CN105633361A - Sodium-ion battery electrode material, production method thereof and battery - Google Patents
Sodium-ion battery electrode material, production method thereof and battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105633361A CN105633361A CN201510991631.9A CN201510991631A CN105633361A CN 105633361 A CN105633361 A CN 105633361A CN 201510991631 A CN201510991631 A CN 201510991631A CN 105633361 A CN105633361 A CN 105633361A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Abstract
The invention provides a sodium-ion battery electrode material. The electrode material comprises a conductive molecular sieve composite material, wherein the conductive molecular sieve composite material comprises a molecular sieve and a carbon molecular film, the carbon molecular film is produced through carbonization of a carbon precursor, sodium accommodating holes are formed in both of the conductive molecular sieve composite material and the molecular sieve, the effective aperture of the sodium accommodating holes of the conductive molecular sieve composite material is smaller than the effective aperture of the sodium accommodating holes of the molecular sieve by 25-90%, and the effective aperture of the conductive molecular sieve composite material is 0.3-2 nanometers. The invention also provides a method for preparation by using the electrode material and a battery. The electrode material is provided with a favorable sodium ion de-intercalation channel, radicals of sodium ions and a solvent cannot enter the interior of the holes, and the battery is endowed with relatively high reversible capacity and relatively high rate performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery electrode material, particularly sodium ion battery electrode material, its preparation method and battery.
Background technology
Along with lithium ion battery applications field from portable electric appts to electric automobile, the Quick Extended of extensive energy storage, the demand of lithium is constantly increased, but limited lithium resource and higher price limit its in the application of the extensive energy storage system such as intelligent grid and regenerative resource.
Sodium-ion battery is the battery system similar with lithium ion battery, adopt the metallic sodium that resource is enriched more, there is the outstanding advantage that cost is low, performance is good, it is common to think that it will be widely used in fields such as electrokinetic cell, large-scale energy storage device and intelligent grids. Sodium-ion battery has a similar operation principle to lithium ion battery, but the bigger radius of sodium ion makes choosing of its electrode material particularly difficult. At present research is difficult to find can the host material of fast and stable deintercalation sodium ion. Such as graphite has the storage lithium performance of excellence, but bigger sodium ion does not mate with the interlamellar spacing of graphite, it is impossible in graphite layers reversible deintercalation effectively, causes that the storage sodium capacity of graphite is very low, is only 30mAh/g. Therefore, find suitable storage sodium material and be still a difficult task.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to provide a kind of and can effectively store up the sodium ion electrode material of sodium, its preparation method and battery.
A kind of sodium ion battery electrode material, described electrode material includes electroconductive molecule sieve composite, described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is made up of molecular sieve and carbon molecular film, described carbon molecular film is made up of the presoma carbonization of carbon, all exist inside described electroconductive molecule sieve composite and molecular sieve and hold sodium hole, the effective aperture holding sodium hole of the effective aperture ratio molecular sieve holding sodium hole of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is little by 25��90%, and the effective aperture of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is 0.3��2nm.
Further, the effective aperture of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is 0.3��0.6nm.
A kind of method preparing sodium ion battery electrode material, comprises the steps:
The presoma of carbon is dissolved in solvent, obtains the precursor solution of carbon;
Molecular sieve is added in the precursor solution of carbon, mix homogeneously, obtain the mixed solution of presoma;
The mixed solution of presoma is dried, high temperature cabonization under inert gas shielding, naturally cool to room temperature after carbonization and namely obtain electroconductive molecule sieve composite.
A kind of sodium-ion battery electrode, comprises above-mentioned battery electrode material and auxiliary element.
A kind of sodium-ion battery, comprises above-mentioned battery electrode, and described battery electrode is at least one party in positive pole and negative pole.
Electroconductive molecule sieve composite in the present invention is as the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, both the deintercalation for sodium ion of enough ducts it had been provided that, the entrance of sodium ion and the group of solvent can be hindered again simultaneously, what effectively reduce SEI film forms the generation with other side reactions, improves the reversible capacity of sodium-ion battery. It addition, compare with molecular sieve, the effective aperture of the effective aperture ratio molecular sieve of electroconductive molecule sieve composite is little by 25��90%, and the framing structure that simultaneously can keep molecular sieve is constant, and material controllability is better. The electroconductive molecule sieve composite of the present invention extends the range of choice of sodium ion electrode material as the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, reduces cost.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of sodium ion battery electrode material, described electrode material includes electroconductive molecule sieve composite, described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is made up of molecular sieve and carbon molecular film, described carbon molecular film is made up of the presoma carbonization of carbon, all exist inside described electroconductive molecule sieve composite and molecular sieve and hold sodium hole, the effective aperture of the effective aperture ratio molecular sieve of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is little by 25��90%, and the effective aperture of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is 0.3��2nm. Wherein effective aperture Zhi Rongna hole opening diameter. Described appearance sodium hole is to hold the hole that sodium ion is freely embeddable and deviates from.
