CN105762946A - 一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的无线充电方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的无线充电方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于射频收发测试和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电方法。该方法利用互易原理,使外部充电设备发射的各充电信号到达内嵌可充电电池时同相叠加,以实现在未知的复杂非均匀传播环境中任意给定区域的无线近场聚焦,提高无线充电的传输效率。本发明所提供的基于射频收发测试和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电技术对于处于不同传播条件、不同环境媒质,以及待充电装置可能发生的随机位移,均可自动实现外部***辐射的各无线充电信号在内嵌待充电电池处的同相叠加和精确聚焦,以实现能量的高效传输。本方法具有环境自适应能力强,能量传输效率高,传输稳定,对人体辐射较小,无须待充电设备位置的精确信息等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无线充电技术领域,特别是复杂的多径传播环境中基于互易关系的聚焦式无线充电技术。
背景技术
现实生活中有多种类型的电子设备(如各类传感器或无线网络节点)由于预先植入人体(包括固定式的如心脏起搏器和动态的如胶囊式内窥镜),或架设在无供电条件或无法企及的复杂环境中,甚至被周围植被环境所掩盖而无法确定其准确的安装位置,或因安装的隐秘性要求不能人工更换电池等,均需定期或连续进行无线充电。而在无线充电技术中,要保证待充电电池能够有效接收电磁能量,无线充电设备所发射的无线电波在待充电电池所在区域必须有足够的强度。但若无线充电设备发射非聚焦的无线电波,则会有很大部分的电磁波能量并没有被待充电电池所接收,成为无效辐射,不仅导致能量浪费,还对人体和周围环境造成电磁污染。因此,无线充电技术所追求的目标是充电设备发射的无线电波在待充电设备附近的区域实现良好的电磁功率聚焦。
但是作为无线充电设备的电磁发射装置,定点聚焦式多天线***在设计时存在以下严峻的挑战:
1.复杂甚至未知和时变的非均匀传播环境中定点电磁聚焦的困难。通常,充电设备与待充电电池之间有极为复杂甚至未知和时变的非均匀传播环境,导致充电设备所发射的电磁波功率分布极不合理,其大部分成为无效功率且导致电磁污染。若要预先掌握实际的非均匀传播环境再有针对性地开展电磁聚焦设计则极不现实,这是因为传播介质的随机性(如人的高矮胖瘦)和时变特性(如)以及的复杂多径传播效应难以预测更难以精确把握。例如,传播环境中茂盛的植被,其非均匀性具有随机和时变的特征。又如,对植入体内的电子设备(如心脏起搏器和胶囊式内窥镜)进行无线充电,则因人体内部的复杂非均匀性,人的高矮胖瘦、呼吸习惯及呼吸时的胸部起伏、胶囊内窥镜在消化道中的移动,导致电磁传播环境呈现显著的复杂非均匀性和随机、时变特性。
2.待充电电池难于发现和难以精准定位,导致实时确定聚焦区域的困难。在很多无线充电应用中,待充电电池的位置是难于发现和精准定位,甚至是无规律变化的,因此也就无法确定电磁聚焦区域。例如,隐秘安装、植入式安装、伪装式安装、井下、水下、地下安装、被植被遮挡,不断移动中的装置,等等。
反观现有的无线充电技术,包括近场耦合充电技术和电磁传播充电技术,要么根本未考虑电磁聚焦,要么基于预设的简化传播模型尝试聚焦,均不具备现实性和实用性;更不可能在尚不掌握待充电电池准确位置和当前的非均匀传播条件时实现准确的电磁聚焦。
作为现有技术的典型代表,AdaS.Y.Poon发表在《IEEE-电路与***》杂志的“用于生物电子学中的中场无线能量传输”(MidfieldWirelessPowerTransferforBioelectronics)中,公开了一种新型无线传能***。该设计虽然可以通过调整单元馈电的相位来改变能量传输方向,但并不能准确指向体内植入电子器件所在位置,导致能量传输效率的下降,而高强度的未被接收天线获取的电磁功率污染另外,大部分会被身体组织吸收,使局部组织温度升高,甚至可能危及人体安全与健康。
