CN105745105B - 自动变速器 - Google Patents
自动变速器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105745105B CN105745105B CN201480063330.3A CN201480063330A CN105745105B CN 105745105 B CN105745105 B CN 105745105B CN 201480063330 A CN201480063330 A CN 201480063330A CN 105745105 B CN105745105 B CN 105745105B
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- clutch
- grade
- gear
- brake
- speed change
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
- F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
- F16H3/663—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with conveying rotary motion between axially spaced orbital gears, e.g. RAVIGNEAUX
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
- F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/50—Signals to an engine or motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
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- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
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- B60Y2400/72—Continous variable transmissions [CVT]
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
- F16H2061/6602—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with at least two dynamo-electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the transmission device, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
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Abstract
一种变速器,其具有可与发动机(5)连接的输入轴(1)、输出齿轮(2)、变速器箱(3)、拉维略型行星齿轮组(4)。将拉维略型行星齿轮组(4)的四个旋转元件在共同速度线图上依次设为单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮(Ss)、行星架(C)、齿圈(R)、双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮(Sd)。将单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮(Ss)总是与电动机/发电机(6)连接并且将齿圈(R)总是与输出齿轮(2)连接。而且,使用低档&后退离合器(L&R/C)、高档离合器(H/C)、低档制动器(L/B),使第一变速级(lst)、第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级(eCVT)成立。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于混合动力车辆且具有将发动机和电动机/发电机连接的行星齿轮组的自动变速器。
背景技术
目前,已知有具有将辅助用电动机与发动机机械地连接且将有级变速器与辅助用电动机连接的驱动系构造的混合动力车辆(例如,参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:(日本)特开2003-146115号公报
但是,在目前的混合动力车辆中,构成为从驱动系的上游侧依次机械地连接有发动机、辅助用电动机及有级变速器的驱动系构造。因此,能够通过基于辅助用电动机的辅助扭矩的改变来控制发动机的负荷,但不能够控制发动机的转速,具有发动机动作点的自由度小的问题。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述问题而设立的,其目的在于提供一种自动变速器,通过利用电动机/发电机来控制发动机的负荷及转速,能够增大发动机动作点的自由度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的自动变速器具有可与发动机连接的输入部件、输出部件、静止部、具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组。在该自动变速器中,将所述行星齿轮组的四个旋转元件在共同速度线图上依次设为第一元件、第二元件、第三元件、第四元件。将所述第一元件总是与电动机/发电机连接,并且通过第一离合器的卡合可将所述第一元件与所述输入部件连接。通过第二离合器的卡合可将所述第二元件与所述输入部件连接。将所述第三元件总是与输出部件连接。通过第一制动器的卡合可将所述第四元件固定在所述静止部。通过将所述第一离合器和所述第一制动器卡合而使第一变速级成立。通过将所述第一制动器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第一变速级小的第二变速级成立。通过将所述第一离合器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第二变速级小的第三变速级成立。通过将所述第二离合器卡合且改变所述电动机/发电机的转速而使可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级成立。
因此,不仅第一变速级~第三变速级的有级变速级成立,而且无级变速级也成立。
在选择该无级变速级时,通过将第二离合器卡合而将行星齿轮组的第二元件和发动机连接。因此,若对总是与行星齿轮组的第一元件连接的电动机/发电机的发电量进行控制,则电动机/发电机成为行星齿轮组的第一元件的可变负荷,与第二元件连接的发动机的转速(=输入转速)根据负荷收敛的程度而被无级地改变。即,能够将输入与输出的转速比率即变速比无级地改变。同时,通过改变电动机/发电机的发电量(再生扭矩),能够由电动机/发电机来控制发动机转速和发动机负荷(=发电负荷)。其结果,通过由电动机/电动机来控制发动机的负荷及转速,能够增大发动机动作点的自由度。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例1的自动变速器的示意图;
图2是表示在实施例1的自动变速器中,通过将基于五个卡合元件的同步卡合和基于一个摩擦元件的摩擦卡合组合而实现前进4速和后退1速的有级变速级和无级变速级的卡合动作状态的卡合动作表图;
