CN105056706A - Methanol waste gas recycling system based on secondary absorption - Google Patents
Methanol waste gas recycling system based on secondary absorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于气体环保治理领域，也属于甲醇废气回收技术领域，发明涉及一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***，主要利用水作为吸收剂采用二级吸收法回收处理甲醇废气。The invention belongs to the field of gas environmental protection treatment, and also belongs to the technical field of methanol waste gas recovery. The invention relates to a methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption, which mainly uses water as an absorbent to recover and process methanol waste gas by a secondary absorption method.
背景技术Background technique
甲醇是一种无色透明、易燃易爆有毒有害的液体，当前社会，在医药、农药、染料、塑料、涂料及合成纤维等多个领域的有机化工产品的生产应用中，甲醇作为原料起到了非常重要的作用。但甲醇泄露时将会对大气、土壤、水体等造成严重污染，且在常温的环境条件下，甲醇极易挥发，挥发出的甲醇气体可经过呼吸道、胃肠道以及皮肤的吸收作用而引起中毒，对人类健康和动植物生长造成极大危害。Methanol is a colorless, transparent, flammable, explosive, poisonous and harmful liquid. In the current society, methanol is used as a raw material in the production and application of organic chemical products in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, dyes, plastics, coatings and synthetic fibers. played a very important role. However, when methanol leaks, it will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil, water, etc., and under normal temperature conditions, methanol is extremely volatile, and the volatilized methanol gas can be absorbed through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin to cause poisoning , causing great harm to human health and animal and plant growth.
本发明主要针对甲醇装车放空气过程中所产生的甲醇与空气混合气进行回收处理，以减少该混合气对大气环境造成的破坏，也可以避免火灾等安全隐患，同时还可以减少资源浪费，从而增加环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。The present invention mainly aims at recovering the mixed gas of methanol and air produced in the process of methanol loading and releasing air, so as to reduce the damage caused by the mixed gas to the atmospheric environment, avoid safety hazards such as fire, and reduce waste of resources at the same time. Thereby increasing environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
中国专利CN102153445A提出了一种将甲醇蒸汽与水蒸汽以过热蒸汽的形式通过排气管直接送入气相甲醇回收塔，通过再沸器加热提供热量，将经气相甲醇回收塔再热气化后的提纯甲醇回收储存的方法。中国专利CN101759524A提出一种甲醇回收提纯装置和工艺技术。这些方法成本较高，有火灾等危害，为减小安全隐患并达到低耗能、高回收率的效果，本发明提出了一种利用水作为吸收剂采用吸收法有效回收处理甲醇废气的处理方案。Chinese patent CN102153445A proposes a way to directly send methanol steam and water vapor into the gas phase methanol recovery tower through the exhaust pipe in the form of superheated steam, and provide heat through the reboiler heating, and purify the gas phase methanol recovery tower after reheating and gasifying Method for recovery and storage of methanol. Chinese patent CN101759524A proposes a methanol recovery and purification device and process technology. These methods are costly and have fire hazards. In order to reduce potential safety hazards and achieve the effects of low energy consumption and high recovery rate, the present invention proposes a treatment scheme that utilizes water as an absorbent and adopts absorption to effectively recycle and treat methanol waste gas. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的除了在于最大限度的降低甲醇在装车放空气时造成的损失，还可以在减少资源浪费的同时起到防止甲醇与空气混合造成的环境污染问题。采用吸收法，能耗较低，二级吸收后尾气可实现低浓度排放，且利用水作为吸收剂成本较低。In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is not only to minimize the loss of methanol when it is loaded into the vehicle, but also to prevent the environmental pollution caused by the mixture of methanol and air while reducing the waste of resources. Using the absorption method, the energy consumption is low, and the tail gas after the secondary absorption can achieve low-concentration emission, and the cost of using water as the absorbent is low.
现场来气(来自槽罐车或汽车槽车的甲醇气体与空气混合气)在风机的作用下，被引入集气管道中，进入第一吸收塔后，甲醇废气从吸收塔底部自下而上流动，同时，水由塔顶喷淋而下，甲醇气体在第一吸收塔内被水充分吸收，吸收作用完成后，剩余少量甲醇与空气混合气输送至第二吸收塔，在第二吸收塔内被水再次吸收，被吸收后的低浓度尾气排放至外界大气，吸收甲醇后的水由吸收塔底部输送至业主水处理。The on-site gas (mixture of methanol gas and air from tank trucks or automobile tank trucks) is introduced into the gas collection pipeline under the action of the fan, and after entering the first absorption tower, the methanol waste gas flows from the bottom of the absorption tower from bottom to top. At the same time, water is sprayed down from the top of the tower, and the methanol gas is fully absorbed by water in the first absorption tower. After the absorption is completed, the remaining small amount of methanol and air mixed gas is sent to the second absorption tower, where it is absorbed into the second absorption tower. The water is absorbed again, and the absorbed low-concentration tail gas is discharged to the outside atmosphere, and the water after absorbing methanol is transported from the bottom of the absorption tower to the owner's water treatment.
