CN104057046A - Low-frequency pulse electromagnetic casting method - Google Patents
Low-frequency pulse electromagnetic casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104057046A CN104057046A CN201310091447.XA CN201310091447A CN104057046A CN 104057046 A CN104057046 A CN 104057046A CN 201310091447 A CN201310091447 A CN 201310091447A CN 104057046 A CN104057046 A CN 104057046A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-frequency pulse electromagnetic casting method, relates to a metal casting technology, and solves the problem that a conventional electromagnetic casting technology cannot control a metal solidification process very well. The method comprises the steps as follows: a crystallizer is mounted on a casting machine of a middle pouring device; a magnet exciting coil connected with a low-frequency pulsed power source is mounted on the crystallizer; during casting starting, molten metal is poured into the crystallizer through the middle pouring device, the casting machine starts to speed up, a dummy ingot device pulls a casting blank out of the crystallizer, simultaneously, the low-frequency pulsed power source is switched on, the pulse current passes the magnetic exciting coil to generate a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field with high low-frequency magnetic field strength, and the magnetic field acts on the molten metal to have mixing and magnetic pressure functions; and during casting ending, the rising speed of the casting machine is reduced, and simultaneously, the low-frequency pulsed power source is switched off. According to the method, the magnetic field strength is high, and the high-strength low-frequency pulsed magnetic field can be generated, so that high electromagnetic force is obtained; and the generated electromagnetic field has double functions of mixing and magnetic pressure, accordingly, not only can the surface quality of the casting blank be improved, but also the solidification structure of the casting blank is refined, and the isometric crystal rate is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal casting technique, refer in particular to a kind of low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method.
Background technology
Defect free slab has high requirement to internal soundness and external mass, and the behavior of solidifying that utilizes electromagnetic force control strand is means that effectively improve slab quality, such as: utilize high frequency magnetic field (>10
3hz) soft contact technique, can well eliminate the oscillation mark of casting billet surface; Utilize low frequency magnetic field (<10
1hz) electromagnetic agitating technology, can remove and be mingled with, and reduces the defects such as segregation and implosion.
The nineties in last century, French Vives proposes CREM technology (Casting, Refinement, Electromagnetic field), and it is mainly to utilize low frequency alternating magnetic field (10
1～10
3hz), there is crystal grain thinning and the compound action of improving cc billet surface quality.But the magnetic field intensity peak value of this technology lower (magnetic field intensity peak value is approximately 0.2T), for the larger steel of density, it can not meet magnetic field intensity requirement, and increasing magnetic field, because this magnetic field is the alternation of stable state, this needs huge water cooling equipment, and power-supply device has been proposed to stricter requirement, require to realize High-current output under low-voltage, this needs comparatively expensive silicon controlled rectifier.
Pulse technique has distinct instantaneous mutation characteristic, is incorporated in electromagnetic field field, has the following advantages: one, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, pulse electromagnetic field produces very strong induced current at short notice, and this just provides possibility for producing the stronger field of force; Two, at the bottom of pulse electromagnetic field mean consumption power, and because the time compole of generation Joule heat is short, can save huge cooling device, this just provides possibility for producing stronger magnetic field.The existing pulse current that utilizes passes into magnet exciting coil to produce pulsed magnetic field at present, and melt is produced to electromagnetic viscosimeter effect.Also there is the shake method of oscillation technology fining metal crystal grain of magnetic of utilizing.These the two kinds methods that produce pulsed magnetic field are mainly to adopt high voltage, the large condenser type pulse power, its principle is all to utilize large capacitance energy storage abrupt release, produce high-intensity magnetic field, these technology only have the simple function that utilizes the acoustic wave effect thinning solidification structure that pulsed magnetic field causes, and due to the impact of Kelvin effect, this technology is for small size sample successful, but is still not clear for industrial production large scale strand thinning effect.In addition, such power source charges and discharge time are long, and discharge time too low (about 3 left and right) in the unit interval, is unfavorable for metal solidification process to control.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problem existing in order to overcome prior art, a kind of low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method of controlling steel, aluminum metal process of setting is provided, the method has compound action effect, not only can obtain good cc billet surface quality, and can obtain the solidified structure of refinement.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method, it comprises:
S1 installs crystallizer on the casting machine of middle apparatus for pouring;
S2 installs a magnet exciting coil being connected with low-frequency pulse power supply on described crystallizer;
S3, when opening while watering, metal bath injects in crystallizer by middle apparatus for pouring, casting machine starting raising speed, strand is pulled out crystallizer by dummy device, open low-frequency pulse power supply, pulse current produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of low-frequency strong magnetic field intensity by magnet exciting coil simultaneously, and this low frequency pulsed magnetic fields acts on metal bath and plays and stir and magnetic pressure effect;
S4, in the time watering eventually, casting machine raising speed reduces, and cuts simultaneously and closes low-frequency pulse power supply.
