CN103737024A

CN103737024A - Machining method for rolling bearing with ring precisely shaped by hard finishing

Info

Publication number: CN103737024A
Application number: CN201410020225.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵联春; 赵思澄; 陈淑英
Original assignee: Shanghai F & S Bearing Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai F & S Bearing Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-26
Filing date: 2014-01-16
Publication date: 2014-04-23
Anticipated expiration: 2034-01-16
Also published as: CN103737024B; CN103331456A

Abstract

Disclosed is a machining method for a rolling bearing with a ring precisely shaped by hard finishing. The machining method is characterized in that an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing are integrally precisely shaped by hard finishing or the key surface of a ring part is precisely shaped by hard finishing; the key surface comprises raceways, raceway flanges, raceway oil grooves, seal grooves, ring flanges, grooved raceway edge chamfers and the like; precise shaping by hard finishing takes the place of grinding (such as the raceways) shaping and shaping by soft finishing (such as the sealing grooves), so that technical and quality problems of limited shape design of a raceway section, grinding badness even burn injuries and the like are solved; the technical and quality problems of low machining precision, heat treatment distortion and the like existing in shaping surfaces of the sealing grooves, the grooved raceway edge chamfers and the like by soft finishing are solved by precise hard finishing, so that the surfaces of the ring can be designed according to the operating condition and can be shaped precisely in a quite high mode, and the key surface of the ring can be controlled in shape and performance, and designing and manufacturing of the high-performance rolling bearing high in sealability and reliability and the like are of great practical engineering significance.

Description

The processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of rolling bearings, particularly the processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso.

Background technology

Along with main frame is to high speed, heavy duty, green, high reliability development, rolling bearing has been proposed to more and more higher requirement, especially require to have higher operational reliability and longer service life.

Theory and practice is verified, the key factor that affects bearing operational reliability and life-span is divided into two large aspects, first is exactly sealed precision and reliability, sealed precision is not high, unreliable, result is exactly that lubricating grease in the bearing various foreign matters outside bearing outward leakage and bearing are invaded in bearing, cause lubrication failure, seal failure, wear out failure, and these lost efficacy with respect to classical fatigue flake inefficacy, all belong to tribology failure mode, initial failure form, thereby greatly reduce operational reliability and the service life of bearing; The physics of the geometric accuracy of the second bearing ring and rolling element working surface and surface, subsurface, chemistry and mechanical performance, be shape and performance, if the shape of these working surfaces and performance can not get good control, such as there is larger geometrical deviation, local defect, grinding burn or grinding skin, drawing stress on surface or surface stress, concentrate, all will enlarge markedly the contact stress of bearing inside or significantly reduce the bearing capacity of bearing, increase bearing and early send out the risk of wear out failure and fatigue flake inefficacy, reduce operational reliability and the service life of bearing.

And exactly there is the problem in principle and method to improving sealed precision, the shape of effectively controlling bearing working surface and the aspect of performance of bearing in prior art.Because how bearing failure is first sent out in bearing collar path, again because, in the situation that seal is definite, the sealed precision of bearing depends on the accuracy of manufacture of lasso, therefore, the method that shapes of bearing ring just becomes the key in the middle of crucial.

Following processing technology is taked in the manufacture of prior art bearing ring conventionally: blank forming (forging or pipe fitting) → annealing → turning or cold rolling → quenching, tempering → grinding → raceway superfinishing, have 6 large class operations, wherein, grinding process comprises again grinding set circle external diameter or internal diameter, grind two end faces, mill rib and mill raceway 4 operations, therefore, after lasso heat treatment, outer ring or inner ring all at least experience 4 grindings and 1 superfinishing, consider that grinding and superfinishing generally all can be divided into corase grind and fine grinding, extra coarse and essence are super, therefore, outer ring or inner ring will be through at least 10 procedures ability moulding, produce thus following problems:

(1) lasso all surface all on different equipment with different processing mode machine-shaping, shape between each surface and positional precision, such as the relative-position error of seal groove and raceway face, external diameter surface, inside diameter surface, be just difficult to ensure card, have influence on the sealed precision of bearing;

(2) turning before heat treatment of lasso seal groove completes, the deformation of can quenching during heat treatment, and seal groove again cannot not be reprocessed after heat treatment, has influence on the sealed precision of bearing;

(3) other surface of the lasso except seal groove, many employing grindings and the moulding of superfinishing mode, take raceway as example, after heat treatment, at least experience corase grind, fine grinding, extra coarse and essence and surpass four operations, position error, error are rerun a movie unavoidable, have the geometric errors such as out-of-roundness, percent ripple, the error of this analogy roughness macroscopic view, can not remove by superfinishing;

(4) grinding belongs to random material removal processing, process is also the process that on emery wheel, abrasive particle comes off at random, these abrasive particles that come off can be attached in raceway face, are rolled into raceway face, also can abrade raceway face, therefore, through the raceway face of grinding-shaping, its local defect is unavoidable in theory, and stress concentrates on local defect place and produces, destroy integrity of shape and the full performance of raceway face, become bearing wear source and tired source;

(5) grinding radiating condition is poor, so grinding area extreme temperatures, to inevitably produce grinding burn or grinding skin, hardness and the bearing capacity of raceway face have been reduced, in addition grinding easily produces drawing stress on surface, even if or produce compression, the degree of depth of compressive stress layer is also superficial, cannot realize the Anti-fatigue manufacture of rolling bearing lasso;

(6) manufacturing procedure is many, and device type and quantity that processing is employed are many, needs the tooling fixture of preparation many, and the labour of input is many, and in addition, all process steps all needs cutting fluid, and therefore, the processing method of prior art bearing ring is also uneconomical, not green;

(7) ball race grinding generally adopts electric magnetic no-core jig, and this jig can not adsorb and do not have magnetic material, so, to stainless steel lasso, nonmetal lasso etc., cannot carry out grinding;

