CN105846009B - 包括壳体、电池单池和冷却装置的电池模块以及用于冷却电池单池的方法 - Google Patents
包括壳体、电池单池和冷却装置的电池模块以及用于冷却电池单池的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电池模块(1;1′),其包括壳体(2)、至少一个位于所述壳体(2)中的电池单池(3)、至少一个冷却装置(4)、至少一个用于导入液态的冷却流体(6)的进入口(5)和用于导出所述冷却流体(6)的排出口(7),其特征在于,所述冷却流体(6)是电绝缘体;并且本发明还涉及一种方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池模块和一种用于冷却至少一个布置在壳体中的电池单池的方法。
背景技术
可以预见的是,不仅在固定式应用、例如风力发电机中,而且在移动式应用、例如电动车辆(electric vehicles,EV)、混合动力车辆(hybrid electric vehicles,HEV)或插电式混合动力车辆(plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,PHEV)中,作为可再充的电能存储器(EES,electro-chemical storage system,ESS),新型的、例如带有锂离子蓄电池的电池***或者说电池模块会被越来越多地使用。
电池***包括多个电池单池、例如具有电极线圈(电池单池线圈、单池线圈、JerryRoll、JR)的、柱体的或棱柱体的电池单池。所述电池单池能够串联(串接)以便提高电压,并且/或者并联以便提高最大电流和容量。由此能够将所述电池单池结合成电池模块或者说电池单元。在用于驱动车辆时,能够例如将大约100个电池单池(作为牵引电池)串联或者说并联起来。
电池单池在运行期间会发热,这在温度剧变的情况下会导致对于运行的损害或者说干扰。因此,冷却是必需的。
在现有技术中,布置在壳体中的电池单池利用循环的空气作为冷却剂进行冷却。所述电池单池形成通道结构,所述通道结构被冷却剂穿流。
WO 2009/106393公开了一种用于冷却电池模块的装置和方法,在所述电池模块中,空气作为冷却剂穿流所述电池模块。
但是现有技术中的这些装置具有下述缺点:电池必须相互电绝缘,这导致成本提高。
为了提高电池模块的经济性并且简化其制造,需要提供改进的电池模块,所述电池模块更可靠并且除此之外能够成本更低廉地来制造。
发明内容
根据本发明的的装置和方法有下述优点:由于冷却流体的电绝缘特性,不再需要电池单池相互间电绝缘。同样也不那么需要电池单池与冷却流体电绝缘。
电池模块中的电池单池构造成通道结构,冷却流体能够穿流所述通道结构。其中,电池单池的电触通件与冷却流体接触。优选构造成圆形的电池下述述方式进行布置:所述电池构造出长的通道,所述通道由电池单池的外部几何结构和其在电池模块内部的布置方式产生。这些通道有助于冷却流体的最佳穿流并且通过电池单池的外部形状形成。另一方面,电池单池本身则布置在栅格内部,所述栅格在电池单池的两个端部处固定所述电池单池。
在电池模块的运行期间,所述冷却流体穿流所述通道。所述冷却流体穿过所述通道流动并且到达电池单池,其中所述电池单池的电连接处能够与冷却流体直接接触。
本发明的有利的实施方案在优选实施例中得到描述。
在一种优选的实施方式中,冷却流体具有50至300 kV/mm的介电强度或者说击穿强度。这种数量级的介电强度保证了位于电池模块中的电池单池相互之间充分电绝缘。
有利的是,电池模块具有用于冷却所述冷却流体的外部装置。这具有下述优点:能够按照需要来增多或者说减少冷却。由此能够实现电池模块的、很大程度上不依赖于外部条件、例如空间中的温度的运行。
有利的是,电池模块所包括的冷却装置是冷却片。冷却片由于其相对大的表面而具有非常有效的散热性。
有利的是,冷却流体以逆流方向穿流电池模块的壳体。电池单池在电池模块的壳体内部以下述方式进行布置:冷却流体以逆流原则穿流每层。这确保了:尽可能大的数量的电池单池被新鲜的、也就是冷却的冷却流体所达到,并且变热的冷却流体尽可能快地通过排出阀离开所述壳体,而不会将其热量传递到其他电池单池上。
有利的是,电池模块的电池单池串联或并联。如果电池模块中大于一层的电池单池布置在其他层上,则其中一层中的冷却流体的流动方向相对于位于其上的那层中的冷却流体的流动方向呈反方向。
有利的是,冷却流体包含至少99.5%的甲氧基九氟丁烷和最高1.0 ppm的非挥发性的剩余物。这样的冷却流体例如是3M Novec 7100DL工程流体。所述流体具有250的分子量、61℃的沸点和-135℃的凝固点。液体密度是1.52g/ml,表面张力是13.6 dynes/cm。水中的溶解性为12 ppmw,水在该冷却剂中的溶解性为95 ppmw。蒸汽压力为200 mmHg。如果没有其他说明,所有的值都与25℃的温度有关。
有利的是,在此冷却流体通过用于冷却的外部装置进行冷却。
有利的是,冷却流体在导入壳体之前通过外部的冷却装置进行冷却。
有利的是,冷却流体包含至少99.5%的甲氧基九氟丁烷和最高1.0 ppm的非挥发性的剩余物。
本发明的其他特征和优点对于本领域专业技术人员来说参照附图由下面对于示例的、但并不作为限定本发明来解释的实施方式的说明可以清楚地得到。
附图说明
图1示出了包括壳体2的电池模块1;
图2示出了另一电池模块1'。
具体实施方式
图1示出了包括壳体2的电池模块1。该壳体包括多个电池单池3。此外,该电池模块具有至少一个用于导入液态的冷却流体6的进入口或进入阀5以及至少一个用于导出冷却流体6的排出口或排出阀7。此外,该电池模块还包括冷却装置4、例如热交换器和/或循环装置10、例如泵。在图1中,冷却流体经由进入阀5流入到电池模块中并且随后以逆流方向穿流由若干单个电池单池形成的通道。该装置此外还具有用于冷却所述冷却流体6的外部装置8。
图2示出了另一电池模块1'。如在图1中那样,液态的冷却流体从用于冷却所述冷却流体的装置8中通过进入阀5流入到电池模块1'中并且通过排出阀7离开该电池模块1'。这些电池单池3分层布置,其中该冷却流体在由电池单池形成的层之间以逆流方向穿流。该电池模块1'额外具有放气阀9。如果在功能故障的情况下在电池单池3中出现温度升高并且冷却流体在达到沸点时开始蒸发,由此产生的压力上升则通过放气阀9来平衡。