The present invention is found through experiments when the effective aperture holding hole in electrode material is 0.3��2nm, can reach allow sodium ion be freely embeddable and deviate from, the inside of sodium ion and the group access aperture of solvent can be stoped again, thus effectively suppressing the formation of SEI film, make this electrode material have good chemical property, improve the reversible capacity of sodium-ion battery. And, because the presoma of carbon enters the duct of molecular sieve by carbonization, form carbon molecular film to be coated with over a molecular sieve, thus reducing the aperture of molecular sieve, the effective aperture making the effective aperture ratio molecular sieve of electroconductive molecule sieve composite is little by 25��90%, the framing structure that simultaneously can keep molecular sieve is constant, and material controllability is better. The electroconductive molecule sieve composite of the present invention extends the range of choice of sodium ion electrode material as the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, reduces cost.
Further, the electric conductivity of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is higher than the electric conductivity of molecular sieve by 102��109Times.
In the present invention, electroconductive molecule sieve composite is made up of molecular sieve and carbon molecular film, this carbon molecular film is made up of the presoma carbonization of carbon, the presoma carbonization cracking of this carbon forms the groups such as alkyl, phenyl ring, hydroxyl, then proceed to substantial amounts of dehydrogenation, deoxygenation etc., form a large amount of amorphous carbon, so that the mass fraction of amorphous carbon molecule increases in electroconductive molecule sieve composite. After these carbonizations, residual carbon can only press one-dimensional straight-through growth in duct, and the formation three-dimensional net structure that can not be cross-linked to each other, thus can the linear structure of formation rule, increase the electrical conductivity of material. Therefore, compared with molecular sieve, the electroconductive molecule sieve conductivity of composite material of the present invention is by 4.1 �� 10-5S/cm brings up to 860S/cm, and electric conductivity is high 102��109Times.
The specific surface area further holding sodium hole is 2��300m2/ g (present invention is sorbent used is nitrogen), the effective aperture in described appearance sodium hole is 0.3-0.6nm, and the pore volume in described appearance sodium hole is 0.0136��0.17cm3/ g, the sodium hole that holds of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite accounts for more than the 50��60% of material mesopore sum, and electrical conductivity is 1��103S/cm��
Especially, the specific surface area in the present invention refers both to N2Absorption test result; General, identical porous material, when using different medium test specific surface area, the test result obtained is often different.
The present invention is found by many experiments, when the appearance sodium hole of electroconductive molecule sieve composite accounts for more than the 50��60% of material mesopore sum, the storage sodium capacity of its prepared sodium-ion battery electrode can reach the standard of sodium-ion battery capacity, and its electrical conductivity is 1��10 simultaneously3S/cm. And percent that described appearance sodium hole accounts for material mesopore sum is more big, the storage sodium capacity of its prepared sodium-ion battery electrode is more strong.
Further, described molecular sieve includes one or more in zeolite molecular sieve, modified zeolite molecular sieve and carbon molecular sieve. Wherein modified zeolite molecular sieve includes but not limited to prepared by the methods such as the hetero atom isomorphous substitution of zeolite molecular sieve is modified by cation exchange, Dealumination, framework of molecular sieve.
More preferably TS-1 type molecular sieve, L molecular sieve, type ZSM 5 molecular sieve, faujasite-type molecular sieve, mordenite molecular sieve etc.
Most of molecular sieve bore diameter that current market can be sold is bigger than normal, but pore-size distribution is narrower, after preparing into electroconductive molecule sieve composite by carbonization, can effectively reduce the aperture of molecular sieve, it is made to provide enough ducts supply the embedding of sodium ion and deviate from, it is possible to ensure higher storage sodium capacity. Simultaneously because aperture is minimum, the group hindering sodium ion and solvent enters inside accommodation hole, effectively reduces the contact area of active substance and electrolyte, decreases the generation of the side reactions such as SEI film. And compare with other materials, the process for producing of electroconductive molecule sieve composite is ripe, and low price is less costly.