(1)本发明的技术方案具体如下：(1) technical scheme of the present invention is specifically as follows:
一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***主要包括：阻火器、压力传感器、温度传感器、控制阀、风机、流量计、球阀、液位计、水泵、第一吸收塔、第二吸收塔、自吸式浓度取气口以及管道等设备。A methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption mainly includes: flame arrester, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, control valve, fan, flow meter, ball valve, liquid level gauge, water pump, first absorption tower, second absorption tower, automatic Suction concentration gas intake port and pipelines and other equipment.
①所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的风机为变频防爆风机，由来气压力的大小，通过进气压力传感器来变频控制。① The fan of the methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption is a variable frequency explosion-proof fan, and the pressure of the incoming air is controlled by frequency conversion through an intake pressure sensor.
②所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的流量计包括气体流量计和液体流量计。② The flowmeter of the secondary absorption-based methanol waste gas recovery system includes a gas flowmeter and a liquid flowmeter.
进一步，所述的气体流量计和液体流量计分别记录甲醇废气来气和水的体积流量与累积体积流量。Further, the gas flowmeter and the liquid flowmeter respectively record the volume flow and cumulative volume flow of methanol exhaust gas and water.
③所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的水泵为变频防爆水泵。③ The water pump of the methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption is a frequency conversion explosion-proof water pump.
④所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔可分为逐级接触式吸收塔(板式塔)和连续接触式吸收塔(填料塔)，且沿第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔的主体上分别分布着液位计、压力传感器和温度传感器等。4. the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower of a kind of methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption can be divided into step-by-step contact absorption towers (plate towers) and continuous contact absorption towers (packed towers), and Liquid level gauges, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, etc. are respectively distributed along the main body of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔高度根据处理量而定，一般第一吸收塔高度可设计为1m～17m，直径为0.5m～2.5m，第二吸收塔高度可设计为1m～10m，直径为0.5m～2m。Further, the heights of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower are determined according to the processing capacity. Generally, the height of the first absorption tower can be designed as 1m to 17m, and the diameter is 0.5m to 2.5m. The height of the second absorption tower can be designed as 1m~10m, diameter 0.5m~2m.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔内吸收剂为水。Further, the absorbent in the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower is water.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔内水的流量为1t/h～12t/h，所述的第二吸收塔内水的流量为1t/h～8t/h。Further, the flow rate of water in the first absorption tower is 1t/h-12t/h, and the flow rate of water in the second absorption tower is 1t/h-8t/h.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔液位分别由液位计控制变频防爆水泵来保持稳定。Further, the liquid levels of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower are kept stable by controlling the frequency conversion explosion-proof water pumps respectively by liquid level gauges.
甲醇废气通过上述二级吸收回收***，可以实现甲醇废气低浓度排放。Methanol waste gas passes through the above-mentioned secondary absorption and recovery system, which can realize low-concentration discharge of methanol waste gas.
(2)一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***连接方式(2) A connection method of methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption
①现场来气管道与风机入口连接，风机出口与第一吸收塔底部进气口连接。①The on-site gas pipeline is connected to the inlet of the fan, and the outlet of the fan is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the first absorption tower.
②第一吸收塔顶部出气口与第二吸收塔底部进气口连接。②The air outlet at the top of the first absorption tower is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the second absorption tower.
③现场来气管道、第一吸收塔顶部出气口和第二吸收塔顶部出气口与尾气放空管道连接。③The on-site gas pipeline, the gas outlet at the top of the first absorption tower and the gas outlet at the top of the second absorption tower are connected to the tail gas venting pipeline.
④来水与第一吸收塔、第二吸收塔顶部进液口连接。④ The incoming water is connected to the liquid inlet at the top of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower.
⑤第一吸收塔、第二吸收塔底部出液口分别与水泵入口连接。⑤ The liquid outlets at the bottom of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower are respectively connected to the inlet of the water pump.
