CN105649015B - A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube - Google Patents

A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105649015B
CN105649015B CN201610074958.4A CN201610074958A CN105649015B CN 105649015 B CN105649015 B CN 105649015B CN 201610074958 A CN201610074958 A CN 201610074958A CN 105649015 B CN105649015 B CN 105649015B
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pile
powder column
blast
pile top
cylinder
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CN105649015A (en
Inventor
郑志涛
徐颖
娄培杰
徐轩
邵彬彬
杨建明
李成杰
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Bengbu Qibang Science and Technology Information Consulting Co., Ltd.
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201610074958.4A priority Critical patent/CN105649015B/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22Piles
    • E02D5/34Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/44Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22Piles
    • E02D5/62Compacting the soil at the footing or in or along a casing by forcing cement or like material through tubes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube,Mainly include pile tube main body,It is oriented to reinforcing bar,Blast perforating system,Wherein,Pile tube main body is made up of pile body and pile top,Pile body part is cylindrical structure,Pile top part is hollow cone structure,Blast perforating system is provided with pile top hollow parts,After blast perforating system blast,The cumulative metal jet that sockets for collecting energy above it is produced directly produces huge impulsive force to the Rock And Soil around pile top inwall and pile top,So as to eliminate pile top and produce in Rock And Soil around pile top cylindric vallecular cavity,Then by the cylinder inside pile tube to pile grouting,The vallecular cavity formed at stake bottom after slurries filling blast,Crack in jet perforating chamber and Rock And Soil,Stub end is formed after grout cures reach design strength at stake bottom,So as to prevent stake from producing stake to sink because pile top is acted on,Simple structure of the present invention,It is easy to plant produced,Building foundation reinforcement cost can effectively be reduced.

Description

A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building foundation engineering stake, more particularly to a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube.
Background technology
Pile tube is a kind of prefabricated engineering pile of armored concrete, is mainly used in pile foundation engineering, it is possible to increase ground and basis Bearing capacity, prestressed concrete pipe pile can be divided into post-tensioned prestressing stake and pretensioned-prestressed tube pile, because have it is resistance to beat, Pressure-resistant, penetration power is strong, and vertical bearing capacity of single pile is high, and anti-seismic performance is good, low cost, obtains extensively the features such as the construction period is short Application.
The form of pile tube mainly has cross, pyramid type and open-type, and pile sinking mode mainly has hammering method, static pressure method, shake Dynamic method, water jetting, prebored hole method and middle pick method etc., and it is with the most use with static pressure method.In pile driving process, the treatment of stake end position Often require that and be easy to cut native pile sinking, and after stake reaches projected depth, and require that stake can be maintained at projected depth, and now, stake end The design change of position is easily caused stake sinking, so as to influence stake to basic consolidation effect.In general, the perpendicular of stake top is acted on To load by the resistance of stake side and end bearing shared, pile top load is transferred to pile peripheral earth by the resistance of stake side in the form of shear stress, Final diffusion profile is in bearing course at pile end.Bearing course at pile end is produced compression by stake end load and stake side load collective effect, Foundation pile is caused to settle.Foundation pile vertical bearing capacity and its sedimentation for causing are stake --- native coefficient result, it is several with foundation pile The factors changes such as what size, geometric format, stake side pile-end soil property, pile-formation process.Accordingly, it would be desirable to design a kind of stake both It is easy to pile sinking, is unlikely to be settled during stake use again.