Further, the presoma of described carbon includes but not limited to one or more in the Organic substance of carbon containing, carbon containing macromolecular material and biomass.
The preparation method that the present invention also provides for a kind of electroconductive molecule sieve composite:
The presoma of carbon is dissolved in solvent, obtains the precursor solution of carbon;
Molecular sieve is added in the precursor solution of carbon, mix homogeneously, obtain mixed solution;
The mixed solution of molecular sieve is dried, high temperature cabonization under inert gas shielding, be cooled to room temperature after carbonization and namely obtain electroconductive molecule sieve composite.
The presoma of described carbon includes but not limited to one or more in the Organic substance of carbon containing, carbon containing macromolecular material and biomass.
Described solvent includes but not limited to one or more in alcohols, ethers, ketone and water.
Described molecular sieve includes but not limited to one or more in zeolite molecular sieve, modified zeolite molecular sieve and carbon molecular sieve. Wherein modified zeolite molecular sieve includes but not limited to prepared by the methods such as the hetero atom isomorphous substitution of zeolite molecular sieve is modified by cation exchange, Dealumination, framework of molecular sieve.
More preferably TS-1 type molecular sieve, L molecular sieve, type ZSM 5 molecular sieve, faujasite-type molecular sieve, mordenite molecular sieve etc.
Further, the presoma of described carbon and the mass ratio of molecular sieve are 1:2��4:1, and it is 10��20% that the presoma of described carbon and the quality summation of molecular sieve account for the mass percent of mixed solution.
The hybrid mode of the described precursor solution that molecular sieve adds carbon, can use method well known in the art, for instance stirring, concussion etc., it is preferred to use ultrasonic vibration. Magnetic agitation can also be included further after ultrasonic vibration.
Further, molecular sieve is added in the precursor solution of carbon, ultrasonic vibration 1h, then sealing magnetic stirring 10-12h.
Described mixed solution is dried, drying mode well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted, for instance drying, vacuum drying, spray drying etc. Preferably employ the mode of drying.
Described noble gas includes but not limited to one or more in nitrogen, argon. It is preferably argon.
The step of described high temperature cabonization includes, and starting carbonization programming rate is 5 DEG C/min, inert gas flow 70��80mL/min, is warming up to 600 DEG C and continues constant temperature 4h, after carbonization terminates, is naturally down to room temperature.
Those skilled in the art are it should be understood that carburizing temperature is within the scope of 600-3000 DEG C.
The present invention also provides for a kind of sodium-ion battery electrode, comprises battery electrode material as above and auxiliary element. Described auxiliary element is binding agent. Conductive agent can also be included further. Its binding agent and conductive agent etc. can adopt the scheme known by those skilled in the art.
The present invention also provides for a kind of sodium-ion battery, comprises battery electrode as above, and the miscellaneous parts such as described battery electrode is used at least one party in positive pole and negative pole, its electrolyte can adopt the scheme known by those skilled in the art. Preferably this electrode is for the negative pole as sodium-ion battery.
The first circle coulombic efficiency of described battery is more than 60%, and the capacity after circulation 200 circle is more than 200mAh/g.
Further, the first circle coulombic efficiency of described sodium-ion battery is more than 70%, and the capacity after circulation 200 circle is more than 250mAh/g.
Sodium-ion battery in the present invention shows higher reversible capacity and good high rate performance, and overall performance is better, great commercial value.
Embodiment
For allowing the present invention become apparent, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, elaborating, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples. Within all marrow in the present invention and principle, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Mass ratio with 2:1, accurately weigh 13X molecular sieve and phenolic resin, first use anhydrous alcohol solution phenolic resin, it is subsequently adding 13X molecular sieve, ultrasonic wave concussion absorption 1h, sealing magnetic stirring 12h, then dry in drying baker, then material is put in aluminium oxide Noah's ark, 800 DEG C of carbonization treatment in tube furnace. In whole carbonisation; noble gas argon (Ar) is utilized to protect; Ar flow 70��80mL/min; 5 DEG C/min of carbonization programming rate, after reaching 800 DEG C, continues constant temperature 4h; after carbonisation terminates; continue under argon shield, naturally be down to room temperature, conduct electricity 13X molecular sieves compound material. Then utilizing agate mortar to be ground into powder, utilize 200 order standard inspection sieves to filter, its particle diameter is 0.078mm.
