CN105687439A - 一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法 - Google Patents
一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,包括对疾病的预防和治疗,具体内容包括药物预防中对池水的杀菌和在病菌高发期的预防;药物治疗中药物浸泡和内服药物相结合。本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:分析锯缘青蟹细菌性疾病的患病原因以及患病高发期,对养殖水进行定期杀菌处理,在患病高发期在饲料中添加预防药物,增强锯缘青蟹对细菌性疾病的抵抗力,同时强化肠胃消化功能,提高在高温时锯缘青蟹的摄食能力,在锯缘青蟹感染后,及时对其隔离,并使用治疗药物分别进行浸泡和内服,控制细菌性疾病扩散的同时对其进行恢复治疗,缩短锯缘青蟹的痊愈时间和效果,大大提高了锯缘青蟹的存活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产业养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法。
背景技术
青蟹,又名锯缘青蟹,是我国主要养殖的蟹类之一,目前沿海各省的锯缘青蟹养殖业正迅速兴起,逐渐由粗放养殖向集约化养殖转变,集约化养殖的问题也越来越严重,其中由细菌引起的病害主要由弧菌病、丝状细菌病、甲壳溃疡病和黑鳃病,由细菌引起的病害发病快,死亡率高,易感染,如果治疗不及时,导致病情扩大,会大大增加青蟹的死亡率,严重制约了我国养蟹业的发展,因此需要一种针对青蟹由细菌引起的病害的防治方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题,提供了一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,包括对疾病的预防和治疗,具体内容如下:
(1)药物预防:由多种原料煎煮后浓缩制粉,制粉量为药物总重的25-35%,预防药物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:一枝黄花6-10份,天仙藤12-15份,荔枝核5-8份,黄芪20-25份,瓜蒌子25-30份,蓼大青叶18-24份;
a.在养殖池每次换水后,将预防药物稀释1000-1200倍后,按20ml/m3均匀撒入养殖塘中;
b.在细菌疾病的高发时期,将预防药物稀释600-800倍后,按饲料总量的0.5-0.8%进行添加;
(2)药物治疗:由多种原料煎煮3次后,合并煎煮液,得到治疗煎煮液,治疗煎煮液由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄山药8-12份,榧子5-8份,荜茇2-6份,朱砂根4-8份,白薇8-10份,白附子15-18份,石榴皮18-24份,甘草10-15份,草豆蔻12-15份;
每次煎煮时,加入水量为药物总量的3-5倍,煎煮时间为2-2.5小时;
a.将患病蟹放入治疗煎煮液中进行药浴,根据患病蟹的恢复情况浸泡3-7天;
b.将治疗煎煮液浓缩为原体积的5%,在饵料中添加1-2%的浓缩药液,待患病蟹复原后继续饲喂2-3天。
上述所述药物的重量份均为干重。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进,所述锯缘青蟹细菌疾病的高发时期为水温在25-32℃时,通常为:5-6月和8-9月。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进,所述锯缘青蟹养殖中及时对其进行观察,发现患病蟹及时将其隔离对其进行药物治疗。
有细菌引起的疾病通常养殖池水质以及锯缘青蟹的抗病性差有关,通常为全身性疾病,因此在换水后和细菌疾病高发期,通过水质改善以及通过内服的方法增强锯缘青蟹的抗病性。
在养殖过程中,观察锯缘青蟹的活动状态和体表特征,有异常出现时,应及时将患病蟹隔离进行相应治疗,通过浸泡和内调相结合的方式,减少患病蟹的死亡率,缩短其治愈时间。
预防药物的主要药效为:杀菌消毒,调节水质,防治养殖池的底质恶化;使锯缘青蟹的肠胃保持健康,增强其抗病性,减少由饲料和水质引发的细菌性疾病的发生。
治疗药物的主要药效为:由于细菌性疾病为全身性疾病,因此除了内服药物外,同时结合药物浸泡,及时控制细菌性疾病的扩散,并持续治疗达到痊愈的效果,同时还能调节锯缘青蟹的肠胃功能,提高其摄食能力。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:分析锯缘青蟹细菌性疾病的患病原因以及患病高发期,对养殖水进行定期杀菌处理,在患病高发期在饲料中添加预防药物,增强锯缘青蟹对细菌性疾病的抵抗力,同时强化肠胃消化功能,提高在高温时锯缘青蟹的摄食能力,在锯缘青蟹感染后,及时对其隔离,并使用治疗药物分别进行浸泡和内服,控制细菌性疾病扩散的同时对其进行恢复治疗,缩短锯缘青蟹的痊愈时间和效果,大大提高了锯缘青蟹的存活率。
具体实施方式
一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,包括对疾病的预防和治疗,具体内容如下:
(1)药物预防:
a.在养殖池每次换水后,将预防药物稀释1000-1200倍后,按20ml/m3均匀撒入养殖塘中;
b.在细菌疾病的高发时期,将预防药物稀释600-800倍后,按饲料总量的0.5-0.8%进行添加;
(2)药物治疗:
a.将患病蟹放入煎煮液中进行浸泡,根据患病蟹的恢复情况浸泡3-7天;
b.在饵料中添加1-2%的浓缩药液,待患病蟹复原后继续饲喂2-3天。
实施例1
药物预防:由多种原料煎煮后浓缩制粉,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:一枝黄花8份,天仙藤12份,荔枝核8份,黄芪24份,瓜蒌子28份,蓼大青叶20份;
药物治疗:由多种原料煎煮3次后,合并煎煮液,根据需要直接进行使用或浓缩为原体积的5%进行使用,治疗药物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄山药12份,榧子6份,荜茇4份,朱砂根4份,白薇10份,白附子18份,石榴皮22份,甘草12份,草豆蔻12份;
实施例2
药物预防:由多种原料煎煮后浓缩制粉,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:一枝黄花10份,天仙藤15份,荔枝核5份,黄芪20份,瓜蒌子30份,蓼大青叶20份;
药物治疗:由多种原料煎煮3次后,合并煎煮液,根据需要直接进行使用或浓缩为原体积的5%进行使用,治疗药物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄山药8份,榧子8份,荜茇2份,朱砂根6份,白薇8份,白附子15份,石榴皮24份,甘草14份,草豆蔻15份;
实施例3
药物预防:由多种原料煎煮后浓缩制粉,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:一枝黄花6份,天仙藤14份,荔枝核5份,黄芪23份,瓜蒌子28份,蓼大青叶24份;
药物治疗:由多种原料煎煮3次后,合并煎煮液,根据需要直接进行使用或浓缩为原体积的5%进行使用,治疗药物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄山药10份,榧子5份,荜茇6份,朱砂根8份,白薇9份,白附子16份,石榴皮22份,甘草10份,草豆蔻14份;
实施例1-3中,分别对一亩规格的养殖池进行实验,每亩饲喂锯缘青蟹1500只,设立对照组在同样的环境和条件下饲喂,采用常规的药物进行预防和治疗,预防:适时进行清淤处理,并用生石灰进行消毒;治疗:在养殖池中以2-4g/m3的规格泼洒土霉素,每日一次,连续三天,在每公斤饲料中添加0.8-1g氯霉素,连续7天;在7月前进行统计,为预防实验,在7月下旬,在养殖池中接种河弧菌(108个/m3),观察半个月,观察锯缘青蟹的死亡情况,得出以下表格:
表1
通过表1数据可以看出,按照本发明中方法,预防效果明显,而且能够通过合理的治疗降低死亡率,治疗效果显著,能够缩短治愈时间,经济效益明显。
Claims (3)
1.一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,其特征在于,包括对疾病的预防和治疗,具体内容如下:
(1)药物预防:由多种原料煎煮后浓缩制粉,制粉量为药物总重的25-35%,预防药物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:一枝黄花6-10份,天仙藤12-15份,荔枝核5-8份,黄芪20-25份,瓜蒌子25-30份,蓼大青叶18-24份;
a.在养殖池每次换水后,将预防药物稀释1000-1200倍后,按20ml/m3均匀撒入养殖塘中;
b.在细菌疾病的高发时期,将预防药物稀释600-800倍后,按饲料总量的0.5-0.8%进行添加;
(2)药物治疗:由多种原料煎煮3次后,合并煎煮液,得到治疗煎煮液,治疗煎煮液由以下重量份的原料制备而成:黄山药8-12份,榧子5-8份,荜茇2-6份,朱砂根4-8份,白薇8-10份,白附子15-18份,石榴皮18-24份,甘草10-15份,草豆蔻12-15份;
a.将患病蟹放入治疗煎煮液中进行药浴,根据患病蟹的恢复情况浸泡3-7天;
b.将治疗煎煮液浓缩为原体积的5%,在饵料中添加1-2%的浓缩药液,待患病蟹复原后继续饲喂2-3天。
2.如权利要求1所述一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,其特征在于,所述锯缘青蟹细菌疾病的高发时期为水温在25-32℃时,通常为:5-6月和8-9月。
3.如权利要求1所述一种锯缘青蟹养殖过程中由细菌引起的疾病防治方法,其特征在于,所述锯缘青蟹养殖中及时对其进行观察,发现患病蟹及时将其隔离对其进行药物治疗。
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