CN105602372A - 镁合金表面防护的高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镁合金表面防护的高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料及其制备方法。该复合涂料由纳米立方氮化硼颗粒和有机涂料组成，纳米立方氮化硼颗粒的质量百分比含量为1～20wt%。该复合涂料的配制方法是：首先将纳米立方氮化硼置于含分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散0.5～2h；然后将分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液加入到有机涂料中，机械搅拌均匀并超声波分散0.5～2h，即获得复合涂料；涂料配制完成后，在经过常规前处理的镁合金零件表面上采用常规喷涂方法涂装即可。使用本发明的复合涂料涂装获得的涂层具有高的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于镁合金表面处理技术领域，具体涉及一种镁合金表面防护用的高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
镁合金密度低，具有比强度和比刚度高、导热导电性能优良、阻尼减振和电磁屏蔽性好、易于加工成形和回收再生等优点，在路面交通工具、3C产品、手持工具、航空航天和国防军工等领域具有广阔的应用前景，是潜力巨大的轻量化材料，被誉为“21世纪的绿色材料”。
然而，镁合金标准电极电位极负（-2.36V），且在大气中经自然氧化后形成的氧化膜疏松多孔，基本不具备保护作用，耐腐蚀性能差。实际应用中，镁合金零部件多需要进行表面防护处理。目前较为成熟并有工程应用的镁合金表面防护处理技术主要包括：化学转化膜、化学及电镀、阳极氧化、微弧氧化、有机涂层等。
化学转化膜：化学转化法工艺较为成熟的是铬酸盐转换法和磷酸盐转换法。前者由于使用有毒有害的铬酸盐，目前很少使用；后者成本低，转化膜性能优良，但一般较薄，不能满足实际较为苛刻条件下镁合金的防腐和耐磨性要求，多作为后续处理的打底层。
化学镀及电镀：化学镀以镀镍为主，虽然所得镀层具有良好的力学性能、耐蚀性，但化学镀镍溶液的稳定性不高且工艺条件不易控制。一旦化学镀层破损或者存在缺陷，将发生严重的电偶腐蚀破坏。在镁合金表面直接电镀虽然镀层性能良好，但电镀工艺复杂，且经常发生漏镀问题。
阳极氧化：阳极氧化膜具有与金属基体结合力强、电绝缘性好、光学性能优良、耐热冲击、耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优点，然而镁合金阳极氧化膜层生长速度缓慢，膜层与基体的结合及性能比铝合金差，且电解液中一般含有有毒的络化合物及氟化物。
微弧氧化：微弧氧化膜具有孔隙率低、生成的膜与基结合紧密、质地坚硬、分布均匀、高的耐蚀性和耐磨性，但成本高，在工程应用中受到限制。
有机涂层：有机涂层具有工艺简单、成本低廉，显著提高耐腐蚀性能等优点，是目前普遍使用的镁合金表面防护处理方法；该方法可以单独使用，也可以与上述方法结合使用，即先对镁合金零部件进行化学转化膜、阳极氧化、微弧氧化、镀层处理，作为打底层，再用有机涂层进行涂装，防护效果更佳。目前常用的有机涂料有：环氧树脂、丙烯酸、有机硅、氟碳漆等，打底处理及涂装得当时，能够获得良好的防腐效果；但是，使用上述涂料制备的涂层硬度偏低，耐磨和抗划伤能力较弱，难以满足有摩擦、磕碰的服役要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服常规有机涂料的上述不足之处，提供一种镁合金表面防护的高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料及其制备方法。用该复合涂料获得的涂层具有较高的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，能够满足镁合金制件在苛刻环境中的防护要求。
为达到上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：
1.该复合涂料为在有机涂料中加入纳米立方氮化硼颗粒；所加入的纳米立方氮化硼颗粒的质量百分比为1～20wt%。
2.所加入的机涂料为环氧树脂、丙烯酸、有机硅、氟碳漆中的一种。
3.该复合涂料的制备方法为：（1）将纳米立方氮化硼置于含适量分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散0.5～2h；（2）将上述分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液加入到有机涂料中，机械搅拌均匀并超声波分散0.5～2h，即获得复合涂料。