图3是表示EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图4是表示EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图5是表示第一变速级(lst)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图6是表示第一变速级(lst)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图7是表示第二变速级(2nd)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图8是表示第二变速级(2nd)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图9是表示第三变速级(3rd)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图10是表示第三变速级(3rd)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图11是表示无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图12是表示无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图13是表示第四变速级(4th)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图14是表示第四变速级(4th)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图;
图15是表示后退变速级(Rev)的扭矩流程的示意图;
图16是表示后退变速级(Rev)的四个旋转元件的转速关系的共同速度线图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图所示的实施例1对实现本发明的自动变速器的优选方式进行说明。
实施例1
首先说明构成。
将在混合动力车辆上搭载的实施例1的自动变速器中的构成分为“整体构成”、“在各变速级的卡合动作构成”进行说明。
[整体构成]
图1是表示实施例1的自动变速器的示意图。以下,基于图1对实施例1的自动变速器的整体构成进行说明。
如图1所示,实施例1的自动变速器具有输入轴l(输入部件)、输出齿轮2(输出部件)、变速器箱3(静止部)、拉维略型行星齿轮组4(具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组)。作为卡合/释放元件,具有输入离合器CLl、低档&后退离合器L&R/C(第一离合器)、高档离合器H/C(第二离合器)、低档制动器L/B(第一制动器)、高档制动器H/B(第二制动器)、后退制动器Rev/B(第三制动器)。
所述输入轴1经由输入离合器CLl可与发动机5连接。在此,其他的卡合/释放元件为在旋转同步状态下啮合卡合(以下称为“同步卡合”)的爪形离合器,而输入离合器CLl使用通过按压摩擦面而摩擦卡合的摩擦离合器。
所述输出齿轮2与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R啮合,将其旋转驱动力向图外的驱动轮传递。
所述变速器箱3是收纳拉维略型行星齿轮组4和卡合/释放元件的壳体,在低档制动器L/B、高档制动器H/B、后退制动器Rev/B的同步卡合时作为静止部而固定。
所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4是具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组,由单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss(第一太阳齿轮)、双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd(第二太阳齿轮)、短小齿轮Ps(第一小齿轮)、长小齿轮PL(第二小齿轮)、齿圈R、行星架C构成。单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和齿圈R分别与长小齿轮PL啮合。双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd与短小齿轮Ps啮合。短小齿轮Ps和长小齿轮PL相互啮合,并且通过共同的行星架C被旋转自如地支承。
所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的四个旋转元件在共同速度线图上依次作为单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss(第一元件)、行星架C(第二元件)、齿圈R(第三元件)、双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd(第四元件)。以下,基于图1对第一元件(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)、第二元件(行星架C)、第三元件(齿圈R)及第四元件(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)的各连接构成进行说明。
所述单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss经由连接齿轮7等总是与电动机/发电机6连接。而且,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的同步卡合可与输入轴1连接。另外,通过高档制动器H/B的同步卡合可固定在变速器箱3上。
所述行星架C通过高档离合器H/C的同步卡合可与输入轴1连接。而且,通过后退制动器Rev/B的同步卡合可固定在变速器箱3上。
所述齿圈R总是与输出齿轮2连接。
所述双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd通过低档制动器L/B的同步卡合可固定在变速器箱3上。
接着,基于图1说明实施例1的自动变速器的布局构成。
所述输入轴l配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的内周。
所述高档离合器H/C和后退制动器Rev/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向一侧(发动机5侧)。更详细地,配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4与输入离合器CLl之间的位置。
所述低档制动器L/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧。
所述低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档制动器H/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧、且比低档制动器L/B更远离拉维略型行星齿轮组4的一侧。
所述电动机/发电机6配置在低档制动器L/B与高档制动器H/B之间的位置。该电动机/发电机6经由在单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的内周侧且通过与输入轴1的外周侧之间的连接构件8相对于单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss总是连接。
所述高档离合器H/C及后退制动器Rev/B作为可将高档离合器H/C及后退制动器Rev/B选择性地同步卡合的一对爪形离合器而构成。即,通过使共同的耦合套筒9从空档位置向图1的右方滑动移动而将高档离合器H/C同步卡合。另外,通过使共同的耦合套筒9从空档位置向图1的左方滑动移动而将后退制动器Rev/B同步卡合。
所述低档&后退离合器L&R/C及高档制动器H/B作为可将低档&后退离合器L&R/C及高档制动器H/B选择性地卡合的一对爪形离合器而构成。即,通过使共同的耦合套筒10从空档位置向图1的左方滑动移动而将低档&后退离合器L&R/C同步卡合。另外,通过使共同的耦合套筒10从空档位置向图1的右方滑动移动而将高档制动器H/B同步卡合。
