CN104321223A - 用于移动环境控制单元的改进电调节***及控制该单元的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种移动环境控制单元,包括:底盘、由该底盘支撑的厢体以及与该厢体环境通信的环境控制***。该环境控制***被配置成控制厢体中的环境参数,环境控制***包括交流发电机和控制器。该交流发电机由内燃机提供动力并为环境控制***供电。控制器被配置成:监测厢体的环境参数,监测交流发电机的一个或多个电参数,基于监测到的环境参数控制环境控制***,以及基于监测到的交流发电机的参数控制交流发电机。
Description
背景技术
本发明的实施例涉及一种移动环境控制单元,例如公路运输厢式拖车,其具有通过发动机提供动力的环境控制***,例如制冷单元。
在现有的运输制冷单元中,供给该单元的电能通常由交流发电机产生,该交流发电机由内燃式车辆发动机提供动力。交流发电机的电能被用来给电池充电,即通过整流器,而电池电能被制冷单元中的电气元件利用。如果交流(AC)元件被用在制冷单元中,则使用电力电子模块将电池的直流电转为交流输出电,然后分发给交流电气元件。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种移动环境控制单元,其包括:底盘;由所述底盘支撑的厢体;以及与所述厢体环境通信的环境控制***。环境控制***被配置成控制所述厢体中的环境参数。环境控制***包括交流发电机和控制器。交流发电机由内燃机提供动力并为环境控制***供电。控制器被配置成监测所述厢体的环境参数,监测所述交流发电机的一个或多个电参数,基于监测到的环境参数控制所述环境控制***,以及基于监测到的交流发电机的参数控制所述交流发电机。
在另一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种移动环境控制单元的操作方法。所述方法包括:监测厢体的环境参数;监测交流发电机的一个或多个电参数;基于监测到的环境参数控制环境控制***;以及基于监测到的交流发电机的参数控制所述交流发电机。
通过考虑详细描述和附图,本发明的其它方面将变得明显。
附图说明
图1是一个公路运输卡车和半挂车的立体图。
图2是图1中半挂车的制冷单元的框图。
图3是图2中制冷单元的***负载的框图。
图4是图2中制冷单元的控制模块的框图。
图5是图1中半挂车的制冷单元的框图。
图6是控制图2中的制冷单元参数的过程流程图。
图7是控制图2中的制冷单元参数的过程流程图。
具体实施方式
在对本发明的任何实施例进行详细说明之前,应当理解的是,本发明并不将其申请限于以下说明书所阐述或附图中所示的组件的细节构造和布置。本发明能够有其他实施例和能够以多种方式来实施。
在一个实施方式中,在移动环境控制单元中,控制器和相关的控制方法控制交流电源。控制器被配置为控制交流和直流负载,以及控制到达该负载的电能。控制器进一步被配置为通过控制交流发电机的转子励磁电流来控制交流发电机的交流输出电能。通过控制器控制负载、到达负载的电源以及交流发电机的输出,在移动环境控制单元的控制中,控制器提供更好的灵活性。
本发明的实施例涉及一种具有环境控制***和厢体的移动环境控制单元。示例性的移动环境控制单元包括公路运输拖车、公路运输卡车车体、公交车、运输容器以及轨道车。厢体可以采用多个厢体或者具有多个区域的形式。示例性的环境控制***包括:制冷***、加热***、湿度***和空气质量***。在下面讨论的具体实施例中,该环境控制单元是一个公路运输的冷藏半挂车100(图1),其具有支撑(或形成)单个厢体110的底盘102,单个厢体110通过制冷单元105冷却。底盘102也支撑制冷单元105。
如图2所示,制冷单元105包括带有启动器210的内燃机205、交流发电机215、电力电子模块220、控制模块225、电池230和***负载235。
内燃机205可以是运行柴油、汽油或其它适合的燃料的发动机。内燃机205提供机械动力。启动器210被用于启动内燃机204并由电池230供电。在另一实施例中,制冷单元105从主车辆的内燃机接收电能,而不是从制冷单元的内燃机205接收电能。
交流发电机215经由皮带或其它装置耦合到内燃机205上。交流发电机215将内燃机205产生的机械能转换成交流电能。交流发电机215包括被称为定子的定子励磁绕组和被称为转子的转子励磁绕组。正如本领域已知的,转子由内燃机205通过皮带带动旋转。转子旋转产生电能。交流发电机215包括交流发电机电压调节器237。交流发电机电压调节器237监测交流发电机215的交流输出电压。交流发电机电压调节器237通过基于预测的交流发电机215的速度来调节励磁电流,进而调整交流输出电压。通过监测到的交流输出电压预测交流发电机215的速度。交流发电机电压调节器237包括整流器。该整流器将交流发电机215的部分交流电转换成直流电。整流后的直流电然后被用来调节励磁电流,并调节交流发电机215的交流输出电压。在另一个实施例中,交流发电机电压调节器237被包括在电力电子模块220中。
电力电子模块220被电耦合至交流发电机215。电力电子模块220包括整流器240、绝缘栅双极晶体管或IGBT模块245、滤波器250以及电力电子控制器252。整流器240为脉冲宽度调制(PWM)整流器。整流器240从交流发电机215接收交流电压。整流器240使用强制换向电力电子半导体开关将交流电压转换成可控或可调的直流电压。整流器240被电耦合到IGBT模块245上。IGBT模块245接收来自整流器240的经过整流的直流电压。IGBT模块245是一个将来自整流器的直流电压反转为方波交流电压的逆变器。滤波器250被电耦合到IGBT模块245上。滤波器250过滤来自IGBT模块245的交流电压。电力电子控制器252与控制模块225和交流发电机215通信。
