rolling process for making, and the technical parameter controlled in process is such as
Under:
(1) smelting and solidification of steel: it is suitable for converter, electric furnace and induction furnace and smelts, produced using continuous casting slab or molding
Ingot casting；
(2) hot rolling of slab or ingot casting or hot continuous rolling or forging；
Hot continuous rolling plate: slab is heated through 1100-1250 DEG C, finish rolling after first roughing carries out within the scope of 300-700 DEG C after rolling
Coil of strip is coiled into, the superplasticity hot-strip of industrialization supply of material state is obtained；
(3) soft annealing and cold rolling
Steel after thermal deformation are carried out with soft annealing processing in the range of 550-850 DEG C to reduce steel plate hardness；After annealing
The different drafts cold rollings of 0-90% are carried out, the superplasticity cold rolling steel of industrialization supply of material state are obtained；
(4) the reverse transformation annealing of cold rolled sheet
Steel after cold-rolling deformation are carried out with the room temperature high-ductility that annealing obtains 20-50% in the range of 550-750 DEG C,
Obtain the cold rolled annealed steel of superplasticity of industrialization supply of material state.
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| CN110284042B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2020-05-05 | 西安工业大学 | Superplastic high-entropy alloy, sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN113832320A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | Low-carbon low-alloy steel superplasticity material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102021472A (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2011-04-20 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method for continuous annealing process high strength and plasticity product automobile steel plate |
| CN103343281A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-10-09 | 钢铁研究总院 | Lamellar double-phase high-strength and high-toughness steel and preparation method thereof |
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| KR101020546B1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2011-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Ultra-high strength twip steel sheets and the method thereof |
| CN103556048B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method for two-phase automobile steel plate with low yield-strength ratio and high strength |
| CN104328360B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-02-22 | 北京科技大学 | Double-phase twinborn induced plastic super-strength automobile steel plate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102021472A (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2011-04-20 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method for continuous annealing process high strength and plasticity product automobile steel plate |
| CN103343281A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-10-09 | 钢铁研究总院 | Lamellar double-phase high-strength and high-toughness steel and preparation method thereof |
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