Described crystallizer is joint-cutting water-cooled crystallizer, and joint-cutting place inserts mica or pottery, and adopts sealant sealing.
Described magnet exciting coil is arranged on the meniscus place of crystallizer metal bath.
Described magnet exciting coil connects low-frequency pulse power supply and has formed a low frequency pulsed magnetic fields circuit for generating, wherein, low-frequency pulse power supply is a capacitance energy storage type low-frequency pulse power supply, produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of described low-frequency strong magnetic field intensity after the output of this power supply is connected with described magnet exciting coil.
Described low-frequency range is 10
1-10
3hz.
Described high-intensity magnetic field intensity is magnetic field intensity >1T.
The pulse current waveform of described low frequency pulsed magnetic fields is sinusoidal wave, pulsed discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. magnetic field intensity of the present invention large (>1T).Because the type pulsed magnetic field is first by stored energy, then instantaneous discharge, can produce the magnetic field of higher-strength, thereby obtains large electromagnetic force.
2. the present invention has stirring and magnetic pressure function.Because the type pulsed magnetic field frequency is in 10
1～10
3within the scope of Hz, according to law of electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field of its generation has stirring and magnetic pressure dual-use function, not only can improve the surface quality of strand, such as the oscillation mark of steel continuous casting process generation, and the solidified structure of refinement strand, improve equiaxed zone ratio.
3. power-supply device of the present invention is simple.Because the type magnetic field is snap, this is different from the continuous action of electromagnetic agitation, so do not need huge water cooling equipment; Simultaneously, electromagnetic agitation is in order to realize higher magnetic field intensity, need low-voltage, High-current output, this has just proposed requirement to power-supply device, need expensive silicon controlled rectifier, and the type pulsed magnetic field is because be by magnetic field energy storage, then discharges, this does not need rectifying installation, can obtain the current value of larger intensity.
The present invention not only can be applied to steel by black metal continuous cast technique, also can be applicable to the non-ferrous metal such as aluminium, magnesium technique.For steel billet, the degree of depth in melt height and liquid cave reaches several meters conventionally, for magnesium, aluminium alloy, the total height in melt and liquid cave is about 15cm left and right, be about the height of crystallizer, its result is exactly between Mould and Secondary Cooling water, to put bulky electromagnetic stirring equipment by relative narrow space lining, is difficult to realize in actual production process.And the coil height of the pulsed magnetic field that this technology adopts can meet the demands.
For further illustrating above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, design feature and effect, below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of middle-low frequency pulse magnetic generation circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields current waveform figure that Fig. 1 circuit produces;
Fig. 3 is the crystallizer using in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention uses the simplified schematic diagram on 160 × 160mm billet caster;
Fig. 5 is low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment is elaborated to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Principle based on existing CREM technology and pulsed magnetic field moment can discharge the characteristic of macro-energy, and the present invention proposes low-frequency pulse electromagnetism foundry engieering CR-PMF(Casting, Refinement, Pulsed Magneticfield).First, the frequency in this magnetic field is in 10
1～10
3within the scope of Hz, there is the compound action of improving cc billet surface quality and crystal grain thinning.This technology mainly utilizes storage capacitor by energy storage in addition, then within very short time, discharges to magnet exciting coil, produces required impulse magnetic field intensity peak (>1T).
