CN104748280B - A kind of LNG Power Vessels air conditioner refrigerating/heating system - Google Patents
A kind of LNG Power Vessels air conditioner refrigerating/heating system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***，包括LNG汽化回路，冰蓄冷循环回路，热回收回路以及海水回路。夏季时，利用两级冷媒冷能传递的方式，将LNG动力船舶运行时LNG汽化产生的冷能回收并储存在蓄冷蓄热装置中，作为空调***的冷源，满足船舶舱室供冷需求；冬季时，将汽化后的LNG进入船舶主机动力***燃烧后产生的大量余热回收利用，作为空调***的热源，满足船舶舱室供暖需求。本发明利用LNG汽化时产生的冷量及燃烧时释放的热量作为空调***的冷热源，不仅解决了船舶舱室的冷热需求，节省了船舶空调***制冷机组的大量投资，同时也解决了LNG汽化量和用冷/热量不匹配，汽化时间与用冷/热时间不同步的技术瓶颈。
The invention discloses an air-conditioning refrigeration/heat supply system for an LNG powered ship, which comprises an LNG vaporization circuit, an ice cold storage circulation circuit, a heat recovery circuit and a seawater circuit. In summer, the cold energy generated by the vaporization of LNG during the operation of LNG-powered ships is recovered and stored in the cold storage device by using the two-stage refrigerant cold energy transfer method, which is used as the cold source of the air-conditioning system to meet the cooling demand of the ship's cabin; in winter When the vaporized LNG enters the main engine power system of the ship, a large amount of waste heat generated after combustion is recovered and used as the heat source of the air conditioning system to meet the heating demand of the ship's cabin. The present invention utilizes the cooling generated during LNG vaporization and the heat released during combustion as the cold and heat sources of the air conditioning system, which not only solves the cooling and heating needs of the ship's cabin, saves a large amount of investment in the refrigeration unit of the ship's air conditioning system, but also solves the problem of LNG The technical bottleneck is that the amount of vaporization does not match the cold/heat usage, and the vaporization time is not synchronized with the cold/heat usage time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***，具体是以更低的成本获得高效节能、绿色环保的空调制冷/供暖***，特别是涉及一种充分利用冰蓄冷回收LNG动力船运行时，LNG在汽化过程中产生大量的冷量作为船舶空调***的冷源，以及汽化后的LNG燃烧时产生的大量余热作为船舶空调***热源的LNG动力船空调制冷及供热***，属于空调工程技术领域。The invention relates to an air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system of an LNG powered ship, in particular to obtain a high-efficiency, energy-saving, green and environment-friendly air-conditioned refrigeration/heating system at a lower cost, in particular to a system that fully utilizes ice storage to recover LNG-powered ships during operation , LNG produces a large amount of cold energy during the vaporization process as the cooling source of the ship's air-conditioning system, and the large amount of waste heat generated when the vaporized LNG is burned as the heat source of the ship's air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning refrigeration and heating system of LNG-powered ships belongs to air-conditioning engineering technology field.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济全球一体化的快速发展，船舶行业生机盎然，但是随着船舶行业的快速发展，随之而来的就是海洋环境的不断恶化。目前，船舶主要用柴油作为燃料，其主要成分为碳氢化合物以及其他一些元素，燃烧过程中排放大量的二氧化碳、硫化物和粉尘，无疑对海洋环境造成了巨大的破坏。因此减少气体中的有害气体排放已经成为改善环境污染的关键问题。以LNG作为燃料的动力船是未来船舶发展的大势所趋，目前以LNG为主要燃料的动力船，主要采用海水作为热源与-163℃的LNG进行热交换将其汽化。LNG释放的大量的高品位冷能直接被海水带走，造成了能源的极大浪费。吸收了LNG汽化后产生大量冷能的低温海水直接排入海中，使得附近海域受到严重的冷污染。With the rapid development of economic globalization, the shipbuilding industry is full of vitality, but with the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry, the marine environment is constantly deteriorating. At present, ships mainly use diesel oil as fuel, and its main components are hydrocarbons and some other elements. During the combustion process, a large amount of carbon dioxide, sulfide and dust are emitted, which undoubtedly causes great damage to the marine environment. Therefore, reducing harmful gas emissions in gas has become a key issue in improving environmental pollution. The power ship using LNG as fuel is the general trend of future ship development. At present, the power ship using LNG as the main fuel mainly uses seawater as a heat source to exchange heat with LNG at -163°C to vaporize it. A large amount of high-grade cold energy released by LNG is directly taken away by seawater, resulting in a great waste of energy. The low-temperature seawater that absorbs the vaporization of LNG and produces a large amount of cold energy is directly discharged into the sea, causing serious cold pollution to nearby sea areas.
航行于海域上的船舶是一个独立的海上移动建筑，其经常航行在不同的海域，温差变化比较大，为了保证船员与乘客的热舒适性要求，空调***是船舶***必不可少的组成部分。A ship sailing in the sea is an independent offshore mobile building. It often sails in different sea areas, and the temperature difference varies greatly. In order to ensure the thermal comfort requirements of the crew and passengers, the air conditioning system is an essential part of the ship system.