最后要注意的是,像“包括”和“具有”或诸如此类的词语一样的用语并不排除能够设置其他元件或者步骤。所应用的数量仅仅是示例的,即多个能够包括二个、四个、五个、六个或者更多的元件或步骤。此外要指明的是,像“一个”这样的冠词并不排除多个。此外还要注意的是,像“第一”、“第二”等等这样的数词或者说序数词仅用于区分元件和步骤,而在此并不用于确定或者说限定元件的布置顺序或者步骤的实施顺序。此外,关于不同的实施方式所描述的特征能够任意相互组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种电池模块(1;1'),其包括壳体(2)、至少一个位于所述壳体(2)中的电池单池(3)、至少一个冷却装置(4)、至少一个用于导入液态的冷却流体(6)的进入口(5)和用于导出所述冷却流体(6)的排出口(7),其中所述冷却流体(6)是电绝缘体,
其特征在于,
所述电池单池(3)以大于一层来布置,并且
所述冷却流体(6)在由电池单池形成的层之间以逆流方向穿流由单个电池单池形成的通道,以使得所述冷却流体(6)以逆流原则穿流每层,其中一个通道中的冷却流体的流动方向相对于相邻通道中的冷却流体的流动方向呈反方向。
2.按照权利要求1所述的电池模块(1;1'),其中:
-所述冷却流体(6)具有50-300 kV/mm的介电强度。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的电池模块(1;1'),其中:
-所述电池模块(1;1')具有用于冷却所述冷却流体(6)的外部装置(8)。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的电池模块(1;1'),其中:
-所述冷却装置(4)是冷却片。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的电池模块(1;1'),其包括至少两个电池单池(3),其中:
-所述电池单池(3)串联或并联。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的电池模块(1;1'),其中:
-所述冷却流体包含至少99.5%的甲氧基九氟丁烷和最高1.0 ppm的非挥发性的剩余物。
7.一种用于冷却至少一个布置在壳体(2)中的电池单池(3)的方法,包括:
-将液态的冷却流体(6)导入到所述壳体(2)中,
-利用所述冷却流体(6)冷却所述至少一个电池单池(3),
-将所述冷却流体(6)从所述壳体中导出,
其中所述冷却流体是电绝缘体,
其特征在于,
所述电池单池(3)以大于一层来布置,并且
所述冷却流体(6)在由电池单池形成的层之间以逆流方向穿流由单个电池单池形成的通道,以使得所述冷却流体(6)以逆流原则穿流每层,其中一个通道中的冷却流体的流动方向相对于相邻通道中的冷却流体的流动方向呈反方向。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其中:
-所述冷却流体(6)通过用于冷却的外部装置(8)进行冷却。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中:
-所述冷却流体(6)在导入所述壳体(2)之前通过外部的装置(8)进行冷却。
10.按照权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中:
-所述冷却流体包含至少99.5%的甲氧基九氟丁烷和最高1.0 ppm的非挥发性的剩余物。
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DE102017210185A1 (de) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kühlsystem mit einer Mehrzahl an zu kühlenden Elementen |
FR3075471B1 (fr) | 2017-12-14 | 2019-11-08 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de regulation de temperature d'une batterie a l'aide d'un fluide dielectrique et pack-batterie comprenant un tel dispositif |
DE202018102692U1 (de) | 2018-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | Hofer Mechatronik Gmbh | Traktionsakkumulator, insbesondere mit kontaktgekühlten elektrochemischen Zellen wie Einzelzellen oder Kleinstzellen |
GB2577259B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2023-02-01 | Mclaren Automotive Ltd | Battery module coolant channels |
GB202007693D0 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-07-08 | Edge Mobility Ltd | Battery packs and vehicles having them, methods of colling battery packs, and methods of making battery packs |
US20230207926A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2023-06-29 | Edge Mobility Ltd | Battery pack |
WO2022217106A1 (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | Brunswick Corporation | Marine battery safety system and method |
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