(8) electric magnetic no-core jig supports raceway infeed centreless grinding and cuts mode, when processing thin-walled lasso, because electromagnetic attraction can cause lasso distortion, cannot obtain high machining accuracy; At the less lasso raceway that waits shape matching complexity of processing ring face area, while being slender axles such as shaft connecting bearing inner ring, because electromagnetic attraction is inadequate, cannot obtaining high machining accuracy or cannot process at all;

(9) shape of bearing ring seal groove and positional precision directly have influence on the sealed precision of bearing and prevent dust, leak fat and temperature rise performance, and and then have influence on operational reliability and the service life of bearing, and the shape of seal groove and positional precision are determined by its machine-shaping mode.In prior art, bearing ring seal groove is all soft car moulding, after lasso heat treatment, no longer processes.There is following deficiency or defect in the soft car moulding of bearing ring seal groove: (1) soft turning is because material is hard not, be difficult to obtain higher surface smoothness, even can there is lathe tool silk, when adopting contact seal, easily cause the sealing lip wearing and tearing of the seal of contact with it, and then affect dustproof, the sealing life of bearing; (2) seal groove is when soft turning, and outer ring often positions with the outer round surface after soft car, and inner ring often positions with the internal circular surfaces after soft car, and the precision of these locating surfaces that soft car goes out all can not be very high, so the accuracy of form and position of seal groove is limited; (3) seal groove soft turning before heat treatment completes, the deformation of can quenching during heat treatment, and seal groove again cannot not be reprocessed after heat treatment, has influence on the sealed precision of bearing.

Meanwhile, prior art lasso ball race grinding and Oilstone super-finishing molding mode, also make the shape design of raceway be subject to great limitation:

Ball race grinding mainly adopts generation method or plunge method at present, superfinishing adopts reciprocating vibration method, this just defines the design form of raceway, to ball bearing, it can only be that single circular arc is determined curvature ditch shape raceway that raceway cuts shape, to roller bearing, it can only be to determine curvature straight line raceway that raceway cuts shape, as adopt other raceway to cut shape, and there is very large difficulty in grinding, and conformal microstoning (the raceway shape that keeps raceway design shape or grinding to obtain) just cannot realize principle.And single circular arc ditch shape raceway contacts with ball, there is a theoretical contact point, contact stiffness is restricted, and contact stiffness is high, first do not mean, under same external load and service condition, can there is larger relative displacement in outer ring and inner ring, thereby have influence on the seal clearance of bearing, the running accuracy and the sealed precision that have reduced bearing mean, the bearing capacity of bearing is restricted simultaneously; Straight line raceway contacts with roller, can at roller two ends, produce stress and concentrate, and this is obviously extremely harmful to the running stability of roller bearing and operational reliability.

In prior art, for improving bearing load carrying capacity, improve the contact stress of rolling element and raceway, also have and ball bearing race raceway is cut to shape be designed to non-single circular arc variable curvature ditch shape raceway, such as sharp peach-shaped ditch shape raceway, roller bearing ferrule raceway is cut to shape and be designed to variable curvature such as logarithm convexity shape, but, these variable curvature raceways cut shape and rely on existing grinding mode, cannot give precise forming, though superfinishing is ground the roughness that can reduce raceway face, but can not improve the form accuracy of raceway, even when superfinishing amount is larger, raceway form accuracy is also had to destruction, therefore, the situation that often occurs variable curvature raceway milu, such raceway is from improving the angle of bearing operational reliability and service life, even classical single circular arc ditch shape raceway and straight line raceway is all not so good as.Also have, rely on superfinishing to be ground into type variable curvature raceway, such as logarithm crowned raceway, raceway form parameter is very limited, such as, convexity can not be large, otherwise working (machining) efficiency and cost just can not bear, but for bearing heavily loaded roller bearing, sometimes, large protruding amount design is necessary.The wedge shape raceway that unilateral bearing adopts, raceway is comprised of several lozenges and wedge-shaped slot, more cannot be by grinding moulding.

In a word, no matter existing bearing ring grinding and superfinishing molding mode, be for determining curvature ditch shape and non-ditch shape raceway, variable curvature ditch shape and non-ditch shape raceway, all having more outstanding technology, quality problems.Therefore, research, the processing and fabricating method that invention bearing ring is new, the positional precision that overcomes lasso raceway face that prior art grinding brings and subsurface performance deficiency, the relative bearing mounting surface of seal groove and working surface is not high, bearing collar path cuts that shape adopts that variable curvature design is limited, equipment frock drop into large, must adopt existing a series of technology, quality, efficiency, cost and the environmental issues such as the inadequate environmental protection of cutting fluid, realize Anti-fatigue manufacture and the green manufacturing of bearing, seem very urgent and necessary.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso, to overcome shape and the performance on existing bearing manufacture craft very complicated, high cost, inadequate environmental protection and lasso groundwork surface, cannot be able to the good problem guaranteeing from principle, developing bearing ring antifatigue, green molding mode.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rolling bearing product that is applicable to the whole accurate hard car moulding of lasso or the accurate hard car moulding of part, to overcome, the raceway design shape that existing rolling bearing lasso adopts grinding and the moulding of superfinishing mode to exist is limited, sealed precision is difficult to guarantee, shape and the performance of raceway can not get good control, thereby hinders that bearing operational reliability further improves and the further problem of prolongation of service life.The noun of mentioning in literary composition " soft car " is for lasso is in the presclerotic turning processing of heat-treatment quenching, and " hard car " is the turning processing of lasso after heat-treatment quenching sclerosis.The inventive method is suitable for processing criterion and non-standard rolling bearing.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The present invention is the processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso, described rolling bearing comprises rolling element, the retainer between inner ring, outer ring, embedding outer ring raceway and inner ring raceway or also comprises lubricant and seal, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

1) lasso processing, comprises following operation:

1. preparation leaves semi-finished product inner ring, the outer ring of allowance,

2. will leave semi-finished product inner ring, outer ring quenching, the tempering heat treatment of allowance,

3. the inner ring after heat treatment, outer ring are carried out respectively to the accurate hard car processing and forming of integral body, or the accurate hard car processing and forming of part;

