CN104534601A - Air energy storage and refrigerating system used in power outage accident of nuclear power plant main control room - Google Patents
Air energy storage and refrigerating system used in power outage accident of nuclear power plant main control room Download PDFInfo
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- CN104534601A CN104534601A CN201510013999.8A CN201510013999A CN104534601A CN 104534601 A CN104534601 A CN 104534601A CN 201510013999 A CN201510013999 A CN 201510013999A CN 104534601 A CN104534601 A CN 104534601A
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- heat exchanger
- storage tank
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0085—Systems using a compressed air circuit
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及核电站专设安全***和制冷技术领域，特别涉及一种用于核电站主控室断电事故中的空气储能制冷***。***包括：由高压空气储罐(1)、截止阀(2)、空气压缩机(3)、膨胀阀(4)、换热器(5)、流量计(6)、P.压力计换热器(7)、T.温度测点(8)、主控室(9)、控制阀(10)、排污阀(11)、安全阀(12)组成。其中，空气压缩机(3)左端出口经控制阀(10)与高压空气储罐(1)左上端入口连接，高压空气储罐(1)左上端设有排污阀(11)，左下端与右下端分别设有安全阀(12)，右上端出口经截止阀(2)、膨胀阀(4)与换热器(5)连接，再由流量计(6)流入室内(9)，在高压空气储罐和膨胀阀、换热器前后均设有P.压力计换热器(7)、T.温度测点(8)。本发明利用高压空气非能动制冷方案解决了核电站发生事故断电情形下由于缺乏动力源不能保证主控室合适的温湿度、氧气供应不足的问题，确保了核电站发生事故断电后核电站主控室运行操纵人员72h的安全。
The invention relates to the field of nuclear power plant special safety system and refrigeration technology, in particular to an air energy storage refrigeration system used in the power failure accident of the main control room of the nuclear power plant. The system includes: a high-pressure air storage tank (1), a shut-off valve (2), an air compressor (3), an expansion valve (4), a heat exchanger (5), a flow meter (6), and a P. pressure gauge for heat exchange Device (7), T. temperature measuring point (8), main control room (9), control valve (10), blowdown valve (11), safety valve (12). Wherein, the outlet of the left end of the air compressor (3) is connected with the inlet of the upper left end of the high-pressure air storage tank (1) through the control valve (10), and the upper left end of the high-pressure air storage tank (1) is provided with a drain valve (11), and the lower left end is connected to the upper left end of the high-pressure air storage tank (1). There are safety valves (12) at the lower end, and the outlet at the upper right end is connected with the heat exchanger (5) through the stop valve (2) and the expansion valve (4), and then flows into the room (9) through the flow meter (6). There are P. pressure gauge heat exchanger (7) and T. temperature measuring point (8) before and after the storage tank, expansion valve and heat exchanger. The invention uses the high-pressure air passive refrigeration scheme to solve the problem that the main control room cannot be guaranteed the proper temperature and humidity and insufficient oxygen supply due to the lack of power source in the case of a nuclear power plant accident and power outage, and ensures the nuclear power plant main control room after an accident and power outage The safety of operating personnel for 72 hours.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及核电站安全专设装置及制冷技术领域，特别涉及一种用于核电站主控室断电事故中的空气储能制冷***。The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant safety special equipment and refrigeration, in particular to an air energy storage refrigeration system used in a power outage accident in a main control room of a nuclear power plant.
背景技术Background technique
核电站主控室是核电站核心操作间，为了保证核电站出现紧急事故断电时运行操纵人员的安全，应提供一种无动力制冷***，维持主控室环境温度处于适宜范围内，同时降压后的空气能为遇险人员提供必需的氧气。The main control room of the nuclear power plant is the core operation room of the nuclear power plant. In order to ensure the safety of the operating personnel in the event of an emergency power failure in the nuclear power plant, a non-powered refrigeration system should be provided to maintain the ambient temperature of the main control room within an appropriate range. Air can provide essential oxygen to those in distress.