因此,该***在对体内植入器件无线传能的应用技术还有待改进。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足,本发明提出了一种基于射频收发测试和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电方法和***,可在未知和随机、时变的复杂非均匀传播环境中精确定位待充电装置,并实现电磁功率的定向传输和在给定区域的聚焦,具有能量传输效率高,传输稳定,对人体辐射小,对外界电磁干扰不敏感等特点。
基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电技术原理,其特征是:通过内嵌***的充电电池发射同频信号,使得外部充电器的多天线***都能自动接收到其传播相位延迟数据;根据互易原理,充电器的多天线***发射同频信号时,基于原来获取的相位延迟数据实现同等大小的相位超前;这样,充电信号到达体内无线充电电池时,各天线的场分量即可同相叠加,从而实现场的聚焦;当不需无线传能和无线充电时,内嵌***保持与其功能相关的正常工作,而与无线收、发和充电相关的装置处于休眠状态。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
基于外部充电器多天线***接收到到的来自内嵌充电电池发射同频信号的传播相位延迟数据,外部***(20)向同频的内嵌***(10)发射无线充电信号,通过发射时的相位补偿,在内嵌***(10)的接收天线(13)处形成聚焦电磁场,以实现对内嵌***(10)可充电电池(11)的高效率充电。该方法的具体步骤包括:
步骤1:外部***(20)对内嵌***(10)发射一个唤醒信号,使内嵌***处于待充电状态;
步骤2:内嵌***(10)发射一给定频率的测试信号;外部***(20)接收该测试信号,并依据外部***(20)所具备的同频基准信号的参考相位测得各单元天线所接收信号的相对相位延迟数据;
步骤3:将外部***转换为馈电状态,根据步骤2外部***各天线单元所接收到的测试信号相位数据设置自身的馈电信号初相位,即将所获取的相位延迟数据转换为同等大小的相位超前,使外部***(20)的各天线单元发射的同频信号到达内嵌***(10)的接收天线(13)时,各个信号实现同相叠加;
步骤4:外部***(20)对其发射多天线(24)按步骤3所述的相位配置进行馈电,各天线单元发射的信号传播到内嵌***的接收天线(13)处实现同相叠加和场的聚焦,就实现了对内嵌***(10)的高效无线充电;
步骤5:充电完成后,内嵌***(10)发射确认信号,外部***(20)接收到确认信号后停止馈电。
其中步骤2-4可根据需要多次进行。
为了描述方便,我们首先对所用术语作如下定义。
同频信号:指步骤2中内嵌***(10)发射的给定频率的测试信号与步骤4中外部***发射多天线(24)所发射的充电信号是同频率的信号。
功率源:指产生给定电磁频率的功率信号源装置,它向外部***发射天线供给功率电磁信号,其间的馈电可通过同轴电缆、平行双线或微带线等实现;
相位控制装置:指能将功率电磁发射信号的相位调整到与参考信号有固定相位差的装置,该装置具有任意调节功率电磁发射信号相位差的功能;
信号源:由直流电源供电的能产生给定频率、给定波形周期信号的装置。
一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电装置,该装置包括:内嵌***(10)和外部***(20),
其中内嵌***(10)包括:可充电电池(11)、信号源(12)、接收天线(13)、发射天线(14);外部***包括:功率源(21)、接收天线(23)、发射天线(24);其特征在于所述外部***中还包括相位控制装置(22),并且所述收、发天线采用多天线的收、发***。
进一步的,所述内嵌***(10)中还包括接收/发射控制机,并且收接收天线(13)和发射天线(14)可合二为一,使用同一天线;所述外部***(20)中也包括:接收/发射控制机,并且接收多天线***(23)和发射多天线***(24)可合二为一,使用同一多天线***。