2) bearing assemble assembling, inner ring, outer ring and finished product rolling element sorting trap after the accurate hard car processing and forming in whole or in part by step 1) in 3., and complete the assembling of a whole set of bearing.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: the accurate hard car moulding of the integral body of step 1) described in 3. comprises accurate hard car datum level, reaches the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; Then with described datum level, be as the criterion, the location that is installed, all the other positions of accurate hard car, reach the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; The accurate hard car processing and forming of the part of step 1) described in 3. comprises grinding datum level, reaches the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; Then with described datum level, be as the criterion, the location that is installed, all the other positions of accurate hard car, reach the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design;

Installation matching surface when described datum level is inner ring, outer ring use, the datum level of inner ring comprises end face and internal circular surfaces, the datum level of outer ring comprises end face and outer round surface; The inner ring of shaft connecting bearing (for example Figure 17, Figure 23 C) is an axle, and it installs end face and outer round surface that matching surface comprises axle;

All the other described positions comprise raceway, ditch type raceway edge chamfer (for example 2425 in Figure 24 D), non-ditch shape raceway rib (for example 2124 in Figure 21 B), non-ditch shape raceway oil duct (for example 723 in Fig. 7), lasso rib (for example 2225 in 2215 in Figure 22 A, Figure 22 B) and the seal groove (for example 2224 in 2214 in Figure 22 A, Figure 22 B) of lasso;

Described seal groove comprises on outer ring and inner ring for fixing seals with seal and forms concave station and the groove of sealing pair;

Described seal comprises skeleton rubber seal, plastic seal ring, dust cap, back-up ring, guard ring, dust seal assembly and oil sealing etc.;

To biserial or multirow bearing, all raceways on its lasso are accurate hard car moulding in the location that is once installed.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: the raceway of the hard car moulding of described precision, non-ditch shape raceway rib surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank; Ditch shape raceway edge chamfer, non-ditch shape raceway oil duct, lasso rib, seal groove surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, its shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: the raceway of described lasso comprises determines curvature ditch shape raceway, and its cross sectional shape comprises single circular arc (for example 121 in Fig. 1); Variable curvature ditch shape raceway, its cross sectional shape comprises ellipse (for example 221 in Fig. 2), hyperbola, parabola and composite curve (can with reference to 221 in Fig. 2), and described composite curve comprises sharp peach-shaped (for example 321 in Fig. 3 and 322) and goes sharp peach-shaped (for example 421 in Fig. 4,422 and 423); And bottom for example, with the ditch shape raceway (621 in Fig. 6,622 and 623) of depot fat groove.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: the raceway of described lasso comprises determines the non-ditch shape of curvature raceway, and its cross sectional shape comprises single straight line (for example 721 in Fig. 7), three sections of straight lines (referring to 821 in Fig. 8) and single orthodrome; The non-ditch shape of variable curvature raceway, its cross sectional shape comprises logarithmic curve (for example 921 in Fig. 9), hyperbola, two sections of straight line folders one section of circular arc, multi-section circular arc and composite curve; Also comprise the convex raceway (for example 921 in Fig. 9) that the wedge shape raceway (for example 1021 in Figure 10 and 1022) that is comprised of some lozenges and wedge-shaped slot and protruding amount are >0 to 0.5 millimeter.All the other positions of the hard Trucks processing of above-mentioned each, can need select according to the product design of corresponding bearing, just illustrate herein, and concrete application is referring to embodiment hereinafter.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: described cover loop material comprises bearing steel material, engineering ceramics, engineering plastics, carbon graphite and composite.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: described step 1) 1. in, the inside and outside lasso semi-finished product of described bearing adopt prior art to comprise that soft car, buffing, cold rolling or powder metallurgy process make.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, it is characterized in that: described step 2), when sorting trap, variable curvature or bottom are opened to the ditch shape raceway of depot fat groove, ball and outer ring raceway or inner ring raceway are at 2 while contacting, and contact point is in lasso raceway bottom, the diameter at contact point place directly related with design bearing play on lasso raceway are converted into raceway base diameter and using it as trap size, carry out the sorting trap of lasso and ball, realize the control to bearing clearance.

The processing method of described rolling bearing, is characterized in that: in described step 1), also comprise step 1) 4. after 3., described step 1) be 4. internally, the raceway of outer collar and raceway rib carry out that superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing.

Be suitable for the rolling bearing with described method processing, it is characterized in that the groove-section shape of the inside and outside lasso of described rolling bearing comprises: determine curvature and variable curvature ditch shape raceway; Bottom is with the ditch shape raceway of depot fat groove and determine curvature and the non-ditch shape of variable curvature raceway; Also comprise wedge shape raceway and convex raceway.

The accurate hard car moulding of lasso of the present invention (comprises accurate hard car moulding in whole or in part, the processing method of rolling bearing down together), surface accuracy after the accurate hard car moulding of lasso reaches fine grinding level, therefore, for most bearings, when lasso raceway face roughness is not had to excessive demand, after the accurate hard car moulding of lasso, no longer raceway is carried out to other machining; To minority bearing, lasso raceway face roughness is required when high, after the accurate hard car moulding of lasso, can carry out to lasso raceway face the polishing processing such as superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling, polishing.

" lasso ", " inner ring ", " outer ring " are the general designations of the parts to contacting with rolling element higher pair in rolling bearing, and to thrust bearing, its " lasso " is exactly " packing ring ", and " inner ring " is exactly " blowout patche ", and " outer ring " is exactly " seat ring "; To shaft connecting bearing, its " inner ring " is exactly " axle ".But how tubular construction does not change, how appellation changes, installation matching surface when these parts have bearing to use, there is raceway, to sealed bearing, also have seal groove, the present invention will have on the raceway on these parts, seal groove etc. the hard car moulding of surface accurate of crucial impact on bearing performance, when the hard car moulding of precision, the installation matching surface of usining on it is as positioning datum, and these positioning datums are in advance by mode precise formings such as accurate hard car or grindings.

The processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso of the present invention, the rolling bearing of comparing existing technology bearing ring grinding processing method and making thus, have the following advantages: the design of (1) raceway shape is no longer subject to the restriction of processing method, the lasso raceway contacting with rolling element cuts shape and can be designed as and determine curvature raceway, also can be designed as variable curvature raceway, under some operating modes, can give full play between variable curvature raceway and rolling element contact stress evenly, rub little, temperature rise is low, service load and fast advantage.Such as, to the lasso ditch shape raceway contacting with ball, its cross sectional shape can be designed as ellipse or composite curve, forms or Multi-contact at 2 with ball, to improve the contact stiffness of bearing, thereby improves the dynamic seal (packing) precision of bearing and the bearing capacity of bearing, can also open grease storage groove in ditch shape raceway bottom, improve the greasy property of bearing, roller bearing ferrule raceway bus be can be designed as to the needed convex of any operating mode and protruding amount, thus the stress concentration phenomenon forming while avoiding roller end to contact with raceway, running stability and the operational reliability of raising bearing, (2) all hard car moulding of lasso all surface or part surface, especially raceway, raceway rib, oil duct, lasso rib and seal groove all in, installation matching surface when outer collar is used is processed for origin reference location, to even hard car moulding in the location that is once installed of large scale bearing (corresponding seal groove width is larger), the form accuracy on each surface self and the relative-position error between each surface have been guaranteed, thereby running accuracy and the sealed precision of bearing have been significantly improved, in addition after the hard car of seal groove, no longer heat-treat, there is not heat treatment deformation problem, make the sealed precision of a whole set of bearing obtain guaranteeing very reliably from principle and processing method, (3) each uniform surface of lasso time hard car moulding of processing precise (or grinding and accurate hard car moulding), same surface is through multiple devices, the location that is installed repeatedly, thereby avoided position error and error to rerun a movie, make each surface, especially the out-of-roundness error of raceway face, waviness error and raceway form error are able to good control, have improved running stability and the operational reliability of bearing, (4) be different from grinding and the random removing method of superlinishing material, hard Vehicle Processing belongs to the directed excision mode of material, especially the employing of numerically controlled lathe, even if for example, for variable curvature raceway and special-shaped raceway (wedge shape raceway), in the same old way can Precision Machining, and can guarantee the very high raceway accuracy of form and position, this to reducing the vibration noise of bearing, to improve the operational reliability of bearing highly beneficial, (5) do not exist in grinding and microstoning, during because of the Grain Falling Off on emery wheel and oilstone and not timely discharge machining area, cause the scuffing of processing roller surface, the problem of running over and injure, hard car can obtain the raceway face without local geometric defect principle, make shape and the performance of roller surface all be able to good control, thereby control the generation of even avoiding source of wear and tired source, realize Anti-fatigue manufacture, improved operational reliability and the service life of a whole set of bearing, (6) avoided the drawing stress on surface of raceway face grinding burn, grinding skin and the formation of grinding generation, hard car has obtained surface and the subsurface excellent properties of high rigidity, compression, thereby significantly improved bearing capacity and the anti-fatigue ability of bearing, improved operational reliability and the service life of bearing, (7) flexibility of hard Vehicle Processing is very strong, much complex-shaped, grinding and superfinishing almost cannot be made the lasso of moulding, the precision that car all can be very high is firmly made, and cover loop-shaped is more complicated, hard car is more obvious with respect to the advantage of grinding and superfinishing, thereby has widened the scope that designs and produces of the nonstandard bearing of high-performance, has shortened the R&D cycle of the nonstandard bearing of high-performance, (8) hard Vehicle Processing operation is few, and device type and quantity that processing is employed are few, needs the tooling fixture of preparation few, and the labour of input is few, is economical and efficient, meanwhile, process even can not adopt these chemical industry article of cutting fluid (dry cutting, the hard car of dry type), therefore can accomplish environmental protection to greatest extent, for Green design and the making of rolling bearing, has great importance.

The accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway, machining accuracy can reach grinding and even accurate grinding level, can meet the designing requirement of most bearing completed products lasso raceway, when the indexs such as raceway roughness are had to requirements at the higher level, after the hard car moulding of precision, can carry out that superfinishing is ground to raceway, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing; The accurate hard car moulding of lasso seal groove, machining accuracy can reach accurate soft car and even grinding level, meets the requirement of high sealing bearing completely.To sealed bearing, when outer ring raceway and outer ring seal groove all need accurate hard car, cycle surface and the outer ring outer round surface that the hard car of precision or accurate grinding cross of all usining carries out accurate digital control processing as positioning datum, when inner ring raceway and inner ring seal groove all need accurate hard car, inner ring end face and the inner ring outer round surface that the hard car of precision or accurate grinding cross of all usining carries out accurate digital control processing as positioning datum, not only improved thus working (machining) efficiency, and fundamentally guaranteed the relative-position error of bearing seal groove relative bearing working surface and mounting surface, increased substantially thus the sealed precision of bearing, this is steady to bearing, reliability service tool is of great significance.

For obtaining higher machining accuracy, generally take the hard turning machine of numerical control.Meanwhile, very large because hard car produces resistance to cutting, need machine tool chief axis, guide rail and ball-screw and whole lathe to there is very high rigidity.The hardness of hard Vehicle Processing material is all higher, therefore the cutter that will select special material to make, such as diamond cutter, cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutter, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutter, sintex, hard alloy cutter and various high-performance coating and self-lubricating knife tool.Cover loop material is contained all for the manufacture of the material of bearing ring with can be used for manufacturing the material of bearing ring, comprise steel, engineering ceramics, engineering plastics, carbon graphite and various composites etc., according to material and the shape of processing lasso, select the wet Cutting Process that there is no the dry Cutting Process of cutting fluid or have cutting fluid.