(3)一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的回收方式(3) A recycling method based on secondary absorption methanol waste gas recovery system
①现场来气(来自槽罐车或汽车槽车装车放空等过程产生的甲醇-空气混合气，气体流量为50Nm3/h～1500Nm3/h，气体温度为常温(环境温度)，混合气体甲醇浓度为0.05～500g/m3)在风机的作用下，经过阻火器、压力传感器、温度传感器、控制阀、流量计，从第一吸收塔主体下的进气口进入第一吸收塔，甲醇废气从第一吸收塔底部自下而上流动，同时，来水从第一吸收塔顶部进液口进入第一吸收塔内，水由塔顶喷淋而下，大部分的甲醇蒸气在第一吸收塔内被水充分吸收。① On-site gas (from the methanol-air mixture produced during the process of loading and emptying tank cars or automobile tank cars, the gas flow rate is 50Nm 3 /h ~ 1500Nm 3 /h, the gas temperature is normal temperature (ambient temperature), the mixed gas methanol Concentration is 0.05～500g/m 3 ) Under the action of the fan, through the flame arrester, pressure sensor, temperature sensor, control valve, flow meter, enter the first absorption tower from the air inlet under the main body of the first absorption tower, methanol waste gas It flows from bottom to top of the first absorption tower. At the same time, incoming water enters the first absorption tower from the liquid inlet at the top of the first absorption tower. The water is sprayed down from the top of the tower. Most of the methanol vapor is The tower is fully absorbed by water.
②从第一吸收塔顶部出来的含少量甲醇蒸气和少量水蒸气的尾气经过压力传感器、温度传感器、自吸式浓度取气口、控制阀，进入第二吸收塔，混合气从第二吸收塔底部自下而上流动，同时，来水从第二吸收塔顶部进液口进入第二吸收塔内，由塔顶喷淋而下，甲醇蒸气在第二吸收塔内基本被水吸收完全。②The tail gas containing a small amount of methanol vapor and a small amount of water vapor from the top of the first absorption tower enters the second absorption tower through the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, self-priming concentration gas inlet and control valve, and the mixed gas flows from the bottom of the second absorption tower Flowing from bottom to top, at the same time, incoming water enters the second absorption tower from the liquid inlet at the top of the second absorption tower, sprays down from the top of the tower, and the methanol vapor is basically completely absorbed by water in the second absorption tower.
③从第二吸收塔顶部出来的低浓度尾气(空气)经过温度传感器、压力传感器、自吸式浓度取气口、控制阀、阻火器，进入尾气放空管线排入大气。③The low-concentration tail gas (air) from the top of the second absorption tower passes through the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, self-priming concentration gas inlet, control valve, flame arrester, enters the tail gas venting pipeline and is discharged into the atmosphere.
④从第一吸收塔和第二吸收塔底部出液口出来的吸收甲醇后的水，分别由水泵输送至业主水处理。④The methanol-absorbed water coming out of the outlets at the bottom of the first absorption tower and the second absorption tower is transported by water pumps to the owner's water treatment.
(4)本发明技术优点(4) technical advantage of the present invention
①本发明采用吸收法对甲醇废气进行回收，过程安全且能耗较低。① The present invention adopts the absorption method to recover methanol waste gas, which is safe in process and low in energy consumption.
②本发明采用二级吸收，吸收后的尾气可实现低浓度排放。②The present invention adopts two-stage absorption, and the tail gas after absorption can realize low-concentration emission.
③本发明采用水作为吸收剂，来源较广、成本较低。③ The present invention adopts water as absorbent, which has wide sources and low cost.
④本发明设多处浓度取气口，能监测气体浓度。④ The present invention is equipped with multiple concentration gas intake ports, which can monitor the gas concentration.
⑤本发明风机、水泵等设备均采用变频控制，不会造成能耗降低。⑤ The fans, water pumps and other equipment of the present invention are all controlled by frequency conversion, which will not reduce energy consumption.
⑥本发明能够即开即用也能连续地进行回收工作。⑥ The present invention can be used immediately after being turned on and can also carry out recycling work continuously.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***工艺流程图。Accompanying drawing 1 is a process flow diagram of a methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption.