如图3所示,***负载235包括常规制冷元件,例如压缩机305,冷凝器风扇310,膨胀阀315,蒸发器风扇320,和除霜加热器325。如以上所讨论的,***负载235从内燃机205供电。***负载还可以通过岸电,电池电源,或其它电源供电。在如图2所示的结构中,***负载235接收来自电力电子模块220的交流电。
控制模块225被电耦合到电力电子控制器252和***负载235。在进一步继续之前,应当理解的是,虽然控制模块225在本文中作为一个模块讨论,但是控制模块220可以包括多个模块。
如图4所示,除了别的以外,控制模块225包括:控制器405,电源模块410,用户接口415,多个传感器417,以及通信模块420。控制模块225由电池230供电。除了别的以外,控制器405包括软硬件组合,其可操作地控制环境控制***105的运行。在一种结构中,控制器405包括印刷电路板(“PCB”),该印刷电路板组装有为控制模块225提供电源、操作控制和保护的多个电气电子元件。在一些结构中,PCB包括,例如,处理单元425(例如,微处理器,微控制器,数字信号处理器,或其它合适的可编程设备)、存储器430和总线。总线连接将包含存储器430的各种PCB元件连接到处理单元425。存储器430包括,例如,只读存储器(“ROM”)、随机存取存储器(“RAM”)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(“EEPROM”)、闪存存储器、硬盘或别的合适的磁性、光学、物理或电器存储设备。处理单元425被连接到存储器430并且执行软件,这些软件能够被存储在RAM(例如,在执行过程中)、ROM(例如,在一般来说永久的基础上)、或另外的非临时性计算机可读介质中,例如另外的存储器或光盘。附加或替代地,存储器430被包含在处理单元425中。控制器405还包括输入/输出(“I/O”)***435,(“I/O”)***435包括用于在控制器405的元件与控制模块225的其它元件之间传送信息的路径。例如,通信模块225被配置成在控制模块225与一个或多个位于拖车100内部或卡车内部或拖车100外部或卡车外部的其它设备之间提供通信。
包含在控制模块225的实现中的软件被存储在控制器405的存储器430中。该软件包括:例如,固件、一个或多个应用、程序数据、一个或多个程序模块、以及其它可执行的指令。除别的以外,控制器405被配置为从存储器中检索并执行与下面描述的控制过程和方法相关的指令。例如,控制器405被配置为执行从存储器430中取回的用于监测电池健康状况、预测电池失效、以及传送预测的电池故障的指令。在其它结构中,控制器405或外部设备包括附加的,更少的或不同的元件。
除别的以外,PCB还包括多个附加的无源和有源元件,如电阻器、电容器、电感器、集成电路和放大器。这些元件被布置并连接成为PCB提供多个电气功能。除别的以外,这些电气功能包括滤波、信号调节、或电压调节。为了描述方便,PCB和组装在PCB上的电气元件统称为控制器405。
用户接口415被包括从而作为一个整体控制控制模块225或制冷单元105的动作。用户接口415可操作地耦合到控制器405从而控制,例如,制冷单元105的动作设置和环境控制***105的通信故障。用户接口415可能包括数字和模拟输入/输出设备的组合,需要该组合实现预期的与操作者的互动水平。例如,用户接口415可能包括:具有显示和输入设备的计算设备、触摸屏显示器、多个旋钮、转盘、开关、按钮、音量控制器等。
传感器417感知厢体110、电力电子模块220、或交流发电机215的多个参数。例如这些参数可以是室内温度和设定点之间的差、压缩机305的速度/容量、制冷剂的流量、以及蒸发器风扇320和冷凝器风扇310的各种操作要求。应注意,虽然图4仅示出两个传感器417,但是控制模块225依据感知到的多个参数可以包括多个传感器。
图5示出的制冷单元105'的另一种结构,其包括一个备用电源选项505。备用电源选项505包括非传统电源510、电池充电器515、以及电池520。非传统电源510可以是一种燃料电池、太阳能电池、或者任何其它形式的非传统能源电源。电池充电器515被电耦合到非传统电源510。电池充电器515包括用于对电池520进行充电的电路,电池520被电耦合到电池充电器515。电池充电器515从非传统电源510接收直流电。电池充电器515使用直流电对电池520充电。来自电池520的直流电被用于直接或间接地给***负载235'提供电力。在所示的结构中,制冷单元105'还包括一个备用的交流电源525。备用的交流电源525可以是任何标准的电网连接的交流电源(即,岸电)。一旦环境控制***105'被***到备用的交流电源525,来自电池230'和电池520的消耗被减少到可能的最小值。电力电子模块220'基于输入终端电源连接(即,来自电池520的直流电、备用的交流电源525或交流发电机215输出)来自动监测操作模式。
在如图5所示的结构中,电力电子模块220'包含交流电源输入和直流电源输出,交流电源来自交流发电机215'或备用交流电源525,直流输入电源来自备用电源选项505。电力电子模块220'将AC和DC电能都转换成稳压交流电能输出。在一种结构中,来自备用电源选项505的直流电直接对制冷单元235'的某些元件供电,包括冷凝器风扇310'和蒸发器风扇320'。其它制冷单元235'的元件由电力电子模块220'的输出交流电供电。