目前，船舶用空调***基本上使用常规风冷或水冷***。申请号为201310454497.X的专利公开了一种LNG动力船的空调***，该***主要由膨胀水箱、进水管路、若干个舱室风机盘管、出水管路、负荷调节换热器、冷媒水泵、水浴式汽化器组成，它利用水浴室汽化器将LNG进行汽化，并将释放的冷量进行吸收和利用，该***虽利用LNG汽化所释放的冷量，但该***中直接使用淡水作为载冷剂，在汽水换热器中与LNG进行热交换，由于LNG汽化时热交换温差能达到170～200℃，可能使得进行热交换的冷媒水吸收过多冷量从而结冰，使得整个***无法正常运行，同时该***中LNG的汽化量必须与空调制冷量严格匹配，尤其当船舶在制冷量较小而船舶动力需求较多NG时，该***将不能满足船舶的正常运行时所需的LNG汽化量。At present, air-conditioning systems for ships basically use conventional air-cooled or water-cooled systems. The patent with the application number 201310454497.X discloses an air conditioning system for LNG-powered ships. It is composed of a water bath vaporizer, which uses the water bath vaporizer to vaporize LNG, and absorbs and utilizes the released cold energy. Although this system uses the cold energy released by LNG vaporization, fresh water is directly used as the refrigerant in the system. In the heat exchange with LNG in the steam-water heat exchanger, since the heat exchange temperature difference can reach 170-200°C when LNG is vaporized, the refrigerant water for heat exchange may absorb too much cold energy and freeze, making the whole system unable to operate normally. At the same time, the vaporization capacity of LNG in the system must be strictly matched with the refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner, especially when the ship has a small cooling capacity and a large power demand of NG, the system will not be able to meet the LNG vaporization capacity required for the normal operation of the ship.
申请号为201420183474.X的专利公开了一种LNG动力船的LNG冷能利用装置，该***主要由储存有液化天然气的燃料罐，燃料罐上的天然气输出管道依次经过第一热交换器和第二热交换器后与发动机的燃气输入口连接，第一热交换器、第一热媒储存箱、冷能释放装置通过管道依次头尾连接构成第一冷能利用回路，第二热交换器、发动机排气管冷却水套、第二热媒储存箱通过管道依次头尾连接构成第二冷能释放回路，第一冷能利用回路和第二冷能释放回路中各设有用以流动回路中热媒的循环泵等组成，虽然该***利用两级冷量回收的模式对LNG释放的冷量进行回收，能充分吸收LNG的释放的冷量。但该***在冷量利用上存在很大缺陷，它将在一级换热器中所吸收的冷量利用于冷藏室中，由于冷藏室初次运行和持续运行所需冷量具有较大差异，该***中的冷藏室需冷量与LNG汽化时的释放量存在着较大差异，产生了释冷量与需冷量严重的不匹配，致使LNG汽化量不足，影响船舶动力***正常运行时对LNG汽化量的需求；该二级冷量回收***中，将吸收的冷量用于冷却船舶动力装置中升温后的缸套水。在现有许多技术中，对于船舶发动机冷却缸套水余热的回收利用很多，该***将从LNG中释放的冷量用于冷却缸套水，显然不经济环保，不仅浪费了LNG释放的冷量，也浪费了冷却缸套水中的热量。The patent application number 201420183474.X discloses a LNG cold energy utilization device for LNG-powered ships. The system mainly consists of a fuel tank storing liquefied natural gas. The natural gas output pipeline on the fuel tank passes through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in sequence. The second heat exchanger is then connected to the gas input port of the engine, the first heat exchanger, the first heat medium storage tank, and the cold energy release device are connected head to tail through pipelines to form the first cold energy utilization circuit, the second heat exchanger, The engine exhaust pipe cooling water jacket and the second heat medium storage tank are connected head to tail through pipes to form the second cold energy release circuit. The first cold energy utilization circuit and the second cold energy release circuit are respectively equipped with heat transfer circuits for the flow of heat in the circuit. Although the system uses a two-stage cooling recovery mode to recover the cooling capacity released by LNG, it can fully absorb the cooling capacity released by LNG. However, this system has great defects in the utilization of cooling capacity. It utilizes the cooling capacity absorbed in the first-stage heat exchanger in the refrigerator room. Since the cooling capacity required for the initial operation and continuous operation of the refrigerator room is quite different, In this system, there is a large difference between the required cooling capacity of the refrigerated room and the release amount of LNG during vaporization, resulting in a serious mismatch between the released cooling capacity and the required cooling capacity, resulting in insufficient LNG vaporization, which affects the normal operation of the ship power system. LNG vaporization demand; in this secondary cold energy recovery system, the absorbed cold energy is used to cool the heated cylinder jacket water in the ship power plant. In many existing technologies, there is a lot of recovery and utilization of waste heat from cooling cylinder jacket water of marine engines. This system uses the cooling energy released from LNG to cool cylinder jacket water, which is obviously not economical and environmentally friendly, and not only wastes the cooling energy released by LNG , also wasted the heat in the cooling cylinder jacket water.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是针对上述现有技术的缺陷和问题，通过合理利用LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化时释放的冷能以及LNG燃烧时释放的热量，提供一种船舶空调***满足船舶舱室的供冷、供热需求，以降低船舶空调***的能源消耗，提升船舶整体运营的经济性和环保性。The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects and problems of the above-mentioned prior art, by rationally utilizing the cold energy released when LNG vaporizes in LNG-powered ships and the heat released when LNG is burned, to provide a ship air-conditioning system that meets the cooling and supply requirements of ship cabins. Heat demand, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the ship's air conditioning system, and improve the economy and environmental protection of the ship's overall operation.