附图标记列示如下：The reference signs are listed as follows:
1、39—阻火器，2、6、18、30—压力传感器，3、7、21、34—温度传感器，4、13、14、15、17、19、23、24、27、28、32—控制阀，5—风机，8—气体流量计，9、11、35、37—球阀，10、36—液位计，12、26—水泵，16、25、29—液体流量计，22—第一吸收塔，31—第二吸收塔，20、33、38—自吸式浓度取气口。1, 39—flame arrester, 2, 6, 18, 30—pressure sensor, 3, 7, 21, 34—temperature sensor, 4, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 27, 28, 32 —control valve, 5—fan, 8—gas flow meter, 9, 11, 35, 37—ball valve, 10, 36—liquid level gauge, 12, 26—water pump, 16, 25, 29—liquid flow meter, 22— The first absorption tower, 31—the second absorption tower, 20, 33, 38—self-priming concentration gas intake port.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图1对本发明的实施例做出具体说明，但本发明不受实施例的限制：Embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, but the present invention is not limited by embodiment:
现场来气(主要来自槽罐车或汽车槽车装车放空时所产生的甲醇与空气混合气，气体流量为1000Nm3/h，气体温度为常温)，要求回收处理，通过本发明技术方案并结合附图1进行详细说明。On-site incoming gas (mainly from the methanol and air mixture produced when tank trucks or automobile tank trucks are loaded and emptied, the gas flow rate is 1000Nm 3 /h, and the gas temperature is normal temperature), requires recovery and treatment, through the technical proposal of the present invention and combined Accompanying drawing 1 explains in detail.
(1)一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***主要包括：阻火器1、39，压力传感器2、6、18、30，温度传感器3、7、21、34，控制阀4、13、14、15、17、19、23、24、27、28、32，风机5，气体流量计8，球阀9、11、35、37，液位计10、36，水泵12、26，液体流量计16、25、29，第一吸收塔22，第二吸收塔31，自吸式浓度取气口20、33、38以及管道等设备。(1) A methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption mainly includes: flame arresters 1, 39, pressure sensors 2, 6, 18, 30, temperature sensors 3, 7, 21, 34, control valves 4, 13, 14 , 15, 17, 19, 23, 24, 27, 28, 32, fan 5, gas flow meter 8, ball valve 9, 11, 35, 37, liquid level gauge 10, 36, water pump 12, 26, liquid flow meter 16 , 25, 29, the first absorption tower 22, the second absorption tower 31, self-priming concentration gas intake ports 20, 33, 38 and pipelines and other equipment.
①所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的风机5为变频防爆风机，由来气压力的大小，通过进气压力传感器2来变频控制。① The fan 5 of the methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption is a frequency conversion explosion-proof fan, and the size of the incoming air pressure is controlled by frequency conversion through the intake pressure sensor 2 .
②所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的流量计包括气体流量计8和液体流量计16、25、29。② The flow meter of the secondary absorption-based methanol waste gas recovery system includes a gas flow meter 8 and a liquid flow meter 16, 25, 29.
进一步，所述的气体流量计8和液体流量计16、25、29分别记录甲醇废气来气和水的体积流量与累积体积流量。Further, the gas flowmeter 8 and the liquid flowmeters 16, 25, 29 respectively record the volume flow and cumulative volume flow of methanol exhaust gas and water.
③所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的水泵12、26为变频防爆水泵。③ The water pumps 12 and 26 of the methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption are frequency conversion explosion-proof water pumps.
④所述的一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31均为连续接触式吸收塔(填料塔)，且沿第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31的主体上分别分布着液位计10、36，压力传感器18、30和温度传感器21、34等。4. the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 of a kind of methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption are continuous contact absorption towers (packed towers), and along the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower Liquid level gauges 10, 36, pressure sensors 18, 30, temperature sensors 21, 34, etc. are respectively distributed on the main body of the tower 31.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31高度根据处理量而定，一般第一吸收塔22高度可设计为12m，直径为2m，第二吸收塔31高度可设计为8m，直径为1.5m。Further, the height of the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 is determined according to the processing capacity. Generally, the height of the first absorption tower 22 can be designed as 12m, and the diameter is 2m, and the height of the second absorption tower 31 can be designed as 8m. The diameter is 1.5m.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31内吸收剂均为水。Further, the absorbents in the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 are both water.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔22内水的流量为6t/h，所述的第二吸收塔31内水的流量为3t/h。Further, the flow rate of water in the first absorption tower 22 is 6t/h, and the flow rate of water in the second absorption tower 31 is 3t/h.
进一步，所述的第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31液位分别由液位计10、36控制变频防爆水泵12、26来保持稳定。Further, the liquid levels of the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 are controlled by the liquid level gauges 10, 36 to control the frequency conversion explosion-proof water pumps 12, 26 to keep stable.
甲醇废气通过上述二级吸收回收***，可以实现甲醇废气低浓度排放。Methanol waste gas passes through the above-mentioned secondary absorption and recovery system, which can realize low-concentration discharge of methanol waste gas.