The content of the invention
There is settlement influence its consolidation effect to basis to prevent stake in building foundation engineering, the present invention provides one Plant blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube, including pile tube main body (1), guiding reinforcing bar (2), blast perforating system (3);
The pile tube main body (1) is made up of pile body and pile top, and, by reinforced concrete whole-casting, pile body part is for both Cylindrical structure, pile top part is hollow cone structure, and described hollow parts are the cylinder for being reserved with radially-directed hole, as Cylinder is hollow, cylinder it is hollow in be placed with blast powder column (7), cylinder hollow-core construction shape with explode powder column (7) be consistent Close;Described radially-directed hole is cylinder, half of its axial length less than the same section radius of cone pile top where it; Radially-directed hole is radially arranged along cylinder is hollow, and in the hollow axial direction of cylinder, radially-directed hole is staggered, adjacent Two radially-directed axially bored lines are mutually perpendicular to;The hollow diameter of the cylinder is less than cone pile top upper surface circular diameter, The smooth light circle of two root surfaces is provided with the platform of cone pile top upper surface casting concrete and is oriented to reinforcing bar (2), in circular cone Body pile top upper surface is justified upper two light circle guiding reinforcing bar (2) position line and is symmetrical arranged by the center of circle, is oriented to the lower end of reinforcing bar (2) It is cast in inside pile top, upper end extends to pile body end;In cone pile top upper surface, two are oriented to reinforcing bar (2) through blast Two small sircle holes on perforating system (3) pallet (5);Two roundlet hole sites being oriented on reinforcing bar (2) and pallet (5) Setting can ensure that the radially-directed hole inside cone pile top is consistent with the position of conical sockets for collecting energy (8) at identical height;
Blast perforating system (3) is made up of pallet (5), powder column lid (6), blast powder column (7), and the pallet (5) is Disc structure, top is symmetrically arranged with two small sircle holes, and roundlet bore dia is consistent with reinforcing bar (2) is oriented to, with this be cast in Two in cone pile top are oriented to reinforcing bar (2) and are connected, and middle part is provided with a big hole, great circle bore dia and blast powder column (7) Diameter is consistent, and great circle bore dia is symmetrical arranged two annulus convex less than the external diameter of powder column lid (6) on two small sircle hole lines Rise;Blast powder column (7) is cylindrical structure, is made up of powder column housing and powder column lid (6), is connected by screw thread between the two Connect, wherein, powder column housing is cylindrical structure, and inside is equipped with high explosive, and side is provided with conical sockets for collecting energy (8), circular cone tip Position direction, conical sockets for collecting energy (8) being radially arranged along powder column housing, in powder column housing vertical with powder column housing longitudinal axis line Axially, conical sockets for collecting energy (8) is staggered, and two neighboring conical sockets for collecting energy (8) axis is mutually perpendicular to;Because cone is poly- The setting of energy cave (8), epiconus position forms tapered protrusion in powder column inner walls;
Conical sockets for collecting energy (8) position is engaged with the position of cone pile top inner radial pilot hole, same Highly locate conical sockets for collecting energy (8) bottom surface and face radially-directed hole, radially-directed hole diameter of section is more than conical sockets for collecting energy (8) bottom surface circular diameter, the metal energy gathering cap of identical planform is covered with conical sockets for collecting energy (8) outside, and energy gathering cap is circular cone Shape housing, is provided with graininess raised in its inwall;
The powder column lid (6) is variable section structure, and top is disc structure, and bottom is columnar structured, and both integrally pour Build, wherein upper diameter is more than lower diameter, upper disk middle part is provided with detonator wire (4) hole, and detonator wire (4) is connected with thunder Pipe, in the high explosive of detonator insertion powder column enclosure interior;Lower cylindrical structure external diameter is consistent with powder column housing inner diameter, bottom Columnar structured outer surface is provided with external screw thread, is connected with powder column housing with this;
Pallet (5), powder column lid (6) on blast perforating system (3), blast powder column (7) are plastic material.
Operation principle:
After blast perforating system blast in the present invention, the cumulative metal jet that the sockets for collecting energy above it is produced, pressure can Up to millions of atmospheric pressure, with high energy density, directly the Rock And Soil around pile top inwall and pile top is produced huge Impulsive force, so as to eliminate pile top and cylindric vallecular cavity is produced in Rock And Soil around pile top, then by the circle inside pile tube Cylinder to pile grouting, wait to starch by the crack after slurries filling blast in vallecular cavity, jet perforating chamber and the Rock And Soil that stake bottom is formed Liquid solidification forms stub end after reaching design strength at stake bottom, so as to prevent stake from producing stake to sink because pile top is acted on.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that:
(1) present invention eliminates pile top in the form of the perforation that explodes, and perforation chamber is produced in Rock And Soil around pile top, Compared with using explosion technique, the usage amount of high explosive on the one hand can be suitably reduced using jet perforating technology, and then reduce High explosive explosion time produce vibrations on strength of the mixing pile influence, on the other hand can in Rock And Soil around pile top different directions, Perforation chamber is produced at different height, " canine tooth shape " embolism (Fig. 6) is formed in the presence of injecting cement paste, so as to increase the resistance of stake sedimentation Power, prevents stake from settling;
(2) for the use environment and job specification of stake, the present invention is improved in terms of energy gathering cap, in energy gathering cap Portion has done that graininess is raised, and this can increase the amount of metal stream when high explosive blast triggers jet perforating so that a small amount of violent More metal stream is sent in the case of explosive, so as to realize perforation, high explosive usage amount is reduced, it is quick-fried also to reduce explosive simultaneously The fried vibrations for producing, the intensity effect to stake superstructure is also smaller;
(3) in the present invention, do that graininess is raised and non-immediate thickening energy gathering cap in the inside of energy gathering cap, tested through test of many times Card, this is done so that conical cumulative over body case uneven distribution is even, and then is readily susceptible to melt energy gathering cap in the presence of high explosive Change and produce metal stream;
(4) after the slip casting of pile tube bottom, injecting cement paste is flow in the space of pile tube bottom, further strengthens a bed rock soil Body, equivalent to thinking to create a firm pile bottom force holding layer, this can be reduced increases stake because finding firm supporting course for this The wasting of resources that length is caused;
(5) in the presence of high explosive, the reinforcing bar of concrete parcel is stripped out at pile top, is occurred under detonation wave effect curved Song deformation, after reinforcing bars of these deformations are wrapped up by injecting cement paste, further increases the intensity of pile tube bottom, be also easy to make pile body with Injecting cement paste is combined;
(6) the radially-directed hole inside pile top of the present invention is cylindrical structure, corresponding with the sockets for collecting energy on blast powder column, In blast perforating system explosion time, radially-directed hole has guide effect, crackle is passed in the horizontal direction to pile top destruction crackle Broadcast, so as to reduce damage of the explosive to pile body;
(7) present invention in grouting amount can be determined according to concrete engineering application, if desired for very strong pile tube, can be with slip casting To pile tube upper port, if desired for the relatively low pile tube of intensity, it is thus only necessary at slip casting to stake deep 1/3.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube vertical cross section figure of the invention;
Fig. 2 is blast perforating system elevation of the invention;
Fig. 3 is blast perforating system top view of the invention;
Fig. 4 is powder column lid schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 5 is energy gathering cap schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 6 is blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube working effect figure of the invention;
In Fig. 1:Pile tube main body -1, is oriented to reinforcing bar -2, perforating system -3 of exploding, detonator wire -4, and blast powder column - 7;
In Fig. 2:Pallet -5, powder column lid -6, sockets for collecting energy -8;
In Fig. 6:Rock And Soil -9, injecting cement paste -10, reinforcing bar -11, rope -12.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment pair The present invention is described in further detail:
A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube, including pile tube main body 1, guiding reinforcing bar 2, blast perforating system 3;
The pile tube main body 1 is made up of pile body and pile top, and, by reinforced concrete whole-casting, pile body part is circle for both Barrel structure, pile top part is hollow cone structure, and described hollow parts are the cylinder for being reserved with radially-directed hole, is as justified Cylinder is hollow, cylinder it is hollow in be placed with blast powder column 7, cylinder hollow-core construction shape with explode powder column 7 be consistent;It is described Radially-directed hole be cylinder, half of its axial length less than the same section radius of cone pile top where it;Radial guiding It is radially arranged along cylinder is hollow to hole, in the hollow axial direction of cylinder, radially-directed hole is staggered, two neighboring footpath It is mutually perpendicular to axially bored line is oriented to;The hollow diameter of the cylinder is less than cone pile top upper surface circular diameter, in cone The smooth light circle of two root surfaces is provided with the platform of pile top upper surface casting concrete and is oriented to reinforcing bar 2, in cone pile top Surface is justified the upper two light circle guiding position line of reinforcing bar 2 and is symmetrical arranged by the center of circle, and the lower end for being oriented to reinforcing bar 2 is cast in pile top Portion, upper end extends to pile body end;In cone pile top upper surface, two are oriented to reinforcing bar 2 through the blast pallet 5 of perforating system 3 On two small sircle holes;Two settings of roundlet hole site being oriented on reinforcing bar 2 and pallet 5 can ensure in cone pile top The radially-directed hole in portion is consistent with the position of conical sockets for collecting energy 8 at identical height;