另外,低档制动器L/B构成为单独的爪形离合器,通过使耦合套筒11从空档位置向图1的右方滑动移动而同步卡合。
[在各变速级的卡合动作构成]
图2表示在实施例1的自动变速器中,通过基于五个卡合元件的同步卡合和基于一个摩擦元件的摩擦卡合的组合而实现前进4速和后退1速的有级变速级和无级变速级的卡合动作表。以下,基于图2说明各变速级的卡合动作构成。
首先,实施例l的自动变速器可切换EV起步模式和无级变速模式。而且,作为变速级,具有EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)、第一变速级(1st)、第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)、第四变速级(4th)、后退变速级(Rev)。
所述EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)通过将低档制动器L/B同步卡合而成立。在此,“EV起步模式”是指将低档制动器L/B同步卡合而仅由电动机/发电机6的驱动力可行进的模式。另外,在EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)中,准备向第一变速级(1st)过渡,预先将低档&后退离合器L&R/C同步卡合。
所述第一变速级(1st)通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和低档制动器L/B同步卡合且将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合而成立。即,第一变速级(lst)通过将发动机5和电动机/发电机6相加的驱动力而可行进,在该方面与EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)不同。
所述第二变速级(2nd)通过将低档制动器L/B和高档离合器H/C同步卡合且将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合而成立。将发动机转速设为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的输入转速的第二变速级(2nd)的变速比比第一变速级(1st)的变速比小。
所述第三变速级(3rd)通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档离合器H/C同步卡合而成立。在具有发动机驱动请求时,将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合。将电动机转速或发动机转速设为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的输入转速的第三变速级(3rd)的变速比为1,比第二变速级(2nd)的变速比小。
所述无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)通过将高档离合器H/C同步卡合且将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合而成立。该“无级变速模式”是指控制电动机/发电机6的发电量而可无级地改变变速比且通过发动机5的驱动力而行进且可对未图示的蓄电池充电的模式。即,若进行电动机/发电机6的发电量控制,则相对于连接电动机/发电机6的拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss赋予可变负荷。
由此,发动机5受到的负荷改变,可得到将发动机转速设为输入转速的变速比被无级地改变的无级变速级(eCVT)。
所述第四变速级(4th)通过将高档离合器H/C和高档制动器H/B同步卡合且将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合而成立。将发动机转速设为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的输入转速的第四变速级(4th)的变速比比第三变速级(3rd)的变速比小(超速驱动变速级)。
所述后退变速级(Rev)通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和后退制动器Rev/B同步卡合而成立。在具有发动机驱动请求时,将输入离合器CLl摩擦卡合。后退变速级(Rev)将电动机转速或发动机转速设为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的输入转速,相对于上述前进变速级而使输出齿轮2的旋转方向反转。
接着,说明作用。
将实施例1的自动变速器的作用分为“在各变速级的变速作用”、“对应于本发明各方面的作用”进行说明。
[在各变速级的变速作用]
(EV起步模式下的第一变速级)
基于图3及图4对EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)的变速作用进行说明。在EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)中,通过将低档制动器L/B卡合而将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd固定在变速器箱3上。在该状态下,来自电动机/发电机6的旋转驱动力经由连接齿轮7及连接构件8而向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss输入(图3的箭头标记)。
根据向该单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的电动机输入转速、和双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd的壳体固定,描绘图4所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R可得到将向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的电动机输入转速减速的第一变速级(elst)的变速比。
因此,在自停车的车辆起步时,通过将低档制动器L/B卡合而仅由电动机/发电机6的驱动力可起步行进的EV起步模式,能够确保安静性并响应良好地起步。
另外,在从EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡时,在低档制动器L/B的释放和高档离合器H/C的卡合这样的离合器切换控制的基础上,通过在发动机起动后将输入离合器CLl联接,能够从第一变速级(elst)向无级变速级(eCVT)切换过渡。
(第一变速级)
基于图5及图6对第一变速级(1st)下的变速作用进行说明。
在第一变速级(1st)中,通过将低档制动器L/B卡合而将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd固定在变速器箱3上。
另外,通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和输入离合器CLl卡合,发动机5与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss连接。在该状态下来自发动机5的旋转驱动力经由输入离合器CL1→输入轴1→低档&后退离合器L&R/C→连接构件8而向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss输入。在选择辅助行进模式时,扭矩控制下的自电动机/发电机6的驱动力经由连接齿轮7及连接构件8而向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss输入(图5的箭头标记)。