本发明是将LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化或燃烧产生的大量能量和船舶空调***制冷与供热进行有机整合，利用LNG汽化时释放的大量冷能，作为船舶空调***的冷源，满足船舶供冷需求。利用LNG燃烧产生大量的余热作为空调***热源，满足船舶空调***供热需求。以达到能源利用效率的最优化。本发明中采用冰蓄冷空调蓄冷方式，冰蓄冷利用水的相变潜热进行冷量的储存，除可以利用一定温差的显热外，主要利用的是冰与水在0℃进行相变时的潜热，与水蓄冷相比，冰蓄冷空调的蓄冷能力提高10倍以上，并可使蓄冷槽体积减少80％左右。这样一方面满足了船舶动力以及空间要求，在减少对海洋环境污染的同时也降低了LNG使用的汽化成本，为LNG动力船的广泛应用起到了积极的推动作用。另一方面也解决了船舶空调的制热需求，进一步提升船舶空调节能效率。节约了空调***运行时所消耗的巨额电能，很大程度提高了船舶的经济性和环保性。The invention organically integrates a large amount of energy generated by LNG vaporization or combustion in LNG-powered ships with the cooling and heating of the ship's air-conditioning system, and utilizes the large amount of cold energy released during LNG vaporization as the cold source of the ship's air-conditioning system to meet the ship's cooling requirements. need. A large amount of waste heat generated by LNG combustion is used as the heat source of the air-conditioning system to meet the heating demand of the ship's air-conditioning system. In order to achieve the optimization of energy utilization efficiency. In the present invention, the ice storage air-conditioning cold storage method is adopted, and the ice storage utilizes the latent heat of phase change of water to store cold energy. In addition to the sensible heat with a certain temperature difference, the main use is the latent heat when ice and water undergo phase transition at 0°C , Compared with water cold storage, the cold storage capacity of the ice storage air conditioner is increased by more than 10 times, and the volume of the cold storage tank can be reduced by about 80%. In this way, on the one hand, it meets the power and space requirements of the ship, reduces the pollution to the marine environment, and also reduces the vaporization cost of LNG, which plays a positive role in promoting the wide application of LNG-powered ships. On the other hand, it also solves the heating demand of the ship's air conditioner, and further improves the energy saving efficiency of the ship's air conditioner. It saves a huge amount of electric energy consumed by the air-conditioning system, and greatly improves the economy and environmental protection of the ship.
本发明利用冰蓄冷空调的方式，解决了LNG汽化量与空调需冷量不匹配，LNG汽化时间与用冷时间不同步的问题，当空调***所需冷量较少时，则利用蓄冰槽贮存LNG汽化时产生的多余的冷量，保证船舶正常运行时所需的LNG汽化量；本发明还利用水蓄热的方式回收LNG燃烧时释放的余热，满足船舶空调的供热需求，实现LNG动力船的能量高效利用。The invention uses ice storage air conditioner to solve the problem that the vaporization amount of LNG does not match the cooling capacity required by the air conditioner, and the LNG vaporization time is not synchronized with the cooling time. When the cooling capacity required by the air conditioning system is small, the ice storage tank is used Store the excess cold generated during LNG vaporization to ensure the amount of LNG vaporization required for the normal operation of the ship; the invention also uses water heat storage to recover the waste heat released during LNG combustion to meet the heating demand of the ship's air conditioner and realize LNG Energy efficient use of power boats.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***，由LNG汽化回路，冰蓄冷循环回路，热回收回路以及海水回路构成。其中所述LNG汽化回路依次由LNG储液罐1、第一电控阀2，第一换热器3的进口b、出口a，第二电控阀4，船舶主机动力***5通过管连接构成；所述冰蓄冷循环回路依次由第一换热器3出口c，第一冷媒储存罐6，第一冷媒泵7，第二换热器8的进口f、出口e，阀门9通过管连接第一换热器3进口d构成第一冷媒循环；依次由第二换热器8出口g，第二冷媒储存罐10，第二冷媒泵11，第一电动三通阀13，设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷媒盘管19，第二电动三通阀14通过管连接第二换热器8进口h构成第二冷媒循环；设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷水盘管20中的水与冷媒盘管19中的第二冷媒通过介质换热后利用管道与船舶舱室连接构成冰蓄冷循环回路；所述热回收回路依次由船舶主机动力***5，第三电控阀15，循环泵16以及设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的热水盘管17通过管连接构成；所述海水回路依次由第一电动三通阀13，第三换热器12的进口p、出口m以及第三电动三通阀14通过管连接构成。