控制模块225被配置为控制***负载235,并控制和/或调节到达***负载235的交流电。控制模块225基于由传感器417感测到的一个或多个传感参数来控制***负载235的电气元件动作。控制模块225还基于传感器417感测到的参数控制电力电子控制器252。
控制模块225被配置为控制***负载235,其通过基于感测到的参数产生控制信号,并将该控制信号送达电力电子控制器252来实现。电力电子控制器252解释该控制信号,并基于该控制信号控制从电力电子模块220到***负载235的交流电输出。
控制模块225被配置为通过使用“循环”模式来控制***负载235,当参数超出范围,其将启动或加速压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310、和蒸发器风扇320,当参数处在范围内时,其调节压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310、以及蒸发器风扇320。该参数可以例如是厢体内温度、厢体内湿度、或厢体内的空气质量。在一个正在讨论的具体实施例中,在厢体温度上升到高于第一温度值之后,压缩机205、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320被加速;而一旦厢体内温度下降到低于第二温度值,第二温度值可以与第一温度值相同,压缩机205、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320被调节。在一种结构中,控制模块根据感测到的参数控制压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320的速度。在另一结构中,控制模块225根据所感测的参数控制压缩机205的速度,而冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320根据其所感测的参数和制冷控制逻辑算法简单地通电或断电。***负载235的各元件可以被分别控制和操作。例如,当控制模块225在调节***负载235的元件时,冷凝器风扇310可以打开,而蒸发器风扇320关闭,或冷凝器风扇310可以以高速运行,而蒸发器风扇320以低速运行。
控制模块225和电力电子控制器252进一步被配置为控制和/或调节交流发电机215的交流输出。因为内燃机205在路上在不同速度下表现不同,交流发电机215的交流输出必须被调节或稳定化,这通过电力电子控制器252感测各种参数来实现。这些参数可以是,例如,交流发电机215的交流输出和电力电子模块220的交流输出。控制模块225基于感测到的***负载235的参数将脉冲宽度调制(PWM)或模拟信号发送到电力电子控制器252。电力电子控制器252解释该信号。基于感测到的参数,电力电子控制器252计算出所需的电能电平。电力电子控制器252然后将一个信号发送到交流发电机电压调节器237,交流发电机电压调节器237通过调节励磁电流来控制/调节交流发电机的输出电压。控制和/或调节交流发电机215的交流输出的控制模块225有助于稳定电力电子模块220的运行和交流输出,其还有助于实现控制***负载235的控制要求。电力电子控制器252基于感测到的***负载235的参数,通过产生控制信号到整流器240和IGBT模块245,进一步调节电力电子模块220的交流输出。
图6是通过制冷单元105控制厢体温度的过程600。当控制模块225感测厢体110的温度时,过程600被执行(步骤605)。控制模块225确定厢体温度是否超出了范围(步骤610)。如果厢体温度处于范围内,则控制模块225通过维持电力电子模块220的交流输出,来维持压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320的运行速度(步骤615)。如果厢体温度超出范围,控制模块225确定厢体温度是否超出该范围(步骤620)。如果厢体温度不超出该范围,这意味着厢体温度低于该范围,控制模块225通过减小电力电子模块220的交流输出,来降低压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器风扇320的运行速度(步骤625)。如果厢体温度高于该范围,控制模块225通过调节电力电子模块220的AC输出,进而调节压缩机305、冷凝器风扇310和蒸发器的风扇320的运行速度(步骤630)。控制模块225然后返回步骤605。厢体110的其它参数以类似的方式被控制。
图7是用于控制和/或调节交流发电机215的交流电压输出的过程700。当电力电子控制器252感测到交流发电机215的交流电压输出时,执行过程700(步骤705)。电力电子控制器252然后接收来自控制模块225的代表***负载235的参数信号,然后根据各种感测到的参数决定是否需要对交流发电机215的输出交流电压进行调整(步骤710)。如果需要对交流发电机215输出的交流电压进行调整,电力电子控制器252基于使用控制逻辑预测的电机速度,将信号发送到交流发电机电压调节器237来调整励磁电流(步骤715)。如果交流发电机215的输出交流电压并不需要进行调节,电力电子控制器252维持交流发电机215的输出交流电压(步骤720)。电力电子控制器252然后返回步骤705。