根据向该单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的发动机输入转速(=电动机输入转速)、和双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd的壳体固定,描绘图6所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R可得到将向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的发动机输入转速(=电动机输入转速)减速的第一变速级(1st)下的变速比。
因此,在从EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)向第一变速级(1st)过渡时,在EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)预先将低档&后退离合器L&R/C卡合。因此,在将发动机5起动之后,仅将输入离合器CLl联接即可由仅基于电动机驱动力的第一变速级(elst)响应良好地向在电动机驱动力上加上发动机驱动力的第一变速级(1st)过渡。
另外,在行进中,在从第二变速级(2nd)向第一变速级(1st)减速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的卡合和高档离合器H/C的释放这样的离合器切换控制,能够向第一变速级(1st)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同控制电动机的扭矩,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,在维持着第一变速级(1st)的状态下的行进中,能够选择辅助行进模式(电动机动力运行:图5)、发动机行进模式(电动机负荷为零)、发动机发电行进模式(发电机再生)中的任一模式而行进。即,通过选择行进模式来控制发动机负荷。
(第二变速级)
基于图7及图8对第二变速级(2nd)下的变速作用进行说明。
在第二变速级(2nd)下,通过将低档制动器L/B卡合而将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd固定在变速器箱3上。另外,通过将高档离合器H/C和输入离合器CLl卡合,将发动机5与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的行星架C连接。而且,来自发动机5的旋转驱动力经由输入离合器CLl及高档离合器H/C而向行星架C输入(图7的箭头标记)。
根据向该行星架C的发动机输入转速、双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd的壳体固定,描绘图8所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R得到将向行星架C的发动机输入转速减速的第二变速级(2nd)下的变速比。另外,第二变速级(2nd)下的变速比成为比第一变速级(1st)下的变速比小的变速比(高档变速比侧)。
因此,在行进中,从第一变速级(1st)向第二变速级(2nd)加速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的释放和高档离合器H/C的卡合这样的离合器切换控制,能够向第二变速级(2nd)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同来控制电动机的扭矩,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,在行进中,从第三变速级(3rd)向第二变速级(2nd)减速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的释放和低档制动器L/B的卡合这样的离合器切换控制,能够向第二变速级(2nd)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同对电动机的扭矩进行控制,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,在维持着第二变速级(2nd)的状态下的行进中,能够选择辅助行进模式(电动机动力运行)、发动机行进模式(电动机负荷为零:图7)、发动机发电行进模式(发电机再生)中的任一模式而行进。即,通过选择行进模式,能够对发动机5由电动机/发电机6受到的发动机负荷进行控制。另外,在第二变速级(2nd),如图8所示,与单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss连接的电动机/发电机6的转速比向行星架C的发动机输入转速快。
(第三变速级)
基于图9及图10对第三变速级(3rd)下的变速作用进行说明。在第三变速级(3rd),通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档离合器H/C卡合,将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和行星架C连接。即,成为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的四个旋转元件一体旋转的状态。因此,在选择EV模式时,将来自电动机/发电机6的旋转驱动力向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和行星架C输入。另外,在HEV模式时,在将发动机5起动之后,通过将输入离合器CLl卡合而将来自发动机5和电动机/发电机6的旋转驱动力向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和行星架C输入(图9)。
通过该单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和行星架C的连接,描绘图10所示那样的四个旋转元件的转速相同的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R可得到单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss与向行星架C的输入转速的变速比=1的第三变速级(3rd)。
因此,在行进中,从第二变速级(2nd)向第三变速级(3rd)加速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的卡合和低档制动器L/B的释放这样的离合器切换控制,能够向第三变速级(3rd)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同来控制电动机的扭矩,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,在行进中,从第四变速级(4th)向第三变速级(3rd)减速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的卡合和高档制动器H/B的释放这样的离合器切换控制,能够向第三变速级(3rd)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同控制电动机的扭矩,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,通过输入离合器CLl的释放/卡合能够选择仅将电动机/发电机6作为驱动源的EV模式3速、和将发动机5和电动机/发电机6作为驱动源的HEV模式3速(图9)。因此,在第一变速级(1st)及第三变速级(3rd)两级可进行EV行进,以分别适于起步时及高速行进时的变速比可进行EV行进,并且可进行耗电良好的EV行进。
而且,在维持着第三变速级(3rd)的HEV模式行进中,能够选择辅助行进模式(电动机动力运行)、发动机行进模式(电动机负荷为零)、发动机发电行进模式(发电机再生)中的任一模式而行进。即,能够通过选择行进模式来控制发动机负荷。