According to electromagnetic field principle, the Lorentz force that alternating magnetic field excites can be divided into non-rotating f
irrotwith a revolution f
rot, it is generally acknowledged:
In formula: δ is collection skin layer thickness, the characteristic length that L is melt.This formula has reflected in alternating magnetic field, electromagnetic field stirring and two functions of magnetic pressure, the relation which function plays a major role.As the too small (<10 of single current waveform frequency
1hz), i.e. δ L>>1, at this moment agitating function plays a major role; When power frequency little, as the very large (>10 of single current waveform frequency
3hz), i.e. δ/L<<1, at this moment magnetic pressure function plays a major role; When δ/L ≈ 1, agitating function and magnetic pressure effect act on simultaneously, and this may for utilize single magnetic field to realize to improve Inner Quality of Billet and external mass to provide simultaneously.When frequency increases to f>v
s/ L, v
sfor sound wave propagation velocity, the electric and magnetic oscillation effect that pulsed magnetic field causes causes acoustic wave effect to melt, i.e. electromagnetic acoustic wave effect.
Principle of the present invention is: utilize the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields that frequency is 1-100Hz, on the one hand, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields produces electromagnetic force and the mixing power that direction back and forth changes in melt, under these two kinds of power compound actions, the dendrite of growing when the interior solidification of metal melt of crystallizer is fused, and forms nucleus propagation.And under these two kinds of power effects, the homogenising more of the temperature gradient distribution in crystallizer, thereby the solidified structure of acquisition refinement; On the other hand, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields produces magnetic pressure effect in melt, and due to " pinch effect " of pulsed magnetic pressure, melt pushed away from casting mold wall, forms " soft contact " effect, can significantly improve bath surface quality.
According to above-mentioned principle, the present invention adopts following technical proposal:
(1) the present invention produces low frequency pulsed magnetic fields power acquisition used capacitance energy storage type low-frequency pulse power supply, its work electricity principle as shown in Figure 1: Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of middle-low frequency pulse magnetic generation circuit of the present invention, two switch S of anode series connection of current source DC
1and S
2, the common port of two switches connects a storage capacitor C, and the other end of storage capacitor C connects the negative terminal of current source DC, second switch S
2the other end and the negative terminal of current source DC between be connected a magnet exciting coil L, in this circuit, the circuit in dotted line frame is low-frequency pulse power supply 4, two output terminals A of low-frequency pulse power supply 4, B connects respectively the two ends of magnet exciting coil L.In above-mentioned low frequency pulsed magnetic fields circuit for generating circuit, initial stage, the first switch S
1closure, second switch S
2in disconnecting, current source DC charges to storage capacitor C, in the time that the voltage on storage capacitor C reaches peak value, and the first switch S
1disconnect second switch S
2connect, storage capacitor C instantaneous time is to magnet exciting coil L electric discharge, and (waveform frequency scope is in 10 to produce low frequency
1-10
3hz) low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of high-intensity magnetic field intensity (>1T).
Fig. 2 utilizes the actual low frequency pulsed magnetic fields electric current current waveform figure that in oscilloscope measurement Fig. 1, circuit produces, in figure, and U
mfor pulse peak current, f
tfor pulsed discharge frequency, f
wfor impulse waveform frequency.For pulse voltage waveform, it determines that parameter has peak impulse voltage U
m, impulse waveform frequency f
w, pulsed discharge frequency f
t.
(2) in the present invention, be applied in the continuous casting or semi-continuous casting process of metal, the crystallizer adopting adopts joint-cutting water-cooled, as shown in Figure 3, the crystallizer 2 of the type is along longitudinal section, at a certain distance, cut out the gap 1 of certain length, in every gap 1, ecto-entad wall is inserted with the high-temperature insulation sheet that the material such as pottery or mica supports, and scribbles resistant to elevated temperatures fluid sealant on warm insulating trip.
(3) as the present invention, the magnet exciting coil L in Fig. 1 is arranged on to the position of the meniscus 3 of crystallizer metal bath, opening while watering, Metal in Tundish passes through submersed nozzle, in injection crystallizer, conticaster starting raising speed, strand is pulled out crystallizer by dummy device, open low frequency pulsed magnetic fields device simultaneously, in the time watering eventually, when raising speed reduces, cut and close low-frequency pulse power supply.