目前适用于核电站主控室制冷***蓄冰制冷如专利CN101532709中的蓄冰制冷***和专利CN103411268A中的蓄电制冷***，但是蓄冰制冷日常需要制冷机组维持蓄冷剂的低温，长期使用需要定期维护；同时蓄电制冷须配备大容量防爆电池，蓄电池经常需要更换，且制冷性能受外界环境影响较大。因此确保核电站发生事故断电后核电站主控室运行操纵人员72h的安全，保证主控室合适的温湿度、解决氧气供应不足、减少对环境的依赖性已成为本领域技术人员所面临的难题。At present, it is suitable for ice storage refrigeration in the refrigeration system of the main control room of a nuclear power plant, such as the ice storage refrigeration system in patent CN101532709 and the electric storage refrigeration system in patent CN103411268A. ; At the same time, electric storage refrigeration must be equipped with large-capacity explosion-proof batteries, which often need to be replaced, and the cooling performance is greatly affected by the external environment. Therefore, it has become a difficult problem for those skilled in the art to ensure the safety of the operating personnel in the main control room of the nuclear power plant for 72 hours after a power outage due to an accident in the nuclear power plant, to ensure the appropriate temperature and humidity in the main control room, to solve the shortage of oxygen supply, and to reduce the dependence on the environment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于核电站主控室断电事故中的空气储能制冷***，在核电站发生断电事故后，利用高压空气非能动制冷方案解决了核电站发生事故断电情形下由于缺乏动力源不能保证主控室合适的温湿度、氧气供应不足的问题，确保核电站发生事故断电后核电站主控室运行操纵人员72h的安全。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air energy storage refrigeration system used in the power outage accident of the main control room of the nuclear power plant. The lack of power source cannot guarantee the proper temperature and humidity in the main control room, and insufficient oxygen supply, so as to ensure the safety of the operating personnel in the main control room of the nuclear power plant for 72 hours after a nuclear power plant accident and power failure.
所述的高压空气制冷***，由高压空气储罐(1)、截止阀(2)、空气压缩机(3)、膨胀阀(4)、换热器(5)、流量计(6)、P.压力计换热器(7)、T.温度测点(8)、主控室(9)、控制阀(10)、排污阀(11)、安全阀(12)组成。The high-pressure air refrigeration system consists of a high-pressure air storage tank (1), a shut-off valve (2), an air compressor (3), an expansion valve (4), a heat exchanger (5), a flow meter (6), a P .Pressure gauge heat exchanger (7), T. temperature measuring point (8), main control room (9), control valve (10), blowdown valve (11), safety valve (12).
实现本发明的技术方案：空气压缩机(3)左端出口经控制阀(10)与高压空气储罐(1)左上端入口连接，高压空气储罐(1)左上端设有排污阀(11)，左下端与右下端分别设有安全阀(12)，右上端出口经截止阀(2)、膨胀阀(4)与换热器(5)左端入口连接，右端出口再由流量计(6)流入室内(9)，在高压空气储罐和膨胀阀、换热器前后均设有P.压力计换热器(7)、T.温度测点(8)。Realize the technical scheme of the present invention: the outlet of the left end of the air compressor (3) is connected with the inlet of the upper left end of the high-pressure air storage tank (1) through the control valve (10), and the upper left end of the high-pressure air storage tank (1) is provided with a blowdown valve (11) , the lower left end and the lower right end are respectively provided with a safety valve (12), the outlet of the upper right end is connected with the inlet of the left end of the heat exchanger (5) through the stop valve (2), the expansion valve (4), and the outlet of the right end is connected by the flow meter (6) It flows into the chamber (9), and there are P. pressure gauge heat exchanger (7) and T. temperature measuring point (8) before and after the high-pressure air storage tank, expansion valve and heat exchanger.
所述的高压空气制冷***，其特征在于：以储存在空气罐中的高压空气作为制冷剂，换热器通过对流换热和辐射换热的方式与主控室内空气进行热量交换。The high-pressure air refrigeration system is characterized in that: the high-pressure air stored in the air tank is used as the refrigerant, and the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the air in the main control room through convective heat exchange and radiation heat exchange.