Conduction 13X molecular sieves compound material is compared with 13X molecular sieve, and its electrical conductivity is by the 5.20 �� 10 of 13X molecular sieve-6S/cm brings up to 860S/cm; Effective aperture is 0.40nm, and specific surface area is 20m2/ g (adsorbent is nitrogen), pore volume is 0.09cm3/ g, comparing each parameter of 13X molecular sieve has reduction. The phenolic resin added entering the duct of 13X molecular sieve, being coated on 13X molecular sieve surface thus reducing the effective aperture of molecular sieve. The carbon of phenolic resin gained in the carbonized, based on amorphous carbon, is directly left in place, but the composite generated is compared with former 13X molecular sieve, and framing structure change is little, and material controllability is relatively good.
By the conduction 13X molecular sieves compound material of above-mentioned preparation, adding conductive agent conductive carbon black, binding agent Kynoar, ratio is 7:1.5:1.5, prepares into sodium-ion battery electrode. Further with to electrode NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2, electrolyte and barrier film group, it is assembled into sodium-ion battery. Prepared sodium-ion battery first circle coulombic efficiency under the electric current of 100mA/g is 68%, and capacity is 250mAh/g.
Embodiment 2:
ZMS-5 (the Fe-ZMS-5 that metallic iron is modified is accurately weighed with mass ratio 1:1, the load capacity of ferrum is 0.9%) and polyaniline, first polyaniline is dissolved in ethylene glycol solution and mixes, add Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve, ultrasonic wave concussion absorption 1h, sealing magnetic stirring 12h, then dry in drying baker, then material is put in aluminium oxide Noah's ark, 800 DEG C of carbonization treatment in tube furnace. In whole carbonisation; noble gas argon (Ar) is utilized to protect; Ar flow 70��80mL/min; 5 DEG C/min of carbonization programming rate, after reaching 1000 DEG C, continues constant temperature 4h; after carbonisation terminates; continue under argon shield, be naturally down to room temperature, Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieves compound material. Then utilizing agate mortar to be ground into powder, utilize 200 order standard inspection sieves to filter, its particle diameter is 0.075mm.
Conduction Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieves compound material is compared with Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve, and its electrical conductivity is by the 6.8 �� 10 of Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve-3S/cm brings up to 152S/cm; Effective aperture is 0.50nm, and specific surface area is 234m2/ g (adsorbent is nitrogen), pore volume is 0.12cm3/ g, comparing each parameter of Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve has reduction. The phenyl ring added entering the duct of Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve, being coated on Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve surface thus reducing the effective aperture of molecular sieve. The carbon of polyaniline gained in the carbonized, based on amorphous carbon, is directly left in place, but the composite generated is compared with former Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve, and framing structure change is little, and material controllability is relatively good.
By the conduction Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieves compound material of above-mentioned preparation, adding conductive agent conductive carbon black, binding agent Kynoar, ratio is 7:1.5:1.5, prepares into sodium-ion battery electrode. Further with to electrode NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2, electrolyte and barrier film group, it is assembled into sodium-ion battery. Prepared sodium-ion battery first circle coulombic efficiency under the electric current of 100mA/g is 62%, and capacity is 240mAh/g.
Embodiment 3:
Weigh TS-1 type molecular sieve and starch with mass ratio 1:4, first starch and benzole soln are mixed, add TS-1 type molecular sieve, ultrasonic wave concussion absorption 1h, sealing magnetic stirring 12h, then dry in drying baker, then material is put in aluminium oxide Noah's ark, 800 DEG C of carbonization treatment in tube furnace. In whole carbonisation; noble gas argon (Ar) is utilized to protect; Ar flow 70��80mL/min; 5 DEG C/min of carbonization programming rate, after reaching 2800 DEG C, continues constant temperature 4h; after carbonisation terminates; continue under argon shield, be naturally down to room temperature, TS-1 type molecular sieve carbonization composite. Then utilizing agate mortar to be ground into powder, utilize 200 order standard inspection sieves to filter, its particle diameter is 0.076mm.
Conduction TS-1 type molecular sieves compound material is compared with TS-1 type molecular sieve, and its electrical conductivity is by the 9.6 �� 10 of Fe-ZMS-5 molecular sieve-4S/cm brings up to 250S/cm; Effective aperture is 0.59nm, and specific surface area is 254m2/ g (adsorbent is nitrogen), pore volume is 0.11cm3/ g, comparing the TS-1 each parameter of type molecular sieve has reduction. Entering the duct of TS-1 type molecular sieve after the starch carbonizing added, being coated on TS-1 type molecular sieve surface thus reducing the effective aperture of molecular sieve. The carbon of starch gained in the carbonized, based on amorphous carbon, is directly left in place, but the composite generated is compared with former TS-1 type molecular sieve, and framing structure change is little, and material controllability is relatively good.
By the conduction TS-1 type molecular sieves compound material of above-mentioned preparation, adding conductive agent conductive carbon black, binding agent Kynoar, ratio is 7:1.5:1.5, prepares into sodium-ion battery electrode. Further with to electrode NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2, electrolyte and barrier film group, it is assembled into sodium-ion battery. Prepared sodium-ion battery first circle coulombic efficiency under the electric current of 100mA/g is 61%, and capacity is 220mAh/g.
Claims (10)
1. a sodium ion battery electrode material, it is characterized in that, described electrode material includes electroconductive molecule sieve composite, described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is made up of molecular sieve and carbon molecular film, described carbon molecular film is made up of the presoma carbonization of carbon, all exist inside described electroconductive molecule sieve composite and molecular sieve and hold sodium hole, the effective aperture holding sodium hole of the effective aperture ratio molecular sieve holding sodium hole of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is little by 25��90%, and the effective aperture of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is 0.3��2nm.
2. sodium ion battery electrode material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the electric conductivity of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite is higher than the electric conductivity of molecular sieve by 102��109Times.
3. sodium ion battery electrode material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the specific surface area in described appearance sodium hole is 2��300m2/ g, the effective aperture in described appearance sodium hole is 0.3-0.6nm, and the pore volume in described appearance sodium hole is 0.0136��0.17cm3/ g, the sodium hole that holds of described electroconductive molecule sieve composite accounts for more than the 50��60% of material mesopore sum, and electrical conductivity is 1��103S/cm��
4. the sodium ion battery electrode material as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described molecular sieve includes one or more in zeolite molecular sieve, modified zeolite molecular sieve and carbon molecular sieve.
5. the sodium ion battery electrode material as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the presoma of described carbon includes one or more in the Organic substance of carbon containing, carbon containing macromolecular material and biomass.
6. a preparation method for the electrode material of sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 1, it comprises the steps:
The presoma of carbon is dissolved in solvent, obtains the precursor solution of carbon;
Molecular sieve is added in the precursor solution of carbon, mix homogeneously, obtain mixed solution;
The mixed solution of molecular sieve is dried, high temperature cabonization under inert gas shielding, be cooled to room temperature after carbonization and namely obtain electroconductive molecule sieve composite.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the presoma of described carbon and the mass ratio of molecular sieve are 1:2��4:1, and it is 10��20% that the presoma of described carbon and the quality summation of molecular sieve account for the mass percent of mixed solution.
8. a sodium-ion battery electrode, comprises battery electrode material as claimed in claim 1 and auxiliary element.
9. a sodium-ion battery, comprises the battery electrode described in claim 8, and described battery electrode is at least one party in positive pole and negative pole.
10. sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the first circle coulombic efficiency of described battery is more than 60%, the capacity after circulation 200 circle is more than 200mAh/g.
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CN201510991631.9A CN105633361B (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2015-12-25 | Sodium ion battery electrode material, its preparation method and battery |
JP2018532588A JP6663019B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-06 | Electrode material for sodium ion battery and method for producing the same |
PCT/CN2016/108631 WO2017107766A1 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-06 | Sodium ion battery electrode material and preparation method therefor |
KR1020187019250A KR102139318B1 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-12-06 | Sodium ion battery electrode material and manufacturing method thereof |
US16/017,957 US20180301714A1 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2018-06-25 | Battery electrode material of ionised sodium and preparation method thereof |
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CN113845105B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-09-01 | 深圳华算科技有限公司 | Potassium ion battery anode material, preparation method thereof and potassium ion battery |
WO2023138417A1 (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-07-27 | 玖贰伍碳源科技(天津)有限公司 | High-energy-density sodium-ion battery |
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