The accurate hard car moulding of bearing ring of the present invention, had both been different from prior art, and heat treated bearing ring chamfering is carried out to the hard car transformation of the way or the hard car seal groove transformation of the way on not with the bearing ring of seal groove, was different from again non-mill bearing ring moulding process.The local surfaces (being generally chamfering or seal groove) that the transformation of the way just cannot be carried out grinding to heat treated lasso is carried out hard car, does not relate to other significant surfaces that comprises lasso raceway; Non-mill bearing is generally used in all lower occasions of rotating speed and load, there is no special required precision, and lasso is generally punch forming, does not relate to grinding or hard Vehicle Processing after lasso heat treatment, does not more relate to accurate hard car.

Accurate hard car is different from the soft car of lasso before quenching, and the hardness of accurate hard car lasso is generally on 45HRC, and typical hardness range is 58HRC to 68HRC.

Accurate hard car is different from common hard car, the geometric accuracy on accurate hard car surface and the accuracy of form and position can reach the level that half fine grinding and even superfinishing are ground, such as the surface roughness Ra of bearing collar path can be less than 0.15 micron, out-of-roundness is less than 0.25 micron, and dimensional tolerance is less than 5 microns.

It should be noted that, on the outer ring (bearing parts or the parts at outer raceway place) that the whole accurate hard car moulding of lasso is meant to form bearing in the present invention and inner ring (bearing parts or the parts at interior raceway place), comprise that each main surface (for example, after metal ferrules heat treatment) after lasso integral macroscopic reaches design hardness of raceway mainly relies on turning processing (hard car) precise forming; The accurate hard car moulding of lasso part is meant in the present invention, to soft Vehicle Processing moulding lasso, by modes such as heat treatments, reach after design hardness, installation matching surface while first using by the inside and outside lasso of mode (such as grinding and superfinishing) machine-shaping beyond accurate hard car, inner ring is generally end face and internal circular surfaces, outer ring is generally end face and outer round surface, and then take these surfaces as positioning datum, the positions such as the raceway on accurate hard car lasso, ditch shape raceway edge chamfer, non-ditch shape raceway rib, non-ditch shape raceway oil duct, seal groove.But this does not get rid of indivedual surfaces (for example filling out segment mouth) on lasso and adopts hard milling, the harden-cutting mode that hard draw is cut etc. beyond hard car completes, also not getting rid of indivedual surperficial and indivedual regions (for example set screw hole on bearing with spherical outside surface inner ring) (for example, before metal ferrules heat treatment) before lasso integral macroscopic reaches design hardness on lasso relies on soft processing mode (for example boring) to complete, more do not get rid of, raceway is taked local impewdance matching or non-raceway position taked to the lasso of differential annealing, during hard car, excise the surface of different hardness (after local impewdance matching, the hardness of lasso raceway is higher than the hardness at other position simultaneously, after the differential annealing of non-raceway position, the hardness at other position of hardness ratio of annealing region is low).The processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso, also not getting rid of the protection of take of after the accurate car moulding firmly of lasso, lasso being carried out is the surface chemistry heat treatment of object, such as phosphatization, zinc-plated, spraying insulating barrier, do not get rid of take of raceway being carried out after the accurate hard car moulding of lasso yet and further improve raceway face and the subsurface that hardness, self lubricity, wearability and fatigue resistance etc. are object and process.

The present invention is not only applicable to single-row ball-bearing and single-row roller bearing, be applicable to the rolling bearing that biserial and multiple row ball bearing, biserial and multiple row roller bearing and biserial and multiple row comprise ball row and rows of rollers simultaneously simultaneously, roller bearing comprises cylinder roller bearing, taper roll bearing, self-aligning roller bearing and needle bearing, is therefore applicable to the rolling bearing of all types, size, structure and material.To biserial or multiple row rolling bearing, the biserial on lasso or multiple row raceway be accurate hard car moulding in the location that is once installed, and can better guarantee relative-position error high between each raceway.

In sum, the processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso of the present invention, make each surface of bearing ring especially raceway face obtained the very high accuracy of form and position and performance, improved the surface integrity of raceway, realized the Anti-fatigue manufacture of bearing ring, and to determining curvature raceway, variable curvature raceway, bottom, with ditch shape raceway and the wedge shape raceway of depot fat groove, can carry out high-efficiency and precision processing, processing method compared to existing technology, aspect bearing performance raising, advantage is outstanding.The rolling bearing that adopts accurate hard car moulding lasso trap to be assembled, compares with existing rolling bearing, has higher sealed precision, bearing rigidity, antiwear property and bearing capacity, thereby has higher operational reliability and longer service life.

Simultaneously, processing method of the present invention, due to the accurate hard car moulding of lasso, make the main surface that comprises raceway all with same positioning datum, a surperficial time processing is shaped, even all main surfaces can accurate hard car moulding in the location that is once installed, when making raceway shape and performance simultaneously controlled, also there is process equipment less investment, the advantages such as efficiency height, in addition can select to adopt dry cutting, half-dried cutting (micro cutting liquid is supplied with cooling or gas cooled), therefore for good basis has been laid in the green manufacturing of a whole set of rolling bearing, simultaneously, the flexibility of the accurate hard car processing and forming of lasso, also make the many kinds towards different operating modes, personalized, the customization of high-performance rolling bearing becomes a reality.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 determines curvature ditch shape raceway-single circular arc.

Fig. 2 variable curvature ditch shape raceway-single elliptic arc.

Fig. 3 variable curvature ditch shape raceway-peach-shaped.

The sharp peach-shaped of Fig. 4 variable curvature ditch shape raceway-go.

Fig. 5 variable curvature ditch shape raceway-bottom band U-shaped depot fat groove.

Fig. 6 variable curvature ditch shape raceway-bottom band circular arc depot fat groove.

Fig. 7 determines the non-ditch shape of curvature raceway-mono-section straight line.

Fig. 8 determines the non-ditch shape of curvature raceway-tri-section straight line.

The non-ditch shape of Fig. 9 variable curvature raceway-logarithmic curve.

The non-ditch shape raceway-wedge shape of Figure 10 raceway.