本发明的效果：高压空气节流膨胀制冷用于核电站主控室的可行方案，既可以实现制冷，而且排出的空气能够供给人员呼吸。此外，该***具有无需外界提供动力、成本低、维护方便等优点，提高了***运行的可靠性。分析计算表明，为保证控制室空气品质而备有32个压力为23.4MPa，容积1.48m3的空气瓶，充满空气后按每小时排放154Nm3计算可使用72h的防护要求。The effect of the present invention is that the high-pressure air throttling expansion refrigeration is a feasible solution for the main control room of a nuclear power plant, which can realize refrigeration, and the discharged air can be used for breathing by personnel. In addition, the system has the advantages of no external power supply, low cost, and convenient maintenance, which improves the reliability of the system operation. The analysis and calculation show that 32 air cylinders with a pressure of 23.4MPa and a volume of 1.48m 3 are prepared to ensure the air quality in the control room. After being filled with air, the protection requirements can be used for 72 hours based on the discharge of 154Nm 3 per hour.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种用于核电站主控室断电事故中的空气储能制冷***示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air energy storage refrigeration system used in a power outage accident in a main control room of a nuclear power plant according to the present invention.
图中：1.高压空气储罐；2.截止阀；3.空气压缩机；4.膨胀阀；5.换热器；6.流量计；7.P.压力计换热器；8.T.温度测点；9.主控室；10.控制阀；11.排污阀；12.安全阀。In the figure: 1. High pressure air storage tank; 2. Globe valve; 3. Air compressor; 4. Expansion valve; 5. Heat exchanger; 6. Flowmeter; 7.P. Pressure gauge heat exchanger; 8.T .Temperature measuring point; 9. Main control room; 10. Control valve; 11. Sewage valve; 12. Safety valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
高压空气制冷***，由高压空气储罐、空压机、膨胀阀、换热器、温度压力传感器、流量计及管道阀门配件组成。换热器通过对流换热和辐射换热的方式与主控室内空气进行热量交换。The high-pressure air refrigeration system is composed of high-pressure air storage tanks, air compressors, expansion valves, heat exchangers, temperature and pressure sensors, flow meters and pipeline valve accessories. The heat exchanger exchanges heat with the air in the main control room through convective heat exchange and radiation heat exchange.
空压机为空气储罐蓄气蓄满，达到压力要求后，空压机会自动关闭，然后，核电站发生断电事故后，开启空气罐上的截止阀，向主控室内供气。同时开启室内膨胀阀并调节阀门开度，即可调节膨胀阀后的气体压力。高压空气流过膨胀阀，经节流后温度和压力降低，降温降压后的气体进入换热器，在换热器与室内空气进行换热，室内空气降温后实现制冷效果，同时换热器出口的低压空气直接排向实验室制冷。The air compressor stores the air in the air storage tank to the full. When the pressure requirement is met, the air compressor will automatically shut down. Then, after a power outage occurs in the nuclear power plant, the shut-off valve on the air tank will be opened to supply air to the main control room. At the same time, open the indoor expansion valve and adjust the opening of the valve to adjust the gas pressure behind the expansion valve. The high-pressure air flows through the expansion valve, and the temperature and pressure decrease after throttling, and the gas after cooling down enters the heat exchanger, where the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the indoor air. After the indoor air cools down, the cooling effect is realized. The low-pressure air from the outlet is directly discharged to the laboratory refrigeration.
为保证控制室空气品质而备有32个压力为23.4MPa，容积1.48m3的空气瓶，充满空气后按每小时排放154Nm3计算可使用72h，就能确保主控室三天的正常温湿度。In order to ensure the air quality in the control room, 32 air cylinders with a pressure of 23.4MPa and a volume of 1.48m 3 are prepared. After being filled with air, they can be used for 72 hours based on the discharge of 154Nm 3 per hour, which can ensure the normal temperature and humidity of the main control room for three days. .
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105805553A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-27 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Emergency meeting compressed air system of nuclear power station |
| CN110375455A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-10-25 | 东南大学 | A kind of compressed air energy refrigerated air-conditioning system |
| CN112283841A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-29 | 三门核电有限公司 | Emergency ventilation system for main control room of nuclear facility |
| CN114060979A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-18 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive ventilation cooling system |
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| CN114060979B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-02-20 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive ventilation cooling system |
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