An air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system for an LNG-powered ship is composed of an LNG vaporization circuit, an ice cold storage circulation circuit, a heat recovery circuit and a seawater circuit. The LNG vaporization circuit is sequentially composed of an LNG liquid storage tank 1, a first electric control valve 2, an inlet b and an outlet a of the first heat exchanger 3, a second electric control valve 4, and a ship main engine power system 5 connected by pipes. ; The ice cold storage circulation loop is sequentially connected by the first heat exchanger 3 outlet c, the first refrigerant storage tank 6, the first refrigerant pump 7, the inlet f and the outlet e of the second heat exchanger 8, and the valve 9 is connected to the first The inlet d of a heat exchanger 3 constitutes the first refrigerant cycle; the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8, the second refrigerant storage tank 10, the second refrigerant pump 11, and the first electric three-way valve 13 are arranged in the heat storage The refrigerant coil 19 in the device 18 and the second electric three-way valve 14 are connected to the inlet h of the second heat exchanger 8 through a pipe to form a second refrigerant cycle; The second refrigerant in the refrigerant coil 19 passes through the medium for heat exchange and then uses pipelines to connect with the cabin of the ship to form an ice storage cycle; The hot water coil 17 arranged in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 is formed by connecting pipes; the seawater circuit is sequentially composed of the first electric three-way valve 13, the inlet p, the outlet m of the third heat exchanger 12 and the third electric three-way valve. The through valve 14 is formed by pipe connection.
上述所述的蓄冷蓄热装置18还连接有若干空调用户。所述的第三换热器12还设置有海水进口o和海水出口n。The above-mentioned cold and heat storage device 18 is also connected with several air-conditioning users. The third heat exchanger 12 is also provided with a seawater inlet o and a seawater outlet n.
上述所述的第一冷媒为相变冷媒。所述的相变冷媒优选为R134a或R404a中的任一种。The above-mentioned first refrigerant is a phase-change refrigerant. The phase change refrigerant is preferably any one of R134a or R404a.
上述所述的第二冷媒为无相变冷媒，如盐水溶液或乙二醇水溶液。所述的无相变冷媒优选为盐水溶液或乙二醇水溶液中的任一种。The second refrigerant mentioned above is a non-phase-change refrigerant, such as brine solution or ethylene glycol solution. The non-phase-change refrigerant is preferably any one of brine solution or ethylene glycol solution.
本发明中所需第一冷媒是与LNG直接换热，因此第一冷媒的凝固点不能太高，否则在换热过程中，第一冷媒容易凝固并且阻塞管道。另外，为了尽可能多的回收LNG的冷能，应选择相变冷媒作为第一冷媒，比如R134a，R404a，根据实际运行情况，也可选择其他冷媒。The first refrigerant required in the present invention is to directly exchange heat with LNG, so the freezing point of the first refrigerant should not be too high, otherwise, the first refrigerant is likely to freeze and block the pipeline during the heat exchange process. In addition, in order to recover the cold energy of LNG as much as possible, the phase change refrigerant should be selected as the first refrigerant, such as R134a, R404a, and other refrigerants can also be selected according to the actual operating conditions.
本发明中所需的第二冷媒主要是接受第一冷媒传递来的冷量，夏季与冰蓄冷空调中的蓄冷介质进行换热，将冷量储存在冰蓄冷空调中的冰水中，冬季直接与海水换热。因此对第二冷媒的要求不是很高，可采用无相变冷媒，如盐水溶液或乙二醇水溶液等。The second refrigerant required in the present invention mainly accepts the cold energy delivered by the first refrigerant, exchanges heat with the cold storage medium in the ice storage air conditioner in summer, stores the cold energy in the ice water in the ice storage air conditioner, and directly exchanges heat with the cold storage medium in the ice storage air conditioner in winter Seawater heat exchange. Therefore, the requirements for the second refrigerant are not very high, and non-phase-change refrigerants, such as saline solution or ethylene glycol aqueous solution, can be used.
LNG汽化回路：LNG储液罐1里的天然气输出管道经过第一电控阀2，通过第一换热器3的进口b进入第一换热器3与第一冷媒进行换热，然后通过第一换热器3的出口c以及第二电控阀4进入船舶主机动力***5燃烧为船舶运行提供动力支持。LNG vaporization circuit: The natural gas output pipeline in the LNG liquid storage tank 1 passes through the first electric control valve 2, enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the inlet b of the first heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the first refrigerant, and then passes through the first heat exchanger 3 The outlet c of a heat exchanger 3 and the second electric control valve 4 enter the power system 5 of the main engine of the ship for combustion to provide power support for the operation of the ship.