进一步的,所述接收、发射多天线***中的各天线单元采用微带贴片天线,微带缝隙天线、振子天线、螺旋天线或介质谐振天线。
进一步的,所述外部***(20)的接收、发射多天线***(23、24)可以采用一维线形天线阵列、二维的平面天线阵列、曲面天线阵列或与需要向其内部无线传能的载体共形的共形天线阵列。
本发明具有以下有益效果
1.辐射的电磁能量聚焦(相对集中)在待充电装置处,能量传输效率高。
2.无须事先获取内部待充电装置的准确位置信息;只要唤醒信号波束覆盖到该装置,将其唤醒并发射测试信号,就能自动定位和聚焦待充电装置,并定向对其传输电磁能量。
3.适用于任意安装位置(或移动中的当前位置)、任意复杂的电磁传播环境;只要待充电***未被金属壳体完全屏蔽,本***均能将电磁能量自动聚焦到待充电电池。
4.电磁场强及电磁功率密度在待充电电池以外的传播区域相对较小,对环境及人体影响也较小。
5.***控制电路简单,仅需锁定相位。
6.天线单元选择灵活,可以采用有成熟技术的单元形式。
7.多天线***分布排列灵活,易小型化,低剖面,易于与内嵌待充电***的载体共形。
8.无需特殊材料,也无须特别的加工工艺,易于制造,成本低廉。
9.实现手段灵活,可操作性强,易于掌握和实施。
附图说明
图1是本发明的***框图,分内嵌***(10)和外部***(20),内嵌***(10)包括可充电电池(11),信号源(12),接收天线(13)和发射天线(14),外部***(20)包括功率源(21),相位控制装置(22),接收多天线***(23)和发射多天线***(24)。
图2是实施例中发射多天线***(24)采用的天线单元,为圆形微带贴片天线,从上到下分别是俯视图,主视图和侧视图。
图3是实施例采用的发射多天线***(24)。
在图2图3中,(30)是介质基片,(31)是圆形贴片,(32)是给贴片天线馈电的同轴线,(33)是微带天线地。
图4是实施例采用的发射多天线***(24)向胸腔中的接收天线无线传能的模型。
图5是实施例中发射天线***(24)采用等相位馈电和所述相位补偿方法馈电时电磁场平均能量密度随接收天线(13)与发射多天线***(24)距离的变化曲线图。
图6是实施例中接收天线(13)发生偏移,有无精确定位时电磁场平均能量密度随接收天线(13)与发射多天线***(24)距离的变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
实施例:多天线***向胸腔中的天线单元无线传能
以下参照附图,对本发明做进一步详细说明,应当理解本发明实施例以及实施例中的具体特征是对本发明技术方案的详细的说明,而不是对本发明技术方案的限定,在不冲突的情况下,本发明实施例以及实施例中的技术特征可以相互组合。
为了方便说明,本实施例中将接收天线(13)和发射天线(14)合二为一,统一使用接收天线13;将接收多天线***(23)和发射多天线***(24)合二为一,统一使用接收天线(24)。
采用如图3所示的多天线***搭建如图4所示无线传能***,将发射多天线***(24)放置在组织上方10mm处,采用多层有耗媒质模拟胸部组织,其中(41)为心脏模拟层,厚40mm,(42)为骨骼模拟层,厚16mm,(43)为肌肉模拟层,厚10mm,(44)为脂肪模拟层,厚10mm,(45)为皮肤模拟层,厚2mm,(46)为空气层,厚10mm,(24)为图3所示发射多天线***,(13)为植入体内的接收天线,此处使用阵子天线,距离多天线***50mm,(22)为相位控制装置,(21)为功率源。
首先由植入体内的接收天线(13)发射信号,由发射多天线***(24)接收信号并送入相位控制装置(22),相位控制装置(22)获取多天线***中各个单元获取信号的相对相位信息。
然后功率源(21)开始馈电,相位控制装置(22)将传来信号的相位分别锁定为之前从天线单元中获取信号的相位的相反值,再送到发射多天线***(24)发射,开始无线能量传输。
由图5可以看出,采用本发明所述相位补偿方法馈电后,在传输方向上电磁能量密度相比传统同相馈电有了明显的提高,在距发射多天线***50mm处有超过20dB的提高。