Fig. 4 is the simplified schematic diagram of utilization of the present invention on 160 × 160mm billet caster, in figure, the Metal in Tundish of middle apparatus for pouring 5 passes through submersed nozzle, inject crystallizer 2(joint-cutting water-cooled crystallizer) in, the magnet exciting coil L in Fig. 1 is arranged on the position of the meniscus 3 of crystallizer metal bath, two output terminals A of magnet exciting coil L and Fig. 1 middle-low frequency pulse power supply 4, B connects, form the casting of low-frequency pulse electromagnetism, wherein pulse current waveform is sinusoidal wave, pulsed discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.
The step of low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, comprises:
S1 installs crystallizer on the casting machine of middle apparatus for pouring, and the screen effect for fear of crystallizer to magnetic field makes the more effective metal bath that acts on of pulsed magnetic field, and crystallizer adopts joint-cutting water-cooled crystallizer.
S2 installs a magnet exciting coil being connected with low-frequency pulse power supply (as shown in Figure 1) on described crystallizer, and low-frequency pulse power supply is opened rear and magnet exciting coil formation low frequency (10
1-10
3hz) low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of high-intensity magnetic field intensity (>1T), for realizing the improvement of the inside and outside quality of strand, make low frequency pulsed magnetic fields put on the initial position that solidifies of metal, the meniscus place that magnet exciting coil is arranged on crystallizer metal bath is good, low-frequency pulse power supply adopts the low-frequency pulse power supply of capacitance energy storage type, current waveform in the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields forming is sinusoidal wave, pulsed discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.
S3, in the time that cast starts (open and water), metal bath injects in crystallizer by middle apparatus for pouring, casting machine starting raising speed, strand is pulled out crystallizer by dummy device, opens low-frequency pulse power supply simultaneously, pulse current produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of high-intensity magnetic field intensity (>1T) by magnet exciting coil, this low frequency pulsed magnetic fields acts on metal bath, and due to stirring and the magnetic pressure effect of low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, surface quality and the internal soundness of metal bath all improve.Wherein, casting machine raising speed is 0-2.0m/min, and crystallizer cross dimensions is: square billet length 1-200mm, circle base diameter 1-200mm, size of plate blank thickness 0-300mm, width: 0-2100mm.
S4, in the time that cast finishes (watering eventually), casting machine raising speed reduces, and cuts simultaneously and closes low-frequency pulse power supply.
Embodiment 1:
No longer there is δ → γ phase transformation in 304 austenitic stainless steels, there is no the inhibition of phase transformation to column crystal in grain growth process in the time solidifying, and causes its column crystal more flourishing, and proportion of equiaxed grain is on the low side.In addition, the surface of 304 austenitic stainless steels in casting process surface can form oscillation mark, in subsequent treatment, need to through processing after just its remove, this has significantly affected the recovery rate of product.
In enforcement, for 160*160mm billet caster, magnet exciting coil is installed with crystallizer meniscus place (apart from approximately 100mm of edge on crystallizer), magnet exciting coil is winding type, adopts water flowing hollow copper tubing, and material is red copper.Between coil, keep insulation.For fear of the shielding action of copper crystallizer, crystallizer adopts joint-cutting water-cooled, and joint-cutting place inserts the insulating materials such as mica or pottery, and adopts sealant sealing.Opening while watering, Metal in Tundish passes through submersed nozzle, in injection crystallizer, tundish starting raising speed, strand is pulled out crystallizer by dummy device, in the time that raising speed rises to 0.6m/min, opens low-frequency pulse power supply, pulse current produces low frequency pulsed magnetic fields by magnet exciting coil, and low frequency pulsed magnetic fields parameter is: discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.When raising speed rises to 0.8m/min, open mold liquid level checkout gear, change and be manually cast for automatic casting.In the time watering eventually, in the time that raising speed is down to 0.6m/min, first close mold liquid level checkout gear, close subsequently tundish slide plate, then cut and close low-frequency pulse power supply.
Apply after low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, the oscillation mark on 304 austenitic stainless steel surfaces alleviates, and the clear degree of depth of machine that this has reduced following process, has improved the recovery rate of becoming a useful person.In addition, apply after pulsed magnetic field, the solidified structure proportion of equiaxed grain of 304 austenitic stainless steels significantly increases, and loose, the segregation degree of solidified structure inside reduce simultaneously.