The blast perforating system 3 is made up of pallet 5, powder column lid 6, blast powder column 7, and the pallet 5 is disc structure, on Portion is symmetrically arranged with two small sircle holes, and roundlet bore dia is consistent with reinforcing bar 2 is oriented to, with this be cast in cone pile top Two are oriented to reinforcing bar 2 and are connected, and middle part is provided with a big hole, and great circle bore dia is consistent with the blast diameter of powder column 7, and big hole is straight Footpath is symmetrical arranged two annulus projections less than the external diameter of powder column lid 6 on two small sircle hole lines;The blast powder column 7 is circle Column structure, is made up of powder column housing and powder column lid 6, is connected through a screw thread between the two, wherein, powder column housing is cylinder knot Structure, inside is equipped with high explosive, and side is provided with conical sockets for collecting energy 8, and epiconus position is round towards vertical with powder column housing longitudinal axis line Taper sockets for collecting energy 8 is radially arranged along powder column housing, and in the axial direction of powder column housing, conical sockets for collecting energy 8 is staggered, adjacent Two conical axis of sockets for collecting energy 8 are mutually perpendicular to;Due to the setting of conical sockets for collecting energy 8, epiconus position is in powder column housing Wall forms tapered protrusion;
The position of conical sockets for collecting energy 8 is engaged with the position of cone pile top inner radial pilot hole, in same height The conical bottom surface of sockets for collecting energy 8 faces radially-directed hole at degree, and radially-directed hole diameter of section is more than the conical bottom surface of sockets for collecting energy 8 Circular diameter, the metal energy gathering cap of identical planform is covered with the outside of conical sockets for collecting energy 8, and energy gathering cap is conical shell, It is raised that its inwall is provided with graininess;
The powder column lid 6 is variable section structure, and top is disc structure, and bottom is columnar structured, both one-piece castings, Wherein upper diameter is more than lower diameter, and upper disk middle part is provided with the hole of detonator wire 4, and detonator wire 4 is connected with detonator, detonator In the high explosive of insertion powder column enclosure interior;Lower cylindrical structure external diameter is consistent with powder column housing inner diameter, lower cylindrical Structural outer surface is provided with external screw thread, is connected with powder column housing with this;
Pallet 5, powder column lid 6 on the blast perforating system 3, blast powder column 7 are plastic material.
The course of work of the invention is illustrated with reference to accompanying drawing:
(1) as shown in figure 1, in precasting yard that pile tube main body 1 is prefabricated, now blast perforating system 3 is not put into pipe by elder generation Stake is internal, using predrilling piling method or pile driving method by hammer etc. by the pile tube in the present invention as projected depth;
(2) by the high explosive inside detonator insertion blast powder column 7, detonator wire 4 passes through the detonator wire on powder column lid 6 4 holes, and tighten powder column lid 6 and close, explode powder column 7, will be equipped with the blast powder column 7 of detonator through pallet 5, completes blast with this and penetrates The assembling of aperture apparatus 3;
(3) it is two ropes 12 in the annulus projection on pallet 5, the length of rope 12 is more than pile tube length, by pile body internal reservation Two two small sircle holes being oriented on the alignment blast pallets 5 of perforating system 3 of reinforcing bars 2, will slowly be exploded perforations by two ropes Device 3 is positioned over a bottom;
(4) after carrying out safety standard, by cap sensitive blast perforating system 3, when the toxic gas that blast is produced is dissipated to When below security clearance concentration, by soil suction equipment cleaning stake bottom, slip casting is then treated to the slip casting of pile tube bottom using slip casting machine After body reaches design strength, pile tube of the present invention can come into operation (Fig. 6).
Above-described embodiment is only better embodiment of the invention, and technology structure of the invention is specifically understood with reference to accompanying drawing Think and essential implementation, not protection scope of the present invention be defined, all Spirit Essences according to technical solution of the present invention and Change, modification, replacement, combination, the simplification made under principle, should be equivalent substitute mode, all should cover in guarantor of the invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube, including pile tube main body (1), guiding reinforcing bar (2), blast perforating system (3), it is special Levy and be:The pile tube main body (1) is made up of pile body and pile top, and, by reinforced concrete whole-casting, pile body part is for both Cylindrical structure, pile top part is hollow cone structure, and described hollow parts are the cylinder for being reserved with radially-directed hole, as Cylinder is hollow, cylinder it is hollow in be placed with blast powder column (7), cylinder hollow-core construction shape with explode powder column (7) be consistent Close;Described radially-directed hole is cylinder, half of its axial length less than the same section radius of cone pile top where it; Radially-directed hole is radially arranged along cylinder is hollow, and in the hollow axial direction of cylinder, radially-directed hole is staggered, adjacent Two radially-directed axially bored lines are mutually perpendicular to;The hollow diameter of the cylinder is less than cone pile top upper surface circular diameter, The smooth light circle of two root surfaces is provided with the platform of cone pile top upper surface casting concrete and is oriented to reinforcing bar (2), in circular cone Body pile top upper surface is justified upper two light circle guiding reinforcing bar (2) position line and is symmetrical arranged by the center of circle, is oriented to the lower end of reinforcing bar (2) It is cast in inside pile top, upper end extends to pile body end;In cone pile top upper surface, two are oriented to reinforcing bar (2) through blast Two small sircle holes on perforating system (3) pallet (5).