The single-row sealing four-point contact ball of the whole accurate hard car moulding of Figure 11 lasso.

Figure 12 is the ball bearing outer ring-elliptic roller track in Figure 11.

Figure 13 is the ball bearing inner race-elliptic roller track in Figure 11.

The single-row logarithm crowned raceway cylinder roller bearing of the whole accurate hard car moulding of Figure 14 lasso.

Figure 15 is outer ring-logarithm crowned raceway of the cylinder roller bearing in Figure 14.

Figure 16 is inner ring-logarithm crowned raceway of the cylinder roller bearing in Figure 14.

One row ball one row roller sealed bearing of the whole accurate hard car moulding of Figure 17 lasso.

Figure 18 is outer ring-go sharp peach-shaped raceway, the straight line raceway of the bearing in Figure 17.

Figure 19 is inner ring-go sharp peach-shaped raceway, the straight line raceway of the bearing in Figure 17.

Figure 20 is the sharp peach-shaped raceway enlarged diagram that goes in Figure 18 and Figure 19.

The single row roller bearing outer ring profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 21 A raceway.

The single row roller bearing inner ring profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 21 B raceway.

The single row roller bearing profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 21 C raceway.

The single-row sealing radial ball bearing outer ring profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 22 A raceway and seal groove.

The single-row sealing radial ball bearing inner ring profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 22 B raceway and seal groove.

The single-row sealing radial ball bearing profile of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 22 C raceway and seal groove.

Figure 22 D is that the seal groove in Figure 22 B is while being concave station shape.

Figure 22 E is that the seal groove in Figure 22 B is when developing into straight line and being lasso rib.

One ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 23 A raceway and seal groove rolls seal shaft connecting shaft bearing outer-ring profile.

One ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 23 B raceway and seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing inner ring profile.

One ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of Figure 23 C raceway and seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing profile.

Figure 23 D is that sharp peach-shaped raceway groove enlarged drawing is removed in the outer ring in Figure 23 A.

Figure 23 E is that the inner ring in Figure 23 B removes sharp peach-shaped raceway groove enlarged drawing.

The angular contact ball bearing outer ring profile of Figure 24 A raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib.

The angular contact ball bearing inner ring profile of Figure 24 B raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib.

The angular contact ball bearing of Figure 24 C raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib.

Figure 24 D is inner ring ditch shape raceway and raceway edge chamfer enlarged drawing in Figure 24 B.

Code name explanation in figure

In Fig. 1,11 is diameter D _bball, 12 is lasso, 121 is single circular arc ditch shape raceway, ball and raceway have a nominal contact point as circular solids stain in figure.

In Fig. 2,21 is diameter D _bball, 22 is lasso, 221 is single elliptic arc ditch shape raceway, the major axis of elliptic arc place ellipse is 2a, minor axis is 2b, ball and raceway have two nominal contact points as circular solids stain in figure, contact angle is α.

In Fig. 3,31 is diameter D _bball, 32 is lasso, 321 is peach-shaped raceway right half part, 322 is peach-shaped raceway left-half, ball and raceway have two nominal contact points as circular solids stain in figure, contact angle is α.

In Fig. 4,41 is diameter D _bball, 42 is lasso, 421 for removing sharp peach-shaped raceway right half part, 422 for going sharp peach-shaped raceway left-half, 423 for removing sharp peach-shaped raceway bottom circular arc, the left and right two halves circular arc of this circular arc and peach-shaped raceway is tangent, and ball and raceway have two nominal contact points as circular solids stain in figure, and contact angle is α.

Fig. 5 is the peach-shaped raceway bottom band U-shaped depot fat groove in Fig. 3, and 51 is diameter D _bball, 52 is lasso, 521 is peach-shaped raceway right half part, 522 is peach-shaped raceway left-half, ball and raceway have two nominal contact points as circular solids stain in figure, contact angle is α, 523 is U-shaped depot fat groove.

Fig. 6 is the peach-shaped raceway bottom band circular arc depot fat groove in Fig. 3, and 61 is diameter D _bball, 62 is lasso, 621 is peach-shaped raceway right half part, 622 is peach-shaped raceway left-half, ball and raceway have two nominal contact points as circular solids stain in figure, contact angle is α, 623 is circular arc depot fat groove.

In Fig. 7,71 is roller, and 72 is lasso, and 721 is one section of straight line raceway, and 722 is raceway rib, and 723 is oil duct.

In Fig. 8,81 is roller, and 82 is lasso, and 821 is three sections of straight line raceways, and 822 is raceway rib, and 823 is oil duct.

In Fig. 9,91 is roller, and 92 is lasso, and 921 is logarithm crowned raceway, and 922 is raceway rib, and 923 is oil duct.

In Figure 10,101 is diameter D _bcylindrical roller or needle roller, 102 is unilateral bearing outer ring, 1021 is one of them lozenges of outer ring raceway, 1022 is one of them wedge-shaped slot of outer ring raceway, outer ring raceway is comprised of some along the circumferential direction uniform lozenges and wedge-shaped slots.

In Figure 11,111 is outer ring, and 112 is inner ring, and 113 is ball, and 114 is retainer, and 115 is lubricating grease, and 116 is seal.

In Figure 12,1111 is outer ring outer round surface, and 1112 is outer ring both ends of the surface, and 1113 is outer ring raceway, and its cross section is ellipse arc, and 1114 is outer ring flange, and 1115 is outer ring seal groove.

In Figure 13,1121 is inner ring internal circular surfaces, and 1122 is inner ring both ends of the surface, and 1123 is inner ring raceway, and cross section is ellipse arc, and 1124 is inner ring rib, and 1125 is inner ring seal groove.

In Figure 14,141 is outer ring, and 142 is inner ring, and 143 is roller, and 144 is retainer.

In Figure 15,1411 is outer ring outer round surface, and 1412 is outer ring both ends of the surface, and 1413 is outer ring raceway, and raceway cuts shape for band convexity logarithmic curve.