冰蓄冷循环回路：第一冷媒在第一换热器中与LNG换热温度降低后通过第一冷媒储存罐6以及第一冷媒泵7后通过第二热交换器8的进口f进入第二换热器8与第二冷媒换热，温度升高后第一冷媒通过第二换热器8的出口g以及阀门9由第一换热器3的进口d进入第一换热器3与LNG换热，完成第一冷媒的循环。第二冷媒与第一冷媒在第二换热器8中换热温度降低后通过第二换热器8的出口e经过第二冷媒储存罐10、第二冷媒泵11以及第一电动三通阀13进入设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷媒盘管19，与设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷水盘管20中的水换热后第二冷媒温度升高，经过第二电动三通阀14由第二换热器8的进口h返回第二换热器8与第一冷媒换热，完成第二冷媒的循环。设置在蓄冷蓄热装置8中冷水盘管20中的水与第二冷媒换热吸收冷量冷冻成冰，完成LNG冷能的储存并向船舶舱室输送所需冷量，空调***中的载冷剂进入蓄冷蓄热装置18将冰块中的冷量带走，通过空调热交换***满足船舶舱室供冷需求，蓄冷蓄热装置中的冰融化成水，再接收第二冷媒传递的冷量，完成冰蓄冷循环回路。Ice cold storage circulation circuit: the first refrigerant passes through the first refrigerant storage tank 6 and the first refrigerant pump 7 after the heat exchange temperature with LNG in the first heat exchanger is lowered, and then enters the second heat exchanger through the inlet f of the second heat exchanger 8 The heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat with the second refrigerant. After the temperature rises, the first refrigerant passes through the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8 and the valve 9 and enters the first heat exchanger 3 from the inlet d of the first heat exchanger 3 to exchange with LNG. heat, complete the cycle of the first refrigerant. After the heat exchange temperature between the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant decreases in the second heat exchanger 8, it passes through the outlet e of the second heat exchanger 8, passes through the second refrigerant storage tank 10, the second refrigerant pump 11 and the first electric three-way valve 13 enters the refrigerant coil 19 installed in the cold storage and heat storage device 18, and after exchanging heat with the water in the cold water coil 20 installed in the cold and heat storage device 18, the temperature of the second refrigerant rises, and passes through the second electric three-way valve 14 Return to the second heat exchanger 8 from the inlet h of the second heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the first refrigerant to complete the cycle of the second refrigerant. The water in the cold water coil 20 installed in the cold storage and heat storage device 8 exchanges heat with the second refrigerant, absorbs the cooling capacity and freezes into ice, completes the storage of LNG cold energy and delivers the required cooling capacity to the cabin of the ship, and the load cooling in the air conditioning system The agent enters the cold storage and heat storage device 18 to take away the cold energy in the ice, and meets the cooling demand of the ship cabin through the air-conditioning heat exchange system. The ice in the cold and heat storage device melts into water, and then receives the cold energy transferred by the second refrigerant. Complete the ice storage cycle.
热回收回路：汽化后的LNG进入船舶主机动力***5燃烧做功后会产生大量余热，主机冷却水通过第三电控阀15，循环泵16以及蓄冷蓄热装置18中的热水盘管17与蓄冷蓄热装置18中的蓄热介质进行换热冷却后返回船舶主机动力***5，蓄冷蓄热装置18中的蓄热介质与布置在其中的冷水盘管20中的水进行换热，由于吸收蓄冷蓄热装置18中蓄热介质的热量，冷水盘管20中的水温度升高后经空调末端送至船舶舱室进行换热，实现冬季船舶舱室供暖需求。Heat recovery circuit: After the vaporized LNG enters the main engine power system 5 of the ship, it will generate a large amount of waste heat after burning and doing work. The cooling water of the main engine passes through the third electric control valve 15, the circulation pump 16 and the hot water coil 17 in the heat storage device 18 and The heat storage medium in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 returns to the main engine power system 5 after heat exchange and cooling, and the heat storage medium in the cold and heat storage device 18 exchanges heat with the water in the cold water coil 20 arranged therein. The heat of the heat storage medium in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 and the temperature of the water in the cold water coil 20 are sent to the cabin of the ship through the air conditioner terminal for heat exchange, so as to meet the heating demand of the cabin of the ship in winter.