Embodiment 2:
In embodiment, select Sn-Pb20% alloy, melting temperature is 200 DEG C, when experiment, pouring temperature is 280 DEG C, casting machine crystallizer adopts joint-cutting water-cooled, is of a size of Φ 40mm × 120mm, and low-frequency pulse power supply is opened in cast simultaneously, pulse current produces low frequency pulsed magnetic fields by magnet exciting coil, and low frequency pulsed magnetic fields operational factors is: discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.Casting machine raising speed is 150-200mm/min.Do not add pulsed magnetic field, cc billet surface quality is coarse, applies after pulsed magnetic field, and slab quality obviously improves, smooth surface.Do not add pulsed magnetic field, alloy structure presents thick dendrite structure, applies after pulsed magnetic field, and thick dendrite refinement becomes chondritic.
The low-frequency pulse pulse electromagnetic casting method providing according to the inventive method has magnetic field intensity large, stir and magnetic pressure compound action, and power-supply device is simple, and working environment is required to the plurality of advantages such as low.Therefore, this technology is applied to some non-ferrous metals casting technique that electromagnetic agitation cannot be applied, such as aluminium, magnesium, nickel-base alloy etc., can prepares surface quality good, the strand that solidified structure crystal grain is tiny.And produce for dystectic continuous casting of iron and steel, such as stainless steel and silicon steel etc., it is good that the low-frequency pulse electromagnetism foundry engieering that this method provides can obtain surface quality, the strand of high equiaxed zone ratio, reduce the consumption of the clear and rolling mill practice of follow-up machine, improved the lumber recovery of metal.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, above embodiment is only for object of the present invention is described, and not as limitation of the invention, as long as in essential scope of the present invention, variation, modification to the above embodiment all will drop in the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method, is characterized in that comprising:
S1 installs crystallizer on the casting machine of middle apparatus for pouring;
S2 installs a magnet exciting coil being connected with low-frequency pulse power supply on described crystallizer;
S3, when opening while watering, metal bath injects in crystallizer by middle apparatus for pouring, casting machine starting raising speed, strand is pulled out crystallizer by dummy device, open low-frequency pulse power supply, pulse current produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of low-frequency strong magnetic field intensity by magnet exciting coil simultaneously, and this low frequency pulsed magnetic fields acts on metal bath and plays and stir and magnetic pressure effect;
S4, in the time watering eventually, casting machine raising speed reduces, and cuts simultaneously and closes low-frequency pulse power supply.
2. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described crystallizer is joint-cutting water-cooled crystallizer, and joint-cutting place inserts mica or pottery, and adopts sealant sealing.
3. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described magnet exciting coil is arranged on the meniscus place of crystallizer metal bath.
4. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described magnet exciting coil connects low-frequency pulse power supply and has formed a low frequency pulsed magnetic fields circuit for generating, wherein, low-frequency pulse power supply is a capacitance energy storage type low-frequency pulse power supply, produces the low frequency pulsed magnetic fields of described low-frequency strong magnetic field intensity after the output of this power supply is connected with described magnet exciting coil.
5. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
Described low-frequency range is 10
1-10
3hz.
6. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
Described high-intensity magnetic field intensity is magnetic field intensity >1T.
7. low-frequency pulse electromagnetism casting method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
The pulse current waveform of described low frequency pulsed magnetic fields is sinusoidal wave, pulsed discharge frequency f
tbe 1～25Hz, impulse waveform frequency f
wbe 10～50Hz, peak impulse voltage U
mbe 100～500V.
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ID=51545142
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108465792A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of difference phase impulse magnetic field electromagnetic continuous casting process |
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| CN1555299A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2004-12-15 | SMS�����ɷݹ�˾ | Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls |
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| CN101733381A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Magnetic pulse semi-continuous casting device and casting method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1246817A (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 2000-03-08 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Continous casting apparatus using molten metal level gauge |
| CN1555299A (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2004-12-15 | SMS�����ɷݹ�˾ | Method and device for producing a metal strip in a strip casting machine with rolls |
| WO2004043629A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Shaupoh Wang | Electromagnetic die casting |
| CN1714967A (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Multilayer glue jointing sealing method for full water cooling cutting seam soft contact crystallizer cutting seam |
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| CN108465792A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-08-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of difference phase impulse magnetic field electromagnetic continuous casting process |
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Application publication date: 20140924 |
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