In Figure 16,1421 is inner ring internal circular surfaces, and 1422 is inner ring both ends of the surface, and 1423 is inner ring raceway, and raceway cuts shape for band convexity logarithmic curve, and 1424 is raceway rib, and 1425 is raceway oil duct, and 1426 is inner ring rib.

In Figure 17,171 is outer ring, and 172 is inner ring, and 173 is ball, and 174 is roller, and 175 is ball row retainers, and 176 is rows of rollers retainer, and 177 is lubricating grease, and 178 is seal.

In Figure 18,1711 is outer ring outer round surface, and 1712 is outer ring both ends of the surface, and 1713 is outer ring ball row raceway, and cross section is for going sharp peach-shaped, and 1714 is outer ring rows of rollers raceway (outer ring flange), and cross section is straight line, and 1715 is seal groove.

In Figure 19,1721 is inner ring rib (inner ring rows of rollers raceway 1724, cross section is straight line), and 1722 is inner ring both ends of the surface, and 1723 is inner ring ball row raceways, and cross section is for going sharp peach-shaped.

In Figure 20, D _bfor ball diameter, O is the ball center of circle, O ₁and O ₂be respectively the center of circle of peach-shaped raceway right semi-circle arc and left semicircle arc, R is the radius of peach-shaped raceway bottom rounding (removing point).

In Figure 21,211 outer rings, 212 inner rings, 213 cylindrical rollers, 214 retainers, 2111 cycle surfaces, 2112 outer ring outer round surface, 2113 outer ring raceways, 2121 inner ring end faces, 2122 inner ring internal circular surfaces, 2123 inner ring raceways, 2124 inner ring raceway ribs.

In Figure 22,221 outer rings, 222 inner rings, 223 balls, 224 retainers, 225 lubricating grease, 226 seals, 2211 cycle surfaces, 2212 outer ring outer round surface, (major axis of elliptic arc place ellipse is 2a to 2213 outer ring elliptic arc ditch shape raceways _o, minor axis is 2b _o), 2214 outer ring seal grooves, 2215 outer ring flanges, 2221 inner ring end faces, 2222 inner ring internal circular surfaces, 2223 inner ring elliptic arc ditch shape raceways, the major axis of elliptic arc place ellipse is 2a _i, minor axis is 2b _i, 2224 inner ring seal grooves, 2225 inner ring ribs.

In Figure 23,231 outer rings, 232 inner rings, (diameter is D to 233 balls _b, the center of circle is O), 234 cylindrical rollers, 235 ball distance rings, 236 cylindrical roller retainers, 237 lubricating grease, 238 seals, 311 cycle surfaces, 2312 outer ring outer round surface, sharp peach-shaped raceway is removed in 2313 outer rings, 2314 outer ring straight line raceways, 2315 outer ring seal grooves, 2321 inner rings (mandrel) are held greatly outer round surface, 2322 inner rings (mandrel) small end outer round surface, and 2323 inner rings remove sharp peach-shaped raceway, 2324 inner ring straight line raceways, sharp peach-shaped raceway left semicircle arc is removed in 23131 outer rings, and (center of circle is O ₂) 23132 outer rings remove sharp peach-shaped raceway right semi-circle arc (center of circle is O ₁), sharp peach-shaped raceway bottom small arc-shaped is removed in 23133 outer rings, and 23231 inner rings remove sharp peach-shaped raceway left semicircle arc, and (center of circle is O ₂), 23232 inner rings remove sharp peach-shaped raceway right semi-circle arc, and (center of circle is O ₁), 23233 inner rings remove sharp peach-shaped raceway bottom small arc-shaped.

In Figure 24,241 outer rings, 242 inner rings, 243 balls, 244 retainers, 2411 cycle surfaces, 2412 outer ring outer round surface, 2413 outer ring channel shape raceways, 2414 and 2415 outer ring flanges, 2421 inner ring end faces, 2422 inner ring internal circular surfaces, 2423 inner ring ditch shape raceways, 2424 inner ring ribs, 2425 inner ring ditch shape raceway edge chamfers, this chamfering length is L, with the angle of rib be β.

The specific embodiment

The processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso of the present invention, comprising with whole accurate hard car replaces grinding and even microstoning to manufacture bearing ring, or with part critical surfaces (as raceway, seal grooves etc.) accurate hard car replaces grinding and even microstoning to manufacture bearing ring, thereby a series of quality that lasso grinding exists have been overcome, technology, efficiency, cost, the problems such as environment, at rolling element, lubricant, retainer is identical with seal and remain in the situation of better quality level, the rolling bearing that adopts processing method of the present invention to make is compared the rolling bearing that existing employing grinding processing method is made, there is higher running accuracy, sealed precision, operating reliability and longer service life.Simultaneously, processing method of the present invention, the advantage of the processing and fabricating odds ratio of variable curvature ditch shape raceway and non-ditch shape raceway being determined to curvature ditch shape raceway and non-ditch shape raceway is more obvious, this just makes, a section shape for lasso raceway can be designed towards operating mode, as long as can design, just can accurate hard car out, therefore, under the hard turning processing method of precision, adopt the design of variable curvature raceway, the contact stress of rolling element and raceway will obviously be improved, improve the contact stiffness of bearing, avoid the stress that roller end contacts with raceway to concentrate, all these, capital further promotes operational reliability and the service life of bearing.

After the accurate hard car moulding of the inventive method lasso, if operating condition has higher requirement to raceway roughness, can carry out that superfinishing is ground to raceway, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing.

Now by reference to the accompanying drawings, describe the present invention in detail.Be below the processing method embodiment of the whole accurate hard car moulding of lasso,

The processing method of the rolling bearing of embodiment 1, the whole accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso, as Figure 11-13, described rolling bearing is single-row sealing four-point contact ball, comprise inside and outside lasso 112,111, embed rolling element 113, retainer 114, lubricating grease 115 and seal 116 between outer ring raceway and inner ring raceway, comprise the following steps:

1) lasso processing, comprises following operation:

1. preparation leaves the inside and outside lasso 112,111 of semi-finished product of allowance,

2. the inside and outside lasso of the semi-finished product that leave allowance 112,111 is quenched, tempering heat treatment,

3. the inside and outside lasso after heat treatment 112,111 is carried out respectively to the accurate hard car moulding of integral body,

2) bearing assemble assembling, inner ring 112, outer ring 111 and finished product rolling element 113 sorting traps after the accurate hard car moulding of integral body by step 1) in 3., and complete the assembling of a whole set of bearing.