(无级变速模式下的无级变速级)
基于图11及图12对无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)的变速作用进行说明。
在无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)中,通过将高档离合器H/C和输入离合器CLl卡合,将发动机5与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的行星架C连接。在该状态下,来自发动机5的旋转驱动力经由输入离合器CLl及高档离合器H/C被向行星架C输入(图11的箭头标记)。而且,若进行电动机/发电机6的发电量控制,则相对于连接电动机/发电机6的拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss赋予可变负荷(发电量越大,负荷收敛的程度越大)。
通过向该行星架C的发动机输入转速、向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的可变负荷,描绘图12所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R可得到在从将向行星架C的发动机输入转速减速后的变速比到将向行星架C的发动机输入转速增速的变速比为止的变速比范围可改变变速比的无级变速比。例如,在输出转速(车速)一定时,发电负荷越大,电动机/发电机6的转速越低,可得到增速侧的变速比。另一方面,在输出转速(车速)一定时,发电负荷越小,电动机/发电机6的转速越上升,可得到减速侧的变速比。即,在无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT),通过进行电动机/发电机6的发电量控制可得到无级变速比。
因此,若选择无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT),通过控制电动机/发电机6的发电量,能够无级地改变变速比,并且可通过发动机5的驱动力而行进同时向图外的蓄电池进行充电。
另外,在第二变速级(2nd)下的行进中向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡时,将低档制动器L/B释放。在第三变速级(3rd)下的行进中向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡时,将低档&后退离合器L&R/C释放。在第四变速级(4th)下的行进中向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡时,将高档制动器H/C释放。即,在第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、第四变速级(4th)的任一变速级下的行进中向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡时,通过将一个卡合元件释放,能够响应良好地向无级变速级(eCVT)过渡。另外,在无级变速级(eCVT)下的行进中,在向第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、第四变速级(4th)的任一变速级过渡时,通过在卡合的卡合元件的转速同步的状态下将卡合元件卡合,能够响应良好地向第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、第四变速级(4th)的任一变速级过渡。
(第四变速级)
基于图13及图14对第四变速级(4th)下的变速作用进行说明。在第四变速级(4th),通过将高档制动器H/B卡合,将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss和电动机/发电机6固定在变速器箱3上。而且,通过将高档离合器H/C和输入离合器CLl卡合,发动机5与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的行星架C连接。在该状态下,来自发动机5的旋转驱动力经由输入离合器CLl及高档离合器H/C向行星架C输入(图13的箭头标记)。
通过向该行星架C的发动机输入转速、单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的壳体固定,描绘图14所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R得到将向行星架C的发动机输入转速增速的第四变速级(4th)下的超速驱动变速比。
因此,在行进中,从第三变速级(3rd)向第四变速级(4th)增速时,通过低档&后退离合器L&R/C的释放和高档制动器H/B的卡合这样的离合器切换控制能够向第四变速级(4th)过渡。另外,通过与该离合器切换控制一同来控制电动机的扭矩,即使是爪形离合器也能够无扭矩中断地进行顺畅的变速。
另外,在行进中,从无级变速级(eCVT)向第四变速级(4th)过渡时,通过将高档制动器H/B卡合,能够向第四变速级(4th)过渡。
(后退变速级)
基于图15及图16对所述后退变速级(Rev)下的变速作用进行说明。
在后退变速级(Rev),通过将后退制动器Rev/B卡合,将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的行星架C固定在变速器箱3上。而且,通过将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和输入离合器CLl卡合,发动机5和电动机/发电机6与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss连接。在该状态来自发动机5的旋转驱动力经由输入离合器CL1→输入轴1→低档&后退离合器L&R/C→连接构件8而向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss输入。来自电动机/发电机6的驱动力经由连接齿轮7及连接构件8而向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss输入(图15的箭头标记)。
通过向该单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的发动机输入转速(=电动机输入转速)、和行星架C的壳体固定,描绘图16所示那样的共同速度线图。因此,由拉维略型行星齿轮组4的齿圈R可得到将向单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的发动机输入转速(=电动机输入转速)反转后的后退变速级(Rev)下的变速比。
因此,在后退变速级(Rev),能够使用发动机5和电动机/发电机6的至少一方进行后退行进。
另外,仅将后退制动器Rev/B卡合,能够形成为基于电动机/发电机6的旋转驱动力的EV后退模式。在选择了该EV后退模式的情况下,与图15所示的HEV后退模式不同,无需将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和输入离合器CLl卡合。
而且,在维持着后退变速级(Rev)的HEV模式后退中,能够选择辅助后退模式(电动机动力运行)、发动机后退模式(电动机负荷为零)、发动机发电后退模式(发电机再生)中的任一模式而后退。即,能够通过选择后退模式来控制发动机负荷。
[对应于本发明各方面的作用]
实施例1的自动变速器如上所述地,能够得到各有级变速级(elst、1st、2nd、3rd、4th、Rev)和无级变速级(eCVT)。以下,对与反映实施例1的自动变速器的特征的本发明各方面对应的作用进行说明。
在实施例1中,通过使用具有四个旋转元件的拉维略型行星齿轮组4、两个离合器(L&R/C、H/C)和一个制动器(L/B),使第一变速级(1st)、第二变速级(2nd)、第三变速级(3rd)、无级变速级(eCVT)17成立。
