CN104355602A - 一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种特种陶瓷,由下列重量份的原料制成:硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6;本发明的陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能,强度大;通过添加氯氧化锆、锆酸钠,更增加了陶瓷的耐磨性和耐温性,不易破碎,耐振动,使用寿命长;通过使用本发明的助剂,能够增加陶瓷的表面光滑性、耐磨性和耐热性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,尤其涉及一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前通道、管道用的材料有铝合金材料、陶瓷等,铝合金材料耐磨性差,槽道容易消失,影响色选精度,要经常更换,成本高;目前所用的陶瓷材料脆性大,耐磨性不太高,不耐冷热刺激,耐酸碱性差,因此需要研究耐磨性好,硬度高,韧性好,耐震动,耐热,耐腐蚀等性能优异的陶瓷材料,以降低成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种特种陶瓷及其制备方法,该陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能,强度大。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种特种陶瓷,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成:硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6;
所述助剂由下列重量份的原料制成:高岭土3-4、稀土1-2、四盐基铬酸锌0.3-0.4、纳米氮化硅0.8-1.2、纳米硼纤维0.6-0.9、纳米碳0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.6-0.8、聚乙二醇0.3-0.4、水7-11;制备方法为:将聚乙二醇加入水中,搅拌均匀,加入高岭土,搅拌20-30分钟,再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌10-15分钟,再加入稀土,搅拌反应20-30分钟,再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌10-15分钟,再加入其他剩余成分,搅拌反应20-30分钟,超声分散6-8分钟,过滤,烘干,粉碎,过40目筛,在氮气氛围下,1380-1440℃下煅烧2-3个小时,粉碎,过40目筛,即得。
所述特种陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合,球磨,过200目筛,加入0.6-0.8倍重量份的乙醇,送入球磨机中球磨24-27个小时,再加入氢氧化钾,继续球磨2-3个小时,水洗至PH值为8-9,过滤,得到滤饼;
(2)将第(1)步得到的滤饼粉碎,在氮气氛围下,850-900℃下煅烧2-3个小时,取出粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(3)取30-40重量份的乙醇,加入正硅酸乙酯,搅拌至溶解,加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠,搅拌得到混合物料,将高岭土粉碎,边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料,加热至70-80℃,持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发,粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(4)将第(2)步和第(3)步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合,按料:球:水=1:1.4:0.7,球磨24-30个小时,造型,在氮气氛围中,700-800℃下预烧1.5-2个小时,再在1550-1600℃下煅烧4-5个小时,即得。
本发明的有益效果
本发明的陶瓷具有较宽的耐温性、耐烧蚀性好、并且具有良好的力学性能,强度大;通过添加氯氧化锆、锆酸钠,更增加了陶瓷的耐磨性和耐温性,不易破碎,耐振动,使用寿命长;通过使用本发明的助剂,能够增加陶瓷的表面光滑性、耐磨性和耐热性。
具体实施方式
一种特种陶瓷,由下列重量份(公斤)的原料制成:硅灰石3.5、长石12、三氧化二铝6、高岭土23、石英62、纳米氧化锌2.5、油酸2.5、氧化石蜡1.5、氯氧化锆14、锆酸钠3.5、正硅酸乙酯3.5、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1.5、乙醇适量、助剂5;
所述助剂由下列重量份(公斤)的原料制成:高岭土3.5、稀土1.5、四盐基铬酸锌0.3、纳米氮化硅1、纳米硼纤维0.7、纳米碳0.3、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.7、聚乙二醇0.3、水8;制备方法为:将聚乙二醇加入水中,搅拌均匀,加入高岭土,搅拌25分钟,再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌13分钟,再加入稀土,搅拌反应25分钟,再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌13分钟,再加入其他剩余成分,搅拌反应25分钟,超声分散7分钟,过滤,烘干,粉碎,过40目筛,在氮气氛围下,1400℃下煅烧2.5个小时,粉碎,过40目筛,即得。
所述特种陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合,球磨,过200目筛,加入0.7倍重量份的乙醇,送入球磨机中球磨26个小时,再加入氢氧化钾,继续球磨2.5个小时,水洗至PH值为8,过滤,得到滤饼;
(2)将第(1)步得到的滤饼粉碎,在氮气氛围下,880℃下煅烧2.5个小时,取出粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(3)取35重量份的乙醇,加入正硅酸乙酯,搅拌至溶解,加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠,搅拌得到混合物料,将高岭土粉碎,边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料,加热至75℃,持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发,粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(4)将第(2)步和第(3)步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合,按料:球:水=1:1.4:0.7,球磨28个小时,造型,在氮气氛围中,780℃下预烧1.8个小时,再在1580℃下煅烧4.5个小时,即得。
实验数据:
该实施例陶瓷的维氏硬度为88GPa,抗弯强度为980MPa,断裂韧性为11MPa·m1/2。
Claims (2)
1.一种特种陶瓷,其特征在于由下列重量份的原料制成:硅灰石3-4、长石10-14、三氧化二铝5-7、高岭土20-25、石英58-66、纳米氧化锌2-3、油酸2-3、氧化石蜡1-2、氯氧化锆12-15、锆酸钠3-4、正硅酸乙酯3-4、去离子水适量、氢氧化钾1-2、乙醇适量、助剂4-6;
所述助剂由下列重量份的原料制成:高岭土3-4、稀土1-2、四盐基铬酸锌0.3-0.4、纳米氮化硅0.8-1.2、纳米硼纤维0.6-0.9、纳米碳0.3-0.4、硅烷偶联剂kh-550 0.6-0.8、聚乙二醇0.3-0.4、水7-11;制备方法为:将聚乙二醇加入水中,搅拌均匀,加入高岭土,搅拌20-30分钟,再加入一半重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌10-15分钟,再加入稀土,搅拌反应20-30分钟,再加入剩余重量份的硅烷偶联剂kh-550,搅拌10-15分钟,再加入其他剩余成分,搅拌反应20-30分钟,超声分散6-8分钟,过滤,烘干,粉碎,过40目筛,在氮气氛围下,1380-1440℃下煅烧2-3个小时,粉碎,过40目筛,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述特种陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将硅灰石、长石、三氧化二铝、石英、氧化石蜡混合,球磨,过200目筛,加入0.6-0.8倍重量份的乙醇,送入球磨机中球磨24-27个小时,再加入氢氧化钾,继续球磨2-3个小时,水洗至PH值为8-9,过滤,得到滤饼;
(2)将第(1)步得到的滤饼粉碎,在氮气氛围下,850-900℃下煅烧2-3个小时,取出粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(3)取30-40重量份的乙醇,加入正硅酸乙酯,搅拌至溶解,加入纳米氧化锌、油酸、氯氧化锆、锆酸钠,搅拌得到混合物料,将高岭土粉碎,边翻腾搅拌边喷入混合物料,加热至70-80℃,持续翻腾搅拌至乙醇完全蒸发,粉碎,过50目筛,得到颗粒;
(4)将第(2)步和第(3)步得到的颗粒与其他剩余成分混合,按料:球:水=1:1.4:0.7,球磨24-30个小时,造型,在氮气氛围中,700-800℃下预烧1.5-2个小时,再在1550-1600℃下煅烧4-5个小时,即得。
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