CN106050175A - 废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术 - Google Patents
废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
一种新型钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，根据胶体化学聚沉与固废物絮凝两大机理，通过向废弃泥浆中依次投加聚胶剂、酸化剂、无极助凝剂以及脱色剂，分步搅拌处理，最后利用机械分离方式实现泥水分离效果。该方法工艺简单、操作安全、成本低、重复性好、适宜工业化应用，该方法得到的固体泥密度大，质地硬，分散性能好，在板框制模中有较好的应用价值，同时也可以应用于制作观赏性陶瓷工艺品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废弃钻井泥浆的处理技术，尤其涉及一种废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术。
背景技术
废弃钻井泥浆是油气田作业中三大污染源之一。随着石油资源的勘探开发，给人们带来宝贵资源的同时也带来了较大的环境隐患。如果将这些废弃物随意堆放，不加处理，将导致对土壤，地表和地下水受到污染，严重时，甚至对周围的植被、牲畜、人造成严重威胁。因此，废弃钻井泥浆进行有效处理越来越引起国内外学者的广泛关注。
目前国际上公认的废弃钻井泥浆处理方法共分为七种：化学固化法、化学固液分离法、MTC转化技术、土地耕作法、干燥焚烧处理、生物处理、坑内填埋或回注等。迄今，化学固液分离法研究的较多，通过向泥浆中加入絮凝剂、破胶剂来实现固液分离。
化学固液分离技术，在整个泥浆处理作业中，不仅实现废弃钻井泥浆排放的减量化，提高液相的资源化利用，而且处理工艺简单易行，节约处理时间。
随着国内外对于环境保护力度的不断加强，对于钻井废弃物的排放要求也越来越严格。化学固液分离的作业***无需特殊作业条件，在泥浆离开钻井后可以立即引入作业***，节省作业占地面积，实现随钻不落地效果，在源头上阻止了有害物质对土地资源，水力资源，以及周围植被，牲畜及人的危害。
CN1887752A公开了一种油田废弃泥浆污油泥资源化处理的方法。该处理方法包括废弃泥浆污泥冲洗脱屑，稀释吸附、破胶脱稳除油、固结及固液分离、滤饼中和反洗脱盐、滤液中和氧化过滤再处理、泥饼固化利用。可以彻底解决钻井生产过程中产生的废弃物和采油注水***产生的污油泥的污染问题和废物综合利用问题，变废为宝，可获得较大的经济效益。
CN101302067A公开了一种水基体系钻井废泥浆固液分离液无害化处理工艺方法，主要包括以下工艺步骤：待处理的水基体系钻井废泥浆固液分离液用工业酸将其pH值调节至不大于5，pH值调节后加入fenton试剂进行氧化处理，氧化反应后加入中和剂将pH值调节至7-8，进行中和反应，中和反应后经过滤除去滤渣送入微生物反应器，用取自活性污泥经培养、驯化、筛选后的微生物进行生物降解处理。水基体系钻井废泥浆固液分离液经本发明处理后，排出水流的各项检测指标均不超标，完全达到了中国政府制定的污水综合排放标准，且处理成本低，处理效率高。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术不足，提供废弃一种钻井泥浆随钻不落地处理技术，有效解决了处理费用高，作业条件要求高，及环境污染的问题。
本发明的技术是通过以下方式实现的：
A.充分搅拌泥浆，使其固-液两相分散均匀，便于后续操作。
B.在泥浆中搅拌加入聚胶剂，例如聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、磺甲基化聚丙烯酰、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素(钠)等，调节泥浆胶体化程度，由流体态转化为冻状凝胶态。
C.静置1-5min，强化泥浆胶态性能。
D.加入酸化剂，例如硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、磺酸、苯甲酸等，酸化处理，快速搅拌至均匀破胶，无大块片状交替存在。
E.加入无机助凝剂，例如氯化铝、氯化铁、硫酸铝、硫酸铁、氢氧化钙、氯化钙、聚合氯化铝、聚合氯化铁、羟基聚合铝、聚合硫酸铝、聚合硫酸铁等，絮凝小颗粒悬浮物并调节絮体颗粒的大小，缓慢匀速搅拌。
F.加入脱色剂，例如聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯醇、脲醛缩合物、十二烷基磺酸钠等，有效降低液相色度。缓慢匀速搅拌至所有絮体抱团。
G.机械分离固-液两相，分离方式：一，离心分离；二，板框压滤分离。离心分离速度为2000-3000r/min，时间为5-10min；板框压滤的时间为30-45min。
H.称量出水量，计算分离后泥浆固相含量。
本发明用一种较经济的胶体化学技术对废弃钻井泥浆随钻不落地处理，使废弃泥浆达到了排放标准。处理后的废弃物经一段时间后，表面覆盖一层种植土，或与种植土以一定比例混合，能满足植物生长的要求。较好地解决了废弃泥浆处理费用高，作业条件严苛，环境污染等问题。
附图说明
图1为实施废弃泥浆随钻不落地处理技术流程图；
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述，但本发明不受实施例的限制。
实施例1.
以固含量为44.5％油田废钻井水基泥浆为例。取1000mL泥浆，以200r/min的搅拌速度搅拌20min，随后依次加入浓度为3％的聚丙烯酰胺70g、适量的酸化剂硫酸、无机助凝剂浓度为3％的氯化铝10g和浓度为2％的十二烷基磺酸钠1g，充分搅拌至所有絮体抱团，以速度为2000-3000r/min的离心机对絮体进行离心分离，离心时间为5-10min。固液分离后泥饼的固含量为85.2％。
实施例2.
以固含量为24.6％油田废钻井水基泥浆为例。取1000mL泥浆，以200r/min的搅拌速度搅拌20min；随后依次加入浓度为5％的聚丙烯酰胺45g、适量的酸化剂乙酸、无机助凝剂浓度为2％的氯化钙15g和2％的聚氧化乙烯1g，充分搅拌至所有絮体抱团，以板框压滤方式机械分离，分离时间为35min。固液分离后泥饼的固含量为91.3％。
Claims (7)
1.废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其处理过程包括下列步骤：
(1)废弃泥浆不落地处理前对泥浆进行预处理，即充分搅拌均匀。
(2)加入聚胶剂，调节泥浆胶体化程度，由流体态转化为冻状凝胶态。
(3)静置1-5min，强化泥浆胶态性能。
(4)加入酸化剂，酸化处理，快速搅拌至均匀破胶，无大块片状交替存在。
(4)加入无机助凝剂，絮凝小颗粒悬浮物并调节絮体颗粒的大小，缓慢匀速搅拌。
(5)加入二次絮凝剂，有效降低液相色度。缓慢匀速搅拌至所有絮体抱团。
(6)机械分离固-液两相，分离方式：一，离心分离；二，板框压滤分离。
(7)称量出水量，计算分离后泥浆固相含量。
2.按权利要求1所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中泥浆预处理时间不低于20min，搅拌速度不低于200r/min。
3.按权利要求2所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中聚胶剂每处理一立方废弃泥浆的投加量为3-5kg，液体溶液投加，溶液浓度为3-7％。
4.按权利要求3所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中所用的酸化破胶剂每处理一立方废弃泥浆的投加量为10-15kg，液体溶液投加，溶液浓度为30-70％。
5.按权利要求4所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中所用无机助凝剂每处理一立方废弃泥浆的投加量为1-2kg，液体溶液投加，溶液浓度为2-5％。
6.按权利要求5所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其特征在于：所述步骤(5)中所用二次絮凝剂每处理一立方废弃泥浆的投加量为0.1-0.2kg，液体溶液投加，溶液浓度为2-5％。
7.按权利要求6所述废弃钻井泥浆不落地处理技术，其处理过程：所述步骤(6)中必须先进行隔离已分离液相后再进行机械脱水，以保证整个过程脱水率即处理后泥浆的固含量。离心分离速度为2000-3000r/min，时间为5-10min；板框压滤时间为30-45min。
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