本发明的优点和有益效果如下：
（1）通过本发明方法在镁合金构件表面喷涂复合涂料所形成的涂层，具有较高的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性；
（2）该复合涂料制备工艺简单，生产效率高，适合大规模生产和推广使用；
（3）本发明适用性较广，几乎适用于所有牌号的镁合金以及常用有机涂料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
材料准备：将AZ31镁合金切割打磨并经表面喷砂、机械抛光、化学除油等预处理。
复合涂料制备：先取5g纳米立方氮化硼置于10ml含适量六偏磷酸钠分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散0.5h，然后将分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液加入85g丙烯酸有机涂料中，机械搅拌并超声波分散0.5h，获得纳米立方氮化硼含量为5wt%的复合涂料。
复合涂料喷涂：采用空气喷涂方法进行常规喷涂，固化后获得完整的涂层。
本实施例应用上述复合涂料喷涂所得镁合金表面光滑，分散均匀。经测量其膜厚为40um，铅笔硬度试验测试硬度为5H，耐盐雾腐蚀最高可达700h。
实施例2
材料准备：将AM60镁合金切割打磨并经表面喷砂、机械抛光、化学除油等预处理。
复合涂料制备：先取10g纳米立方氮化硼置于10ml含适量十二烷基苯磺酸分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散1h，然后将分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液置于80g环氧树脂有机涂料中，机械搅拌均匀并超声波分散1h，获得纳米立方氮化硼含量为10wt%的复合涂料。
复合涂料喷涂：采用空气喷涂方法进行常规喷涂，固化后获得完整的涂层。
本实施例应用上述复合涂料喷涂所得镁合金表面质量优良。经测量其膜厚为50um，铅笔硬度试验测试硬度为6H，耐盐雾腐蚀最高可达900h。
实施例3
材料准备：将AZ91镁合金切割打磨并经表面喷砂、机械抛光、化学除油等预处理。
复合涂料制备：先取15g纳米立方氮化硼置于10ml含三乙醇胺分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散2h，然后将分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液置于75g氟碳漆有机涂料中，机械搅拌均匀并超声波分散2h，获得纳米立方氮化硼含量为15wt%的复合涂料。
复合涂料喷涂：采用空气喷涂方法进行常规喷涂，固化后获得完整的涂层。
本实施例应用上述复合涂料喷涂所得镁合金表面质量优良。经测量其膜厚为55um，铅笔硬度试验测试硬度为8H，耐盐雾腐蚀最高可达900h。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (3)
1.镁合金表面防护用高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料,其特征在于：在有机涂料中加入纳米立方氮化硼颗粒，所加入的纳米立方氮化硼颗粒的质量百分比为1～20wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镁合金表面防护用高硬度、耐腐蚀复合涂料,其特征在于：所述有机涂料为环氧树脂、丙烯酸、有机硅和氟碳漆中的一种。
3.镁合金表面防护用高硬度耐腐蚀复合涂料的制备方法，其特征在于：其制备步骤如下：
（1）将纳米立方氮化硼置于含适量分散剂的水溶液中，机械搅拌并超声波分散0.5～2h；
（2）将上述分散好的含纳米立方氮化硼的水溶液加入到有机涂料中，机械搅拌均匀并超声波分散0.5～2h，即获得复合涂料。
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| CN109810622A (zh) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-28 | 淮阴工学院 | 常温固化水性聚氨酯/氮化硼纳米复合涂料及其涂膜的制备方法 |
| CN110358408A (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-22 | 华北理工大学 | 一种cbn复合涂层和cbn复合涂层刀具及其制备方法和应用 |
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