通过该构成,在选择无级变速级(eCVT)时,通过将高档离合器H/C卡合而将拉维略型行星齿轮组4的行星架C和发动机5连接。因此,若对总是与拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss连接的电动机/发电机6的发电量进行控制,则电动机/发电机6成为拉维略型行星齿轮组4的单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss的可变负荷,与行星架C连接的发动机5的转速(=输入转速)根据负荷收敛的程度而被无级地改变。即,能够将输入与输出的转速比率即变速比无级地改变。与此同时,通过改变电动机/发电机6的发电量(再生扭矩),能够由电动机/发电机6控制发动机转速和发动机负荷(=发电负荷)。
例如,在要发动机5受到的发电负荷保持在规定负荷以下时,设定将发动机发电负荷保持在规定负荷以下的目标再生扭矩,进行使电动机/发电机6的再生扭矩与目标再生扭矩一致的扭矩控制。另外,在要将发动机5的转速保持为省燃耗速度时,设定将发动机转速保持在省燃料速度的目标电动机转速,进行使电动机/发电机6的转速与目标电动机转速一致的转速控制。将某一发动机动作点作为目标的情况下,通过由电动机/发电机6的发电量控制实现的无级变速的自由度而被允许。其结果,通过由电动机/发电机6控制发动机5的负荷及转速,能够增大发动机动作点的自由度。
在实施例1中,通过追加高档制动器H/B,将高档离合器H/C和高档制动器H/B卡合,使用了来自发动机5的旋转驱动力的第四变速级(4th)成立。
通过该构成,在高速行进时设为第四变速级(4th)的话,发动机5的转速在发动机效率高的转速区域推移。因此,在高速行进时,不使用电动机/发电机6可进行仅基于在发动机效率高的转速区域旋转的发动机5的行进。
在实施例1中,通过追加后退制动器Rev/B且将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和后退制动器Rev/B卡合,使后退变速级(Rev)成立。通过该构成,即使是蓄电池残余量少且仅使用电动机/发电机6不能行进的情况下,也能够通过仅发动机5的旋转驱动力而后退行进。
在实施例1中,将具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组设为拉维略型行星齿轮组4,将输入轴1配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的内周,将高档离合器H/C和后退制动器Rev/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向一侧。而且,低档制动器L/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧,将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档制动器H/B配置在拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧、且比低档制动器L/B更远离拉维略型行星齿轮组4侧。而且,将电动机/发电机6配置在低档制动器L/B与高档制动器H/B之间的位置。
通过该布局构成,拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向尺寸与使用了两个行星齿轮组的情况相比被缩短。而且,多个卡合/释放元件夹着拉维略型行星齿轮组4而分为轴向的一侧和另一侧而配置,将多个卡合/释放元件的轴向尺寸缩短。另外,通过将电动机/发电机6配置在多个卡合/释放元件的间隙位置,能够将电动机/发电机6设定在变速器箱3上。
因此,能够设为将轴向尺寸缩短的紧凑的自动变速器。
在实施例1中,将高档离合器H/C和后退制动器Rev/B构成为可选择地同步卡合的一对爪形离合器,将低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档制动器H/B构成为可选择地同步卡合的一对爪形离合器。
即,由图2可知,高档离合器H/C和后退制动器Rev/B是在一个变速级不同时卡合的卡合/释放元件。对于低档&后退离合器L&R/C和高档制动器H/B,由图2可知,也是在一个变速级不同时卡合的卡合/释放元件。
因此,通过将不同时卡合的卡合/释放元件邻接配置,能够形成为将轴向尺寸进一步缩短的紧凑的自动变速器。而且,通过共用耦合套筒9、10及变速促动器,能够实现零件数量的削减。
在实施例1中,形成为可切换EV起步模式和无级变速模式的自动变速器,将EV起步模式下的第一变速级(elst)设为将低档制动器L/B卡合且仅由电动机/发电机6的驱动力可行进的模式。将无级变速模式下的无级变速级(eCVT)设为仅将高档离合器H/C卡合且控制电动机/发电机6的发电量而可无级地改变变速比且由发动机5的驱动力行进且可对蓄电池充电的模式。即,在EV起步模式中,可仅由电动机/发电机6进行EV行进。另外,在无级变速模式中,在发动机效率高的动作点可进行HEV行进及向蓄电池的充电。
因此,能够得到抑制了燃料消耗量的省燃耗的自动变速器。
接着,说明效果。
在实施例1的自动变速器中,可得到以下列举的效果。
(1)自动变速器具有可与发动机5连接的输入部件(输入轴l)、输出部件(输出齿轮2)、静止部(变速器箱3)、具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组(拉维略型行星齿轮组4),其中,
将所述行星齿轮组(拉维略型行星齿轮组4)的四个旋转元件在共同速度线图上依次设为第一元件(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)、第二元件(行星架C)、第三元件(齿圈R)、第四元件(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd),
将所述第一元件(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)总是与电动机/发电机6连接,并且通过第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)的卡合而可与所述输入部件(输入轴1)连接,
通过第二离合器(高档离合器L/C)的卡合可将所述第二元件(行星架C)与所述输入部件(输入轴1)连接,
将所述第三元件(齿圈R)总是与输出部件(输出齿轮2)连接,
通过第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)的卡合可将所述第四元件(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3),
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)卡合而使第一变速级(1st)成立,
通过将所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)和所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合而使变速比比所述第一变速级(1st)小的第二变速级(2nd)成立,
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合而使变速比比所述第二变速级(2nd)小的第三变速级(3rd)成立,
通过将所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合且改变所述电动机/发电机6的转速而使可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级(eCVT)成立(图1)。
因此,通过由电动机/发电机6控制发动机5的负荷及转速,能够增大发动机动作点的自由度。
(2)通过第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)的卡合,可将所述第一元件(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3),并且通过将所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)和所述第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)卡合,使变速比比所述第三变速级(3rd)小的第四变速级(4th)成立(图13、图14)。
因此,在(1)的效果的基础上,在高速行进时,不使用电动机/发电机6就能够进行仅基于在发动机效率高的转速区域旋转的发动机5的行进。
(3)通过第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)的卡合,可将所述第二元件(行星架C)固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3),
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)卡合而使后退变速级(Rev)成立(图15、图16)。
因此,在(1)或(2)的效果的基础上,即使在蓄电池剩余量少且仅使用电动机/发电机6不能够行进的情况下,也能够通过仅发动机5的旋转驱动力而进行后退行进。
(4)自动变速器具有可与发动机5连接的输入部件(输入轴1)、输出部件(输出齿轮2)、静止部(变速器箱3)、由第一太阳齿轮(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)、第二太阳齿轮(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)、与该第二太阳齿轮(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)啮合的第一小齿轮(短小齿轮Ps)、与该第一小齿轮(短小齿轮Ps)及所述第一太阳齿轮(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)啮合的第二小齿轮(长小齿轮PL)、支承所述第一小齿轮(短小齿轮Ps)及第二小齿轮(长小齿轮PL)使其旋转自如的行星架C、与所述第二小齿轮(长小齿轮PL)啮合的齿圈R构成的拉维略型行星齿轮组4,
将所述第一太阳齿轮(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)总是与电动机/发电机6连接,并且通过第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)的卡合可将所述第一太阳齿轮与所述输入部件(输入轴1)连接,通过第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)的卡合可将所述第一太阳齿轮固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3)上,
通过第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)的卡合可将所述行星架C与所述输入部件(输入轴1)连接,并且通过第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)的卡合可将所述行星架C固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3),
将所述齿圈R总是与输出部件(输出齿轮2)连接,
通过第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)的卡合可将所述第二太阳齿轮(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)固定在所述静止部(变速器箱3),
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)卡合而使第一变速级(1st)成立,
通过将所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)和所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合而使变速比比所述第一变速级(1st)小的第二变速级(2nd)成立,
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合而使变速比比所述第二变速级(2nd)小的第三变速级(3rd)成立,
通过将所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)和所述第二制动器(高档制动器H/a)卡合而使变速比比所述第三变速级(3rd)小的第四变速级(4th)成立,
通过将所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)卡合而使后退变速级(Rev)成立,
通过将所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合且改变所述电动机/发电机6的转速而使可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级(eCVT)成立,其中,
所述输入部件(输入轴1)配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的内周,
所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)和所述第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向一侧,
所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧,
所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)和所述第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的轴向另一侧且比所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)更远离所述拉维略型行星齿轮组4的一侧,
所述电动机/发电机6通过所述第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)与所述第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)之间、及在所述第二太阳齿轮(双小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Sd)的内周侧且与所述输入部件的外周侧之间而总是与所述第一太阳齿轮(单小齿轮侧太阳齿轮Ss)连接(图1)。
因此,在(1)、(2)、(3)的效果的基础上,能够形成为将轴向尺寸缩短的紧凑的自动变速器。
(5)所述第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)及所述第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)构成为可选择地与将该第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)及第三制动器(后退制动器Rev/B)卡合的一对爪形离合器,
所述第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)及所述第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)构成为可选择地将该第一离合器(低档&后退离合器L&R/C)及第二制动器(高档制动器H/B)卡合的一对爪形离合器(图1)。
因此,在(4)的效果的基础上,通过将不同时卡合的卡合/释放元件邻接配置而能够形成为将轴向尺寸进一步缩短的紧凑的自动变速器,并且能够实现零件数量的削减。
(6)所述自动变速器能够切换EV起步模式和无级变速模式,所述EV起步模式是将第一制动器(低档制动器L/B)卡合,仅由所述电动机/发电机6的驱动力可行进的模式,