海水回路：冬季船舶舱室不需要供冷时，第二冷媒与第一冷媒在第二换热器8中换热后温度降低通过第二换热器8的出口g经过第二冷媒储存罐10，第二冷媒泵11，通过第一电动三通阀13的另一个出口进入第三换热器12，海水从进口o进入第三换热器12与第二冷媒进行换热后，海水温度降低从出口n流出。与海水换热后温度升高的第二冷媒从出口m流出后通过第二电动三通阀14返回到第二换热器8，完成第二冷媒与海水的换热。虽然本回路也是将换热后温度降低的海水排入海洋，但是由于本专利发明采用二级冷媒冷却的方法，海水与第二冷媒的温差不大，因此单位流量海水中携带的冷能少，较常规LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化过程对海洋环境的破坏小，更为经济环保。Seawater circuit: when the cabin of the ship does not need cooling in winter, the temperature of the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 8 and then the temperature drops through the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8 to pass through the second refrigerant storage tank 10, The second refrigerant pump 11 enters the third heat exchanger 12 through the other outlet of the first electric three-way valve 13, and the seawater enters the third heat exchanger 12 from the inlet o to exchange heat with the second refrigerant, and the temperature of the seawater decreases from Exit n out. The second refrigerant whose temperature rises after exchanging heat with seawater flows out from the outlet m and returns to the second heat exchanger 8 through the second electric three-way valve 14 to complete the heat exchange between the second refrigerant and seawater. Although this circuit also discharges the seawater whose temperature has been lowered after heat exchange into the ocean, because the patented invention adopts the method of secondary refrigerant cooling, the temperature difference between the seawater and the second refrigerant is not large, so the cold energy carried in the seawater per unit flow is less. Compared with conventional LNG-powered ships, the LNG vaporization process has less damage to the marine environment, and is more economical and environmentally friendly.
本发明的主要功能是将LNG汽化过程与船舶空调***供冷供热需求进行有机整合，利用LNG汽化时释放的大量冷能，作为船舶空调***的冷源，并且将汽化后的LNG进入船舶主机动力***燃烧后产生的大量余热进行回收，以满足空调用户端冬季供暖需求，以达到能源利用效率的最优化。本发明不但解决了常规LNG动力船舶运行时LNG汽化时直接与海水换热造成大量冷能的浪费且污染海洋环境的问题，同时通过有效余热回收，解决船舶空调制冷/制热需求，突破LNG汽化量与空调蓄冷量不匹配，LNG汽化时间与用冷时间不同步的技术瓶颈，提出了一种低能耗、低排放和高能效的LNG动力船舶空调***。The main function of the invention is to organically integrate the LNG vaporization process with the cooling and heating requirements of the ship's air-conditioning system, use the large amount of cold energy released during LNG vaporization as the cold source of the ship's air-conditioning system, and enter the vaporized LNG into the ship's main engine A large amount of waste heat generated by the combustion of the power system is recovered to meet the winter heating demand of the air-conditioning user end, so as to achieve the optimization of energy utilization efficiency. The invention not only solves the problem of wasting a lot of cold energy and polluting the marine environment when the LNG vaporizes directly with seawater when the conventional LNG-powered ship is running, but also solves the refrigeration/heating demand of the ship's air conditioner through effective waste heat recovery, and breaks through the vaporization of LNG In view of the technical bottleneck of the mismatch between the amount and the cold storage capacity of the air conditioner, and the asynchronous time between the vaporization time of LNG and the cooling time, a low energy consumption, low emission and high energy efficiency LNG powered ship air conditioning system is proposed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***构造示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system of an LNG-powered ship according to the present invention.