Undressed seal groove on the inside and outside lasso 112,111 of semi-finished product, on it, the raceway of processing, can be elliptic roller track or the single arc raceway similar with lasso finished product raceway shape.

Cover loop material adopts beating steel GCr15, normal quenching, and tempering is selected normal temperature tempering or high tempering according to bearing working temperature, in any case the hardness after tempering all can be more than HRC45.

The whole accurate hard car moulding in outer ring 111: first with outer ring flange 1114 or end face 1112 location, accurate hard turning surface 1111, installation matching surface-outer round surface 1111 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car goes out elliptic roller track 1113, rib 1114, Double End 1112 and seal groove 1115 successively.When bearing size is larger, when seal groove 1115 is enough wide, the hard Vehicle Processing of precision of whole outer ring 111 can be same as cutter (such as PCBN single-point lathe tool); When bearing is small-medium size, seal groove 1115 width have in limited time, and the hard car of precision of seal groove 1115 need to adopt the shaped profile turning cutter similar with seal groove profile (such as carbide alloy formed turning tool).

The whole accurate hard car moulding of inner ring 112: first with inner ring rib 1124 or end face 1122 location, accurate hard boring surface 1121, installation matching surface-internal circular surfaces 1121 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car goes out elliptic roller track 1123, rib 1124, Double End 1122 and seal groove 1125 successively.When bearing size is larger, when seal groove 1125 is enough wide, the hard Vehicle Processing of precision of whole inner ring 112 can be same as cutter (such as PCBN single-point lathe tool); When bearing is small-medium size, seal groove 1125 width have in limited time, and the hard car of precision of seal groove 1125 need to adopt the shaped profile turning cutter similar with seal groove profile (such as carbide alloy formed turning tool).

After outer ring 111 and inner ring 112 and whole accurate hard car are shaped, comprise that the machining accuracy of roughness can reach the level of fine grinding, for example raceway 1113, the 1123 surface roughness R after accurate hard car moulding _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank; Seal groove 1115,1125 surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank.

If according to bearing operating condition, after accurate hard car, when raceway face is done to further microstoning, after accurate hard car, all reach the cutting requirement of bearing completed products lasso; As made further ultraprecise to raceway face, add man-hour, will leave surplus during accurate hard car raceway, then by the roughness that superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing further reduce raceway face.

Outer ring 111, inner ring 112 are carried out to the sorting of raceway diameter when going out to meet the play of bearing finished products requirement with rolling element 113 assembly, because lasso raceway is elliptic arc, with contacting not in raceway bottom of rolling element 113, therefore the diameter at contact point place directly related with design bearing play on lasso raceway need to be converted into raceway base diameter and using it as trap size, carry out the sorting trap of lasso and ball, realize the control to bearing clearance.

After outer ring 111, inner ring 112, ball 113 sorting traps, install retainer 114 additional and make open bearing, grease up 115 and seal 116 make the single-row sealing four-point contact ball of the whole accurate hard car moulding of the lasso shown in Figure 11.

The processing method of the rolling bearing of embodiment 2, the whole accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso, as Figure 14-16, described rolling bearing is single-row logarithm crowned raceway cylinder roller bearing, comprise inside and outside lasso 142,141, embed rolling element 143, retainer 144 between outer ring raceway and inner ring raceway, comprise the following steps:

1) lasso processing, comprises following operation:

1. preparation leaves the inside and outside lasso 142,141 of semi-finished product of allowance,

2. the inside and outside lasso of the semi-finished product that leave allowance 142,141 is quenched, tempering heat treatment,

3. the inside and outside lasso after heat treatment 142,141 is carried out respectively to the accurate hard car moulding of integral body,

2) bearing assemble assembling, inner ring 142, outer ring 141 and finished product cylindrical roller 143 sorting traps after the accurate hard car moulding of integral body by step 1) in 3., and complete the assembling of a whole set of bearing.

Undressed oil duct on the inside and outside lasso 142,141 of semi-finished product, on it, raceway is processed as straight line.

Cover loop material adopts beating steel GCr15, normal quenching, and tempering is selected normal temperature tempering or high tempering according to bearing working temperature, in any case the hardness after tempering is all more than HRC45.

The whole accurate hard car moulding in outer ring 141: first with outer ring raceway 1413 or end face 1412 location, accurate hard turning surface 1411, installation matching surface-outer round surface 1411 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car goes out logarithm crowned raceway 1413, Double End 1412 successively.

The whole accurate hard car moulding of inner ring 142: first with inner ring raceway 1423 or lasso rib 1426 or end face 1422 location, accurate hard boring surface 1421, installation matching surface-internal circular surfaces 1421 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car goes out logarithm crowned raceway 1423, raceway rib 1424, oil duct 1425 and Double End 1422 successively.

After the whole accurate hard car of outer ring 141 and inner ring 142 is shaped, comprise that the machining accuracy of roughness can reach the level of fine grinding, if according to bearing operating condition, after accurate hard car, when raceway face is done to further microstoning, after accurate hard car, all reach the cutting requirement of bearing completed products lasso; As made further ultraprecise to raceway face, add man-hour, will leave surplus during accurate hard car raceway, then by the roughness that superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing further reduce raceway face.

To outer ring 141, inner ring 142 and cylindrical roller 143 sorting traps, install the single-row logarithm crowned raceway cylinder roller bearing that retainer 144 makes the accurate hard car moulding of the integral body shown in Figure 14 additional.

The processing method of the rolling bearing of embodiment 3, the whole accurate hard car moulding of a kind of lasