CN105694998A - 一种低凝点车用生物燃料 - Google Patents

一种低凝点车用生物燃料 Download PDF

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CN105694998A
CN105694998A CN201610252346.XA CN201610252346A CN105694998A CN 105694998 A CN105694998 A CN 105694998A CN 201610252346 A CN201610252346 A CN 201610252346A CN 105694998 A CN105694998 A CN 105694998A
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蒙呈星
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Guangxi tonki Energy Technology Co. Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低凝点车用生物燃料，该燃料按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：高碳醇10-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-70％、三甲苯15-65％、添加剂1-3％；其中，所述的高碳醇为正辛醇和/或2-辛醇；所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。本发明采用特殊的原料进行配比，特别是添加特定配比的添加剂后，不仅有效地改善了因环氧脂肪酸甲脂的加入使所得燃料的凝点较高(仅为10℃左右)的问题，使获得的燃料凝点低于-35℃，还使燃料的闪点保持在60℃以上，十六烷值在65以上，润滑性小于200(校正磨痕直径(60℃/μm))，可以适用于北方较为寒冷地区的用油需求；本发明不仅配方简单而且制备方法简单。

Description

一种低凝点车用生物燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车用燃料，具体涉及一种适合柴油发动机使用的低凝点车用生物燃料。
背景技术
随着国民经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，我国对能源的需要日趋增大，以石油为原料的液体燃料消耗持续增长。与此同时，传统的石油资源日渐匮乏。因此，研究与开发替代燃料势在必行。国际车用燃料发展趋势及我国能源下身都明确指出，汽车要逐步减少矿石燃料的使用，扩大醇类燃料及生物燃料的用量。Hamelinck指出，目前甲醇和Fischer-Tropsch法合成燃料是最好的动力燃料。
柴油机热效率比汽油机高，低速大扭矩特性、可靠性好，但是一般标号的柴油如0#柴油的凝点较高，需要根据使用温度区间来选择柴油的标号，如果选用如果不适合，发动机中的燃油***就可能结蜡，堵塞油路，影响发动机的正常工作。虽然柴油的标号越低，结蜡的可能性就越小，但其价格也就越高。为了进一步降低适于柴油机使用的燃料的成本，许多生物燃料应运而生。如公开号为CN101280231A的发明专利公开了一种生物燃料油及其制备方法。该发明采用乙醇、甲醇、甲苯、异丙醇、表面活性剂、硝酸乙酯、二茂铁、C12烯基丁二酸、柴油等多种原料生产得到生物燃料油，所得生物燃料油产品辛烷值与十六烷值较高，腐蚀性低，但其凝点仅在-10℃至-20℃之间，仅相当于-20#柴油最多相当-35#柴油的凝点，不适应北方寒冷地区的用油需求。
而公开号为CN102796573A的发明专利公开了一种低凝生物柴油混合燃料及其制备方法，其组分包括乙酰丙酸乙酯、糠酸甲酯、碳酸二丁酯、油酸甲酯、助溶剂和闪点提高剂。该发明所述低凝生物柴油混合燃料中的凝点低，最低可达-55℃，虽可满足北方寒冷地区的用油需求，但其配方复杂且制备方法繁琐。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种配方简单、十六烷值高且凝点低的低凝点车用生物燃料。
本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料，按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：
高碳醇10-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-70％、三甲苯15-65％、添加剂1-3％；
其中，
所述的高碳醇为正辛醇和/或2-辛醇；
所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。
本发明所述技术方案中，所用的组分环氧脂肪酸甲脂凝固点为8℃，加入该组分后在不添加添加剂的情况下，所得燃料的凝点仅在10℃左右。申请人通过长期、大量的试验研究，发现通过加入上述特定组成的添加剂后可以使所得燃料的的凝点低于-35℃，同时保证所得燃料的其它性能。
本发明所述技术方案中，当高碳醇的选择为正辛醇和2-辛醇的组合时，它们之间的配比可以为任意配比，优选正辛醇和2-辛醇的重量比为1-5：1-5，更优选为1：1。
本发明所述技术方案中，所述的添加剂可以是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂以任意比例组成的混合物，优选地，是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1-5：1-5的重量比混合而成的混合物，更优选地，是由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成的混合物。
本发明所述技术方案中，各组分的重量百分比优选为：
高碳醇15-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-55％、三甲苯20-55％、添加剂1-3％。
进一步地，各组分的重量百分比优选为：
高碳醇20-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-45％、三甲苯20-45％、添加剂1-2％。
本发明所述低凝点车用生物燃料制备方法为：按配比称取各组分，混合均匀后静置一段时间(通常为5小时以上)后即可使用。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用特殊的原料进行配比，特别是添加特定配比的添加剂后，不仅有效地改善了因环氧脂肪酸甲脂的加入使所得燃料的凝点较高(仅为10℃左右)的问题，使获得的燃料凝点低于-35℃，还使燃料的闪点保持在60℃以上，十六烷值在65以上，润滑性小于200(校正磨痕直径(60℃/μm))，可以适用于北方较为寒冷地区的用油需求；此外，本发明配方简单而且制备方法简单。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详述,以更好地理解本发明的内容,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(正辛醇)25％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂23％、三甲苯50％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成)2％。
对比例1
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到不添加添加剂的车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(正辛醇)27％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂23％、三甲苯50％。
实施例2
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置5小时，即得到本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(2-辛醇)35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂45％、三甲苯17％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：3的重量比混合而成)3％。
实施例3
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置10小时，即得到本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(由正辛醇和2-辛醇按1：1的重量比混合而成)10％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂35％、三甲苯54％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：5的重量比混合而成)1％。
实施例4
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置6小时，即得到本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(由正辛醇和2-辛醇按5：1的重量比混合而成)13％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂70％、三甲苯15％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按5：1的重量比混合而成)2％。
实施例5
按下述重量百分比称取下述各组分充分混合均匀，静置8小时，即得到本发明所述的低凝点车用生物燃料：
高碳醇(由正辛醇和2-辛醇按1：10的重量比混合而成)14％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20％、三甲苯65％、添加剂(由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按10：1的重量比混合而成)1％。
对上述实施例1-5制得的燃料进行性能测试，结果如下述表1所示：
表1：
其中，十六烷值依据GB/T386-91检测，铜片腐蚀依据GB/T5096检测，密度依据GB/T1884-2000检测，机械杂质及水分通过目测检测，闪点依据GB/T261检测，凝点依据SH/T0248检测。

Claims (5)

1.一种低凝点车用生物燃料，按重量百分比计，包括下述组分：
高碳醇10-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-70％、三甲苯15-65％、添加剂1-3％；
其中，
所述的高碳醇为正辛醇和/或2-辛醇；
所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低凝点车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1-5：1-5的重量比混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低凝点车用生物燃料，其特征在于：所述的添加剂由油酸和苯甲酸甲脂按1：1的重量比混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的低凝点车用生物燃料，其特征在于：各组分的重量百分比为：
高碳醇15-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-55％、三甲苯20-55％、添加剂1-3％。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的低凝点车用生物燃料，其特征在于：各组分的重量百分比为：
高碳醇20-35％、环氧脂肪酸甲脂20-45％、三甲苯20-45％、添加剂1-2％。
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CN102041176A (zh) * 2011-01-14 2011-05-04 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 制备环氧脂肪酸支链醇酯生物柴油低温改进剂的方法及其应用
US8124572B2 (en) * 2007-09-27 2012-02-28 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Production of biofuels and biolubricants from a common feedstock
CN104119968A (zh) * 2014-08-14 2014-10-29 蒙呈星 一种车用新型燃料

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KR100734201B1 (ko) * 2006-06-14 2007-07-02 지에스칼텍스 주식회사 세탄가 향상제 및 이의 제조 방법
US8124572B2 (en) * 2007-09-27 2012-02-28 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Production of biofuels and biolubricants from a common feedstock
CN102041176A (zh) * 2011-01-14 2011-05-04 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 制备环氧脂肪酸支链醇酯生物柴油低温改进剂的方法及其应用
CN104119968A (zh) * 2014-08-14 2014-10-29 蒙呈星 一种车用新型燃料

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