图中：1.LNG储液罐，2.第一电控阀，3.第一换热器，4.第二电控阀，5.船舶主机动力***，6.第一冷媒储存罐，7.第一冷媒泵，8.第二换热器，9.阀门，10.第二冷媒储存罐，11.第二冷媒泵，12.第三换热器，13.第一电动三通阀，14.第二电动三通阀，15.第三电控阀，16.循环泵，17.热水盘管，18.蓄冷蓄热装置，19.冷媒盘管，20.冷水盘管。In the figure: 1. LNG liquid storage tank, 2. The first electric control valve, 3. The first heat exchanger, 4. The second electric control valve, 5. The main engine power system of the ship, 6. The first refrigerant storage tank, 7 .First refrigerant pump, 8. Second heat exchanger, 9. Valve, 10. Second refrigerant storage tank, 11. Second refrigerant pump, 12. Third heat exchanger, 13. First electric three-way valve, 14. The second electric three-way valve, 15. The third electric control valve, 16. Circulation pump, 17. Hot water coil, 18. Cooling heat storage device, 19. Refrigerant coil, 20. Cold water coil.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种LNG动力船空调制冷/供热***，由LNG汽化回路，冰蓄冷循环回路，热回收回路以及海水回路构成。其中所述LNG汽化回路依次由LNG储液罐1、第一电控阀2，第一换热器3的进口b、出口a，第二电控阀4，船舶主机动力***5通过管连接构成；所述冰蓄冷循环回路，依次由第一换热器3出口c，第一冷媒储存罐6，第一冷媒泵7，第二换热器8的进口f、出口e，阀门9通过管连接第一换热器3进口d构成第一冷媒循环；依次由第二换热器8出口g，第二冷媒储存罐10，第二冷媒泵11，第一电动三通阀13，设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷媒盘管19，第二电动三通阀14通过管连接第二换热器8进口h构成第二冷媒循环；设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷水盘管20中的水与冷媒盘管19中的第二冷媒通过介质换热后利用管道与船舶舱室连接构成冰蓄冷循环回路；所述热回收回路依次由船舶主机动力***5，第三电控阀15，循环泵16以及设置在蓄冷蓄热装置18中的热水盘管17通过管连接构成；所述海水回路依次由第一电动三通阀13，第三换热器12的进口p、出口m以及第三电动三通阀14通过管连接构成。As shown in Figure 1, an air-conditioning refrigeration/heating system for an LNG-powered ship is composed of an LNG vaporization circuit, an ice storage circuit, a heat recovery circuit, and a seawater circuit. The LNG vaporization circuit is sequentially composed of an LNG liquid storage tank 1, a first electric control valve 2, an inlet b and an outlet a of the first heat exchanger 3, a second electric control valve 4, and a ship main engine power system 5 connected by pipes. ; The ice cold storage circulation circuit is sequentially connected by the outlet c of the first heat exchanger 3, the first refrigerant storage tank 6, the first refrigerant pump 7, the inlet f and the outlet e of the second heat exchanger 8, and the valve 9 through pipes The inlet d of the first heat exchanger 3 constitutes the first refrigerant cycle; the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8, the second refrigerant storage tank 10, the second refrigerant pump 11, and the first electric three-way valve 13 are arranged in the cooling storage tank in turn. The refrigerant coil 19 in the heat device 18, the second electric three-way valve 14 is connected to the inlet h of the second heat exchanger 8 through a pipe to form a second refrigerant cycle; After exchanging heat with the second refrigerant in the refrigerant coil 19 through the medium, use pipelines to connect with the cabin of the ship to form an ice cold storage cycle; And the hot water coil 17 arranged in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 is formed by pipe connection; the seawater circuit is composed of the first electric three-way valve 13, the inlet p, the outlet m of the third heat exchanger 12 and the third electric three-way valve in turn. The three-way valve 14 is formed by pipe connection.
上述所述的蓄冷蓄热装置18还连接有若干空调用户。所述的第三换热器12还设置有海水进口o和海水出口n。The above-mentioned cold and heat storage device 18 is also connected with several air-conditioning users. The third heat exchanger 12 is also provided with a seawater inlet o and a seawater outlet n.
上述所述的第一冷媒为相变冷媒。所述的相变冷媒优选为R134a或R404a中的任一种。The above-mentioned first refrigerant is a phase-change refrigerant. The phase change refrigerant is preferably any one of R134a or R404a.
上述所述的第二冷媒为无相变冷媒，如盐水溶液或乙二醇水溶液。所述的无相变冷媒优选为盐水溶液或乙二醇水溶液中的任一种。The second refrigerant mentioned above is a non-phase-change refrigerant, such as brine solution or ethylene glycol solution. The non-phase-change refrigerant is preferably any one of brine solution or ethylene glycol solution.
工作过程：work process:
LNG汽化回路：LNG储液罐1里的天然气输出管道经过第一电控阀2，通过第一换热器3的进口b进入第一换热器3与第一冷媒进行换热，然后通过第一换热器3的出口c以及第二电控阀4进入船舶主机动力***5燃烧为船舶运行提供动力支持。LNG vaporization circuit: The natural gas output pipeline in the LNG liquid storage tank 1 passes through the first electric control valve 2, enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the inlet b of the first heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the first refrigerant, and then passes through the first heat exchanger 3 The outlet c of a heat exchanger 3 and the second electric control valve 4 enter the power system 5 of the main engine of the ship for combustion to provide power support for the operation of the ship.