为了说明接收天线(13)的位置偏移对能量传输的影响,绘制出了平均电磁能量密度随接收天线(13)与发射多天线***(24)距离变化的曲线图,如图6所示。图中有三根曲线,分别为:初始状态,即上述第一种情况;接收天线(13)发生位置偏移,但发射多天线***(24)发射的信号没有修正,即未精确定位并聚焦于接收天线(13);及接收天线(13)发生位置偏移,采用本发明的方法精确定位聚焦后进行能量传输。从图中可以看出当接收天线(13)发生位置偏移后,在距离发射多天线***(24)为50mm的位置,平均电磁能量密度下降了15dB以上,而采用本发明的方法进行跟踪后,能够达到初始状态,即接收天线(13)未偏移时几乎相同的能量密度,证明了本发明方法的有效性。
以上,向熟悉本技术领域的人员提供本发明的描述以使他们易于理解与运用本发明。对应熟悉本技术领域的人员,对这些实施例的各种变更是显而易见的,而无需创造性的劳动。因此,本发明并不仅限定在这里所述的方法和装置,而是与所述的权利要求一致的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电方法,该方法具体步骤包括:
步骤1:外部***(20)对内嵌***(10)发射一个唤醒信号,使内嵌***处于待充电状态;
步骤2:内嵌***(10)发射一给定频率的测试信号;外部***(20)接收该测试信号,并依据外部***(20)所具备的同频基准信号的参考相位测得各单元天线所接收信号的相对相位延迟数据;
步骤3:将外部***转换为馈电状态,根据步骤2外部***各天线单元所接收到的测试信号相位数据设置自身的馈电信号初相位,即将所获取的相位延迟数据转换为同等大小的相位超前,使外部***(20)的各天线单元发射的同频信号到达内嵌***(10)的接收天线(13)时,各个信号实现同相叠加;
步骤4:外部***(20)对其发射多天线(24)按步骤3所述的相位配置进行馈电,各天线单元发射的信号传播到内嵌***的接收天线(13)处实现同相叠加和场的聚焦,实现对内嵌***(10)的高效无线充电;
步骤5:充电完成后,内嵌***(10)发射确认信号,外部***(20)接收到确认信号后停止充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电方法,其特征在于所述步骤2-4可根据需要多次进行。
3.一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电装置,该装置包括:内嵌***(10)和外部***(20),其中内嵌***(10)包括:可充电电池(11)、信号源(12)、接收天线(13)、发射天线(14);外部***包括:功率源(21)、接收天线(23)、发射天线(24);其特征在于所述外部***中还包括相位控制装置(22),并且所述收、发天线采用多天线的收、发***。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电装置,其特征在于所述内嵌***(10)中还包括接收/发射控制机,并且收接收天线(13)和发射天线(14)可合二为一,使用同一天线;所述外部***(20)中也包括:接收/发射控制机,并且接收多天线***(23)和发射多天线***(24)可合二为一,使用同一多天线***。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电装置,其特征在于所述接收、发射多天线***中的各天线单元采用微带贴片天线,微带缝隙天线、振子天线、螺旋天线或介质谐振天线。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种基于射频接收和相位补偿转发的聚焦式无线充电装置,其特征在于所述外部***(20)的接收、发射多天线***(23、24)可以采用一维线形天线阵列,二维的平面天线阵列,曲面天线阵列,或与需要向其内部无线传能的载体共形的共形天线阵列。
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