所述无级变速模式是仅将第二离合器(高档离合器H/C)卡合且控制所述电动机/发电机6的发电量而可无级地改变变速比,通过所述发动机5的驱动力行进同时对蓄电池充电的模式(图3、图4、图11、图12)。
因此,在(1)~(5)的效果的基础上,可得到抑制了燃料消耗量的省燃耗的自动变速器。
以上,基于实施例1对本发明的自动变速器进行了说明,但具体的构成不限于该实施例1,只要不脱离本发明要求保护的发明主旨,则允许设计的变更及追加等。
在实施例1中,作为具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组,表示了将单小齿轮行星和双小齿轮行星的行星架及齿圈彼此连接的拉维略型的行星齿轮组。但是,作为具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组,不限于此,也可以使用两组行星齿轮形成为将各自的任意两个旋转元件间连接而具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组。
在实施例1中,表示了将电动机/发电机6经由连接齿轮7与连接构件8连接的例子。但是,作为电动机/发电机,将转子固定在连接构件上,将定子固定在变速器箱上,从而在变速器箱内设定电动机/发电机的例子。
在实施例1中,作为卡合/释放元件,除了输入离合器CLl之外表示了使用同步卡合的爪形离合器的例子。但是,作为卡合/释放元件,也可以全部使用基于摩擦卡合的摩擦离合器或摩擦制动器。
在实施例1中,作为自动变速器,表示了实现前进4速和后退l速的有级变速级和无级变速级。但是,作为自动变速器,也可以为实现前进3速和后退1速的有级变速级和无级变速级的例子。该情况下,能够省略高档制动器H/B。
Claims (6)
1.一种自动变速器,其具有可与发动机连接的输入部件、输出部件、静止部、具有四个旋转元件的行星齿轮组,其特征在于,
将所述行星齿轮组的四个旋转元件在共同速度线图上依次作为第一元件、第二元件、第三元件、第四元件,
将所述第一元件总是与电动机/发电机连接,并且通过第一离合器的卡合可将所述第一元件与所述输入部件连接,
通过第二离合器的卡合可将所述第二元件与所述输入部件连接,
将所述第三元件总是与输出部件连接,
通过第一制动器的卡合可将所述第四元件固定在所述静止部,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第一制动器卡合而使第一变速级成立,
通过将所述第一制动器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第一变速级小的第二变速级成立,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第二变速级小的第三变速级成立,
通过将所述第二离合器卡合且改变所述电动机/发电机的转速而使可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级成立。
2.如权利要求1所述的自动变速器,其特征在于,
通过第二制动器的卡合可将所述第一元件固定在所述静止部,
通过将所述第二离合器和所述第二制动器卡合,使变速比比所述第三变速级小的第四变速级成立。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的自动变速器,其特征在于,
通过第三制动器的卡合可将所述第二元件固定在所述静止部,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第三制动器卡合,使后退变速级成立。
4.一种自动变速器,其具有:
输入部件,其可与发动机连接;
输出部件;
静止部;
拉维略型行星齿轮组,其由第一太阳齿轮、第二太阳齿轮、与该第二太阳齿轮啮合的第一小齿轮、与该第一小齿轮及所述第一太阳齿轮啮合的第二小齿轮、支承所述第一小齿轮及第二小齿轮使其旋转自如的行星架、与所述第二小齿轮啮合的齿圈构成,
将所述第一太阳齿轮总是与电动机/发电机连接,并且通过第一离合器的卡合可将所述第一太阳齿轮与所述输入部件连接,通过第二制动器的卡合可将所述第一太阳齿轮固定在所述静止部,
通过第二离合器的卡合可将所述行星架与所述输入部件连接,通过第三制动器的卡合可将所述行星架固定在所述静止部,
将所述齿圈总是与输出部件连接,
通过第一制动器的卡合可将所述第二太阳齿轮固定在所述静止部,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第一制动器卡合而使第一变速级成立,
通过将所述第一制动器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第一变速级小的第二变速级成立,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第二离合器卡合而使变速比比所述第二变速级小的第三变速级成立,
通过将所述第二离合器和所述第二制动器卡合而使变速比比所述第三变速级小的第四变速级成立,
通过将所述第一离合器和所述第三制动器卡合而使后退变速级成立,
通过将所述第二离合器卡合且改变所述电动机/发电机的转速而使可无级地改变变速比的无级变速级成立,其特征在于,
所述输入部件配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组的内周,
所述第二离合器和所述第三制动器配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组的轴向一侧,
所述第一制动器配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组的轴向另一侧,
所述第一离合器和所述第二制动器配置在所述拉维略型行星齿轮组的轴向另一侧,且比所述第一制动器更远离所述拉维略型行星齿轮组侧,
所述电动机/发电机通过所述第一制动器与所述第二制动器之间、以及在所述第二太阳齿轮的内周侧且与所述输入部件的外周侧之间而总是与所述第一太阳齿轮连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的自动变速器,其特征在于,
所述第二离合器及所述第三制动器作为可选择地与该第二离合器及第三制动器卡合的一对爪形离合器而构成,
所述第一离合器及所述第二制动器作为可选择地与该第一离合器及第二制动器卡合的一对爪形离合器而构成。
6.如权利要求1~2、4~5中任一项所述的自动变速器,其特征在于,
所述自动变速器可切换EV起步模式和无级变速模式,
所述EV起步模式是将第一制动器卡合且仅由所述电动机/发电机的驱动力可行进的模式,
所述无级变速模式是仅将第二离合器卡合,控制所述电动机/发电机的发电量而可将变速比无级地改变,通过所述发动机的驱动力行进且可对蓄电池充电的模式。
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JP2013242302A JP5942228B2 (ja) | 2013-11-22 | 2013-11-22 | 自動変速機 |
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PCT/JP2014/078541 WO2015076068A1 (ja) | 2013-11-22 | 2014-10-28 | 自動変速機 |
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EP (1) | EP3072724A4 (zh) |
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EP3072724A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
KR101847312B1 (ko) | 2018-04-09 |
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