因此,除了别的以外,本发明提供运输制冷单元。本发明的各种特征以及优点详细阐释于以下权利要求书中。
Claims (15)
1.一种移动环境控制单元,包括:
底盘;
由所述底盘支撑的厢体;
与所述厢体环境通信的环境控制***,所述环境控制***被配置成控制所述厢体中的环境参数,所述环境控制***包括:
交流发电机,所述交流发电机由内燃机提供动力并为所述环境控制***供电;
控制器,所述控制器被配置成:
监测所述厢体的环境参数,
监测所述交流发电机的一个或多个电参数,
基于监测到的环境参数控制所述环境控制***,以及
基于监测到的所述交流发电机的参数控制所述交流发电机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述环境控制***包括备用电源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述环境控制***包括制冷单元,所述制冷单元由所述底盘支撑,以及所述环境参数为厢体温度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述控制器通过被进一步配置被配置为改变所述温度从而控制所述制冷单元。
5.根据权利要求1所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述一个或多个电参数包括速度、电压和功率中的至少一个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述控制器被配置为通过被进一步配置为调节输出交流电压从而控制交流发电机。
7.一种移动环境控制单元的操作方法,所述移动环境控制单元包括:
底盘,
由底盘支撑的厢体,以及
与所述厢体环境通信的环境控制***,所述环境控制***包括交流发电机,所述交流发电机由内燃机提供动力并对所述环境控制***供电,所述方法包括:
监测所述厢体的环境参数;
监测所述交流发电机的一个或多个电参数;
基于监测到的环境参数控制所述环境控制***;以及
基于监测到的交流发电机参数控制所述交流发电机。
8.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述环境控制***包括备用电源。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述环境控制***为制冷单元,所述制冷单元由结构支撑,以及所述环境参数为所述厢体温度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:控制所述制冷单元改变所述温度。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述一个或多个电参数包括速度、电压和功率中的至少一个。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:控制所述交流发电机调节输出交流电压。
13.一种移动环境控制单元,包括:
底盘;
由所述底盘支撑的厢体;以及
与所述厢体环境通信的环境控制***,所述环境控制***被配置来控制所述厢体中的环境参数,所述环境参数至少包括厢体温度,所述环境控制***包括:
交流发电机,所述交流发电机由内燃机提供动力并为所述环境控制***供电;
控制器,所述控制被配置成:
监测所述厢体的环境参数,
监测所述交流发电机的一个或多个电参数,所述一个或多个参数包括速度、电压和功率中的至少一个,
基于监测到的环境参数控制所述环境控制***,以及
基于监测到的所述交流发电机的参数来控制所述交流发电机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述移动环境控制***包括备用电源。
15.根据权利要求13所述的移动环境控制单元,其特征在于:所述移动环境控制***包括由所述底盘支撑的制冷单元,以及所述环境参数为厢体温度。
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BR112014023315A8 (pt) | 2023-02-07 |
ES2827798T3 (es) | 2021-05-24 |
US20130248165A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
BR112014023315A2 (zh) | 2017-06-20 |
EP2828123A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2828123A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
BR112014023315B1 (pt) | 2023-10-31 |
EP2828123B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
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WO2013142227A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
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