(2)一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***连接方式(2) A connection method of methanol waste gas recovery system based on secondary absorption
①现场来气管道与风机5入口连接，风机5出口与第一吸收塔22底部进气口连接。① The on-site gas pipeline is connected to the inlet of the fan 5, and the outlet of the fan 5 is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the first absorption tower 22.
②第一吸收塔22顶部出气口与第二吸收塔31底部进气口连接。②The air outlet at the top of the first absorption tower 22 is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the second absorption tower 31 .
③现场来气管道、第一吸收塔22顶部出气口和第二吸收塔31顶部出气口与尾气放空管道连接。③The on-site gas pipeline, the gas outlet at the top of the first absorption tower 22 and the gas outlet at the top of the second absorption tower 31 are connected to the tail gas venting pipeline.
④来水与第一吸收塔22、第二吸收塔31顶部进液口连接。④ The incoming water is connected to the top liquid inlets of the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 .
⑤第一吸收塔22、第二吸收塔31底部出液口分别与水泵12、26入口连接。⑤ The liquid outlets at the bottom of the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 are respectively connected to the inlets of the water pumps 12 and 26 .
(3)一种基于二级吸收的甲醇废气回收***的回收方式(3) A recycling method based on secondary absorption methanol waste gas recovery system
①现场来气(主要来自槽罐车或汽车槽车装车放空时所产生的甲醇与空气混合气，气体流量为1000Nm3/h，气体温度为常温)在风机5的作用下，经过阻火器1、压力传感器2、温度传感器3、控制阀4、流量计8，从第一吸收塔22主体下的进气口进入第一吸收塔22，甲醇废气从第一吸收塔22底部自下而上流动，同时，来水从第一吸收塔22顶部进液口进入第一吸收塔22内，水由塔顶喷淋而下，大部分的甲醇蒸气在第一吸收塔22内被水充分吸收。① On-site incoming gas (mainly from the mixed gas of methanol and air produced when the tank truck or automobile tank truck is loaded and emptied, the gas flow rate is 1000Nm 3 /h, and the gas temperature is normal temperature) under the action of the fan 5, it passes through the flame arrester 1 , pressure sensor 2, temperature sensor 3, control valve 4, flow meter 8, enter the first absorption tower 22 from the air inlet under the main body of the first absorption tower 22, and methanol waste gas flows from the bottom of the first absorption tower 22 from bottom to top , at the same time, incoming water enters in the first absorption tower 22 from the liquid inlet at the top of the first absorption tower 22, water is sprayed down from the top of the tower, and most of the methanol vapor is fully absorbed by water in the first absorption tower 22.
②从第一吸收塔22顶部出来的含少量甲醇蒸气和少量水蒸气的尾气经过压力传感器18、温度传感器21、自吸式浓度取气口20、控制阀23，进入第二吸收塔31，混合气从第二吸收塔31底部自下而上流动，同时，来水从第二吸收塔31顶部进液口进入第二吸收塔31内，由塔顶喷淋而下，甲醇蒸气在第二吸收塔31内基本被水吸收完全。②The tail gas containing a small amount of methanol vapor and a small amount of water vapor from the top of the first absorption tower 22 passes through the pressure sensor 18, temperature sensor 21, self-priming concentration gas intake port 20, and control valve 23, and enters the second absorption tower 31, and the mixed gas Flow from the bottom of the second absorption tower 31 from bottom to top, at the same time, the incoming water enters the second absorption tower 31 from the liquid inlet at the top of the second absorption tower 31, and is sprayed down from the top of the tower, and the methanol vapor flows in the second absorption tower. 31 is basically completely absorbed by water.
③从第二吸收塔31顶部出来的低浓度尾气(空气)经过温度传感器34、压力传感器30、自吸式浓度取气口33、控制阀32、阻火器39，进入尾气放空管线排入大气。③The low-concentration tail gas (air) coming out from the top of the second absorption tower 31 passes through the temperature sensor 34, the pressure sensor 30, the self-priming concentration gas intake port 33, the control valve 32, and the flame arrester 39, and then enters the tail gas venting pipeline and is discharged into the atmosphere.
④从第一吸收塔22和第二吸收塔31底部出液口出来的吸收甲醇后的水，分别由水泵12、26输送至业主水处理。④The methanol-absorbed water coming out of the outlets at the bottom of the first absorption tower 22 and the second absorption tower 31 is transported to the proprietor for water treatment by water pumps 12 and 26 respectively.
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