冰蓄冷循环回路：第一冷媒在第一换热器3中与LNG换热温度降低后通过第一冷媒储存罐6以及第一冷媒泵7后通过第二热交换器8的进口f进入第二换热器8与第二冷媒换热，温度升高后第一冷媒通过第二换热器8的出口g以及阀门9由第一换热器3的进口d进入第一换热器3与LNG换热，完成第一冷媒的循环。第二冷媒与第一冷媒在第二换热器8中换热温度降低后通过第二换热器8的出口e经过第二冷媒储存罐10、第二冷媒泵11以及第一电动三通阀13进入蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷媒盘管19，与蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冷水盘管20中的水换热后第二冷媒温度升高，经过第二电动三通阀14由第二换热器8的进口h返回第二换热器8与第一冷媒换热，完成第二冷媒的循环。蓄冷蓄热装置8中冷水盘管20中的水与第二冷媒换热吸收冷量冷冻成冰，完成LNG冷能的储存并向船舶舱室输送所需冷量，空调***中的载冷剂进入蓄冷蓄热装置18将冰块中的冷量带走，通过空调热交换***满足船舶舱室供冷需求，蓄冷蓄热装置18中的冰融化成水，再接收第二冷媒传递的冷量，完成冰蓄冷循环回路。Ice cold storage circulation loop: the first refrigerant passes through the first refrigerant storage tank 6 and the first refrigerant pump 7 after the heat exchange temperature with LNG in the first heat exchanger 3 is lowered, and then enters the second refrigerant through the inlet f of the second heat exchanger 8 The heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat with the second refrigerant. After the temperature rises, the first refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 3 and LNG through the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8 and the valve 9 from the inlet d of the first heat exchanger 3 . heat exchange to complete the circulation of the first refrigerant. After the heat exchange temperature between the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant is lowered in the second heat exchanger 8, it passes through the outlet e of the second heat exchanger 8 and passes through the second refrigerant storage tank 10, the second refrigerant pump 11 and the first electric three-way valve. 13 enters the refrigerant coil 19 in the cold storage and heat storage device 18, and after exchanging heat with the water in the cold water coil 20 in the cold and heat storage device 18, the temperature of the second refrigerant rises. The inlet h of the heat exchanger 8 returns to the second heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the first refrigerant to complete the cycle of the second refrigerant. The water in the cold water coil 20 in the cold storage and heat storage device 8 exchanges heat with the second refrigerant, absorbs the cooling capacity and freezes into ice, completes the storage of LNG cold energy and delivers the required cooling capacity to the cabin of the ship, and the brine in the air conditioning system enters The cold heat storage device 18 takes away the cold energy in the ice cubes, and meets the cooling demand of the ship cabin through the air-conditioning heat exchange system. The ice in the cold heat storage device 18 melts into water, and then receives the cold energy transferred by the second refrigerant to complete Ice storage circulation loop.
热回收回路：汽化后的LNG进入船舶主机动力***5燃烧做功后会产生大量余热，主机冷却水通过第三电控阀15，循环泵16以及蓄冷蓄热装置18中的热水盘管17与蓄冷蓄热装置18中的蓄热介质进行换热冷却后返回船舶主机动力***5，蓄冷蓄热装置18中的蓄热介质与布置在其中的冷水盘管20中的水进行换热，由于吸收蓄冷蓄热装置18中蓄热介质的热量，冷水盘管20中的水温度升高后经空调末端送至船舶舱室进行换热，实现冬季船舶舱室供暖需求。Heat recovery circuit: After the vaporized LNG enters the main engine power system 5 of the ship, it will generate a large amount of waste heat after burning and doing work. The cooling water of the main engine passes through the third electric control valve 15, the circulation pump 16 and the hot water coil 17 in the heat storage device 18 and The heat storage medium in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 returns to the main engine power system 5 after heat exchange and cooling, and the heat storage medium in the cold and heat storage device 18 exchanges heat with the water in the cold water coil 20 arranged therein. The heat of the heat storage medium in the cold storage and heat storage device 18 and the temperature of the water in the cold water coil 20 are sent to the cabin of the ship through the air conditioner terminal for heat exchange, so as to meet the heating demand of the cabin of the ship in winter.
海水回路：冬季船舶舱室不需要供冷时，第二冷媒与第一冷媒在第二换热器8中换热后温度降低通过第二换热器8的出口g经过第二冷媒储存罐10和第二冷媒泵11，通过第一电动三通阀13的另一个出口进入第三换热器12，海水从进口o进入第三换热器12与第二冷媒进行换热后，海水温度降低从出口n流出。与海水换热后温度升高的第二冷媒从出口m流出后通过第二电动三通阀14返回到第二换热器8，完成第二冷媒与海水的换热。虽然本回路也是将换热后温度降低的海水排入海洋，但是由于本发明专利采用二级冷媒冷却的方法，海水与第二冷媒的温差不大，因此单位流量海水中携带的冷能少，较常规LNG动力船舶中LNG汽化过程对海洋环境的破坏小，更为经济环保。Seawater circuit: when the cabin of the ship does not need to be cooled in winter, the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 8, and then the temperature drops through the outlet g of the second heat exchanger 8, passing through the second refrigerant storage tank 10 and The second refrigerant pump 11 enters the third heat exchanger 12 through the other outlet of the first electric three-way valve 13, and the seawater enters the third heat exchanger 12 from the inlet o to exchange heat with the second refrigerant, and the temperature of the seawater decreases from Exit n out. The second refrigerant whose temperature rises after exchanging heat with seawater flows out from the outlet m and returns to the second heat exchanger 8 through the second electric three-way valve 14 to complete the heat exchange between the second refrigerant and seawater. Although this circuit also discharges the seawater whose temperature has been lowered after heat exchange into the ocean, because the patent of the present invention adopts the cooling method of the secondary refrigerant, the temperature difference between the seawater and the second refrigerant is not large, so the cold energy carried in the seawater per unit flow is less. Compared with conventional LNG-powered ships, the LNG vaporization process has less damage to the marine environment, and is more economical and environmentally friendly.
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方法，凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求保护的范围内。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementation methods, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
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