CN106087421A - 易去污整理剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
易去污整理剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106087421A CN106087421A CN201610444324.3A CN201610444324A CN106087421A CN 106087421 A CN106087421 A CN 106087421A CN 201610444324 A CN201610444324 A CN 201610444324A CN 106087421 A CN106087421 A CN 106087421A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种易去污整理剂,包括如下重量份的组分:丙烯酸酯类20~30份;含双键有机硅10~20份;活性有机酸5~10份;硅烷偶联剂1~3份;分散剂3~5份。经本申请制备的易去污整理剂可广泛适用于各个领域,成本低廉,具有较高的活性,去污效果极佳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品的后整理方法,特别涉及一种易去污整理剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
年轻父母们大多有这样的烦恼:每次给孩子洗衣服时,面对衣服上的油渍、污渍需要在油渍、污渍处放置更多的洗洁精等表面活性剂并加以小心翼翼的揉搓后,油渍、污渍才能被清洗干净,特殊情况下,仍能看到明显痕迹;家用擦拭厨具、餐桌的抹布,使用一段时间后,会出现抹布上的油腻感明显增加,需要经常更换,造成成本的浪费;在一些特殊领域,比如采油、钻井、炼油行业中,工人们的工装上不可避免地会蹭上大量的油渍,所以,研发出油渍容易被洗涤的易去污整理剂,成为现阶段学者们热衷研发的课题之一。
目前,现有专利中申请公布号为CN105603747A的中国专利公开了一种新型亲水易去污整理剂及其制备方法,采用丙烯酸酯类为基料,水溶性硅油、羧甲基纤维素和托玛琳粉等制备而成,经该去污整理剂处理后的织物易去污效果显著,但是,托玛琳粉大多是由矿石的碎料或者纤维电气石制备而成,大多具有较重的色泽,使该去污整理剂的使用具有局限性;浙江理工大学的吴颖喆研究了采用纤维素酶洗涤对提高涤棉织物易去污性的影响,研究表明经纤维素酶处理的工艺不会对织物的色泽造成影响,而且洗涤后的织物去污效果较佳,但是,纤维素酶需要从纤维素中提取,提取成本较高,洗涤次数越多,纤维素酶的使用量越大,造成的成本越高昂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种成本低廉、适用性广泛且去污效果佳的易去污整理剂。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种易去污整理剂,包括如下重量份的组分:
通过采用上述技术方案,丙烯酸酯类具有优良的耐候性、成膜性和粘结性,但其存在耐水性、透湿性及耐污性差等缺点;活性有机酸是一类具有活性和酸性的有机化合物,将丙烯酸酯类与活性有机酸混合,使丙烯酸酯类表面具有较高的活性,有助于与其他组分的继续反应;含双键有机硅具有较强的活性,与丙烯酸酯类发生化学反应,生成的聚合物主链中含有Si-O-Si键、Si-C键,Si-O键,它们的键能远大于C-O键的键能,具有高度的柔顺性、优异的耐高低温性能、耐候性、耐水性以及良好的透气性,大大提高了丙烯酸酯类的耐溶剂性、耐高低温性能、耐氧化降解性能,同时兼有纯丙稀酸酯的表面能低、憎水、抗污性以及电绝缘性和弹性等优良特性,有效地解决了丙烯酸酯涂膜的缺点和硅溶胶涂膜时存在的刚性强、光泽度低、易龟裂、低温干燥迅速等缺陷,二者可以达到性能上的优势互补;丙烯酸酯类、有机酸和含双键有机硅在分散剂、硅烷偶联剂的共同作用下生成的易去污整理剂为无色或者浅色透明状液体,可广泛适用于各个领域,所使用的原料价钱低廉,适用于大规模生产,而且制备的易去污整理剂涂覆在纺织品表面后,使纺织品表面具有较高的活性,去污效果极佳。
本发明进一步设置为:所述丙烯酸酯类选用丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯中的一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,丙烯酸甲酯为无色液体,溶于乙醇、***、丙酮及苯中,是一种挥发性的不饱和甲基酯,也是合成高分子聚合物的常用单体;丙烯酸乙酯为无色液体,易溶于乙醇、***中,易聚合,能够与其他单体共聚,是常用的高分子合成材料的单体,并用于制造涂料、粘合剂、皮革加工助剂、纺织助剂、油漆添加剂等;甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯为无色透明易流动液体,具有较高的活性,用于树脂及涂料的改性,可制得侧链含有活性羟基的丙烯酸树脂,纺织工业中用于制造织物的胶粘剂,采用丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或者甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯中的一种作为丙烯酸酯类的原料,都是常用的合成单体,具有来源广泛、成本低廉的特性,而且反应过程简单、快捷,效率高。
本发明进一步设置为:所述含双键有机硅选用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为无色透明液体,是通用型含双键有机硅,与丙烯酸单体共聚,形成的涂料具有优良的耐候性、耐灰尘及可擦洗等优点;乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为无色透明液体,可与多种单体进行共聚,制备的涂料具有优异的电性能,防湿热、防盐雾、防霉菌三防性能;γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷为无色透明液体,由于含有甲基丙烯酰氧基官能团,可广泛应用于不饱和树脂的改性和作为涂料使用,将其与其他单体共聚时,所制备的涂料具有较强的活性,浸渍于纺织品表面具有较容易擦洗的特性,同时,具有优异的耐候性、耐高低温性以及防尘、防灰的特性。
本发明进一步设置为:所述活性有机酸为苹果酸和咖啡酸的混合物,其中苹果酸在苹果酸和咖啡酸的混合物中的重量百分比为40~60%。
通过采用上述技术方案,苹果酸又名2-羟基丁二酸,具有优良的亲水性能,且丁二酸具有两个羧基,苹果酸具有多官能团,羟基和羧基,使其具有较高的活性;咖啡酸又名3,4-二羟基肉桂酸,多羟基使其具有较高的活性,咖啡酸具有羟基、苯基、双键等官能团,具有较高的活性,将苹果酸与咖啡酸共同作用时,会产生协同作用,将丙烯酸酯类与该混合有机酸进行共混时,有助于提高丙烯酸酯类物质的表面活性,更有利于与其他组分进行反应,而且,其中以苹果酸的重量百分比为40~60%的比例进行混合,使混合的有机酸的活性最佳。
本发明进一步设置为:所述硅烷偶联剂选用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷在γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中的重量百分比为40~60%。
通过采用上述技术方案,γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为无色透明液体,其内含有氨基和乙氧基,用来偶联有机高分子和无机填料,增强其粘结性,提高产品的机械、耐水、抗老化等性能,常用于纺织物助剂、绝缘材料、粘胶剂行业中;氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的氨基和甲氧基分别用来偶联有机高分子和无机填料,增强有机和无机填料的相容性,改善填料在聚合物中的润湿性和分散性,常用于纺织物助剂、绝缘材料、粘胶剂行业中,将γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷共同作用,二者会产生协同作用,使硅烷偶联剂的混合物具有的活性更大,有利于有机物和无机物更好地相容。
本发明进一步设置为:所述分散剂选用三乙基己基磷酸或者甲基戊醇。
通过采用上述技术方案,三乙基己基磷酸和甲基戊醇均是性能优异的分散剂,能够降低分散体系中固体或液体粒子聚集的物质,保持体系中的稳定性,三乙基己基磷酸或者甲基戊醇添加到反应体系内,使反应体系中的各组分能够更均匀地进行分散,有助于反应地更加充分、彻底。
本发明还公开了一种易去污整理剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)依次将丙烯酸酯类、活性有机酸添加到反应容器内,缓慢升高容器内的温度至60~70℃;
(2)将含双键有机硅添加到反应容器中进行反应,搅拌速度为100~120r/min;
(3)向反应容器内加入硅烷偶联剂;
(4)向反应容器内加入分散剂,加入速度为10~20ml/min,反应2~4h。
通过采用上述技术方案,将丙烯酸酯类采用活性有机酸进行活化处理,使丙烯酸酯类具有较大的活性,能够更容易地与含双键有机硅进行反应,并且缓慢加入分散剂和硅烷偶联剂,分散剂有助于更组分更均匀地融合,使反应体系均一、稳定,硅烷偶联剂能够促进丙烯酸酯类与含双键有机硅进行反应,从而保证反应进行的更加充分、彻底。
本发明还公开了一种易去污整理剂的应用,使用上述5~10%易去污整理剂以及0.3~1%渗透剂、1~3%柔软剂、1~3%平滑剂、其余为水,采用浸轧或浸渍整理工艺对纺织品进行整理。
通过采用上述技术方案,采用上述易去污整理剂与其他辅助助剂,渗透剂、柔软剂和平滑剂共同作用,采用浸轧或浸渍整理工艺对纺织品进行整理,取代了传统使用水、柔软剂和平滑剂的易去污整理剂的配方,本申请的易去污整理剂处理污渍更加高效、彻底,去污效果优异。
本发明进一步设置为:整理工艺参数:纺织品带液率为60~80%,110~120℃预烘120~180s,160~180℃焙烘60~100s。
通过采用上述技术方案,控制上述工艺参数,纺织品表面湿度适中,对上述易去污整理剂具有较强的附着力,使易去污整理剂及其辅助助剂较容易地附着在纺织品表面,同时,采用预烘和焙烘两步加热法,使纺织品表面具有灰尘不容易附着在其表面上,而且洗涤时表面的油渍、污渍可轻易地洗涤干净。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、采用苹果酸和咖啡酸的共混物对丙烯酸酯类进行活化处理,使丙烯酸酯类表面具有更大的活性,有利于丙烯酸酯类与含双键有机硅的反应,提高了产品的粘性,使该产品更容易附着在产品表面;
2、添加γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物到反应体系内,该混合物可与反应体系内剩余的丙烯酸酯类进行充分反应,显著地提高了产品的易去污整理性能;
3、经浸轧或浸渍整理工艺处理的纺织品表面以及经过预烘和焙烘两步加热处理后,可显著减少灰尘落在其表面上,提高了纺织品表面的耐菌性、耐脏性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
丙烯酸酯类原料购买自天津市金恒涂料有限公司;
含双键有机硅购买自南京经天纬化工有限公司;
硅烷偶联剂购买自南京经天纬化工有限公司;
咖啡酸购买自河南莱尔茵生物科技有限公司;
苹果酸购买自南通飞宇精细化学品有限公司。
实施例一:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入2份苹果酸、3份咖啡酸和20份丙烯酸甲酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至60℃,搅拌速度为70r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为100r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入0.5份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和0.5份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应2h。
实施例二:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入4份苹果酸、4份咖啡酸和25份丙烯酸乙酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至65℃,搅拌速度为75r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份丙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为110r/min,搅拌30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入0.6份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和0.9份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入4份甲基戊醇,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应3h。
实施例三:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入6份苹果酸、4份咖啡酸和30份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至70℃,搅拌速度为80r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入20份γ-甲基丙烯酞氧基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为120r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入1份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入5份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应4h。
实施例四:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入5份苹果酸、5份咖啡酸和25份甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至66℃,搅拌速度为72r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入16份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为115r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入1份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入4.5份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应3h。
实施例五:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入6份苹果酸、4份咖啡酸和25份丙烯酸乙酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至70℃,搅拌速度为77r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入18份γ-甲基丙烯酞氧基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为112r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入1份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1.5份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3.5份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应3.5h。
对比例一:
(1)向三口烧瓶中20份丙烯酸甲酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至60℃,搅拌速度为70r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为100r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入0.5份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和0.5份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应2h。
对比例二:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入5份苹果酸、20份丙烯酸甲酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至60℃,搅拌速度为70r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为100r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入0.5份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和0.5份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应2h。
对比例三:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入2份苹果酸、3份咖啡酸和20份丙烯酸甲酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至60℃,搅拌速度为70r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为100r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中加入0.5份γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和0.5份氨基三甲氧基硅烷;
(4)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应2h。
对比例四:
(1)向三口烧瓶中依次加入2份苹果酸、3份咖啡酸和20份丙烯酸甲酯,搅拌下经油浴加热至60℃,搅拌速度为70r/min;
(2)向三口烧瓶中加入10份乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌速度为100r/min,搅拌时间为30min;
(3)向三口烧瓶中缓慢加入3份三乙基己基磷酸,控制分液漏斗的流速为1份/min,反应2h。
检测方法:
(1)粘度:采用旋转粘度计对浸轧溶液进行检测;
(2)去污性:经浸轧处理后的纺织品经水溶液浸泡洗涤,观察不同时间条件下洗涤情况;
(3)耐菌性:采用VMS300A科研级三目连续变倍体视显微镜在不同的时间条件下对纺织品表面进行观察,放大倍数为500倍。
浸轧溶液的粘度检测结果如下表所示
样品 | 粘度(mpa·s) |
实施例一 | 78 |
实施例二 | 81 |
实施例三 | 82 |
实施例四 | 80 |
实施例五 | 79 |
对比例一 | 20 |
对比例二 | 32 |
对比例三 | 27 |
由上表可知,相比于对比例而言,实施例的浸轧溶液的粘度约为80mpa·s,粘度大大提高,可使易去污整理剂较容易地附着在纺织品的表面上。
去污性的检测结果如下表所示
由上表可知,实施例处理过的纺织品在浸泡1h,其上附着的油渍即可明显消失,而对比例中的油渍则不容易被洗涤干净。
耐菌性的检测结果如下表所示
由上表可知,经实施例处理过的纺织品表面具有优异的耐菌性、耐脏性,未添加硅烷偶联剂的对比例的纺织品表面容易粘附细菌,纺织品表面极易变脏。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1.一种易去污整理剂,其特征在于包括如下重量份的组分:
丙烯酸酯类 20~30份
含双键有机硅 10~20份
活性有机酸 5~10份
硅烷偶联剂 1~3份
分散剂 3~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的易去污整理剂,其特征在于:所述丙烯酸酯类选用丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的易去污整理剂,其特征在于:所述含双键有机硅选用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的易去污整理剂,其特征在于:所述活性有机酸为苹果酸和咖啡酸的混合物,其中苹果酸在苹果酸和咖啡酸的混合物中的重量百分比为40~60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的易去污整理剂,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂选用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷在γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷和氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中的重量百分比为40~60%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的易去污整理剂,其特征在于:所述分散剂选用三乙基己基磷酸或者甲基戊醇。
7.如权利要求1~6任意一项所述的易去污整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)依次将丙烯酸酯类、活性有机酸添加到反应容器内,缓慢升高容器内的温度至60~70℃;
(2)将含双键有机硅添加到反应容器中进行反应,搅拌速度为100~120r/min;
(3)向反应容器内加入硅烷偶联剂;
(4)向反应容器内加入分散剂,加入速度为10~20ml/min,反应2~4h。
8.如权利要求1~6任意一项所述的易去污整理剂的应用,其特征在于:使用上述5~10%易去污整理剂以及0.3~1%渗透剂、1~3%柔软剂、1~3%平滑剂、其余为水,采用浸轧或浸渍整理工艺对纺织品进行整理。
9.根据权利要求8所述的易去污整理剂的应用,其特征在于:整理工艺参数:纺织品带液率为60~80%,110~120℃预烘120~180s,160~180℃焙烘60~100s。
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