2. a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The blast perforating system (3) it is made up of pallet (5), powder column lid (6), blast powder column (7), the pallet (5) is disc structure, and top is symmetrically arranged with two Individual small sircle hole, roundlet bore dia is consistent with reinforcing bar (2) is oriented to, with this and two guiding reinforcing bars being cast in cone pile top (2) it is connected, middle part is provided with a big hole, great circle bore dia is consistent with blast powder column (7) diameter, and great circle bore dia is less than medicine The external diameter of post lid (6), is symmetrical arranged two annulus projections on two small sircle hole lines;Blast powder column (7) is cylinder Structure, is made up of powder column housing and powder column lid (6), is connected through a screw thread between the two, wherein, powder column housing is cylinder knot Structure, inside is equipped with high explosive, and side is provided with conical sockets for collecting energy (8), and epiconus position direction is vertical with powder column housing longitudinal axis line, Conical sockets for collecting energy (8) being radially arranged along powder column housing, in the axial direction of powder column housing, conical sockets for collecting energy (8) is interlocked and is set Put, two neighboring conical sockets for collecting energy (8) axis is mutually perpendicular to;Due to the setting of conical sockets for collecting energy (8), epiconus position exists Powder column inner walls form tapered protrusion.
3. a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The conical sockets for collecting energy (8) position is engaged with the position of cone pile top inner radial pilot hole, conical sockets for collecting energy (8) bottom surface at sustained height Radially-directed hole is faced, radially-directed hole diameter of section is more than conical sockets for collecting energy (8) bottom surface circular diameter, in conical cumulative Cave (8) outside is covered with the metal energy gathering cap of identical planform, and energy gathering cap is conical shell, and it is convex to be provided with graininess in its inwall Rise;The setting of two roundlet hole sites being oriented on reinforcing bar (2) and pallet (5) can ensure the radial direction inside cone pile top Pilot hole is consistent with the position of conical sockets for collecting energy (8) at identical height.
4. a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The powder column lid (6) is change Cross section structure, top is disc structure, and bottom is columnar structured, and both one-piece castings, wherein upper diameter are straight more than bottom Footpath, upper disk middle part is provided with detonator wire (4) hole, and detonator wire (4) is connected with detonator, detonator insertion powder column enclosure interior In high explosive;Lower cylindrical structure external diameter is consistent with powder column housing inner diameter, and lower cylindrical structural outer surface is provided with outer spiral shell Line, is connected with this with powder column housing.
5. a kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The blast perforating system (3) pallet (5), powder column lid (6), blast powder column (7) on are plastic material.
CN201610074958.4A 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 A kind of blasting grouting anti-settling pile tube Active CN105649015B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108442190B (en) * 2018-05-16 2023-12-22 中建空列(北京)科技有限公司 Construction method of support upright post for air-iron system and air-iron system
CN115198729B (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-01-30 济南城建集团有限公司 Explosion type umbrella type steel pipe pile device and construction method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB693465A (en) * 1951-03-08 1953-07-01 William Henry Cundell Blake Improvements in or relating to explosive pile shoes
CN2283677Y (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-06-10 赵纪生 Vibration tube sinking boring-slip casting pile machine
CN1749484A (en) * 2005-10-17 2006-03-22 卫龙武 Construction method for prefabricated tubular pile with expanding head
CN202936783U (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-05-15 兰州大学 Tubular type anchor rod with grouted circular energizing blasting holes for anchoring
CN205444176U (en) * 2016-02-01 2016-08-10 安徽理工大学 Sedimentation pipe stake is prevented in explosion slip casting

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB693465A (en) * 1951-03-08 1953-07-01 William Henry Cundell Blake Improvements in or relating to explosive pile shoes
CN2283677Y (en) * 1996-03-29 1998-06-10 赵纪生 Vibration tube sinking boring-slip casting pile machine
CN1749484A (en) * 2005-10-17 2006-03-22 卫龙武 Construction method for prefabricated tubular pile with expanding head
CN202936783U (en) * 2012-10-26 2013-05-15 兰州大学 Tubular type anchor rod with grouted circular energizing blasting holes for anchoring
CN205444176U (en) * 2016-02-01 2016-08-10 安徽理工大学 Sedimentation pipe stake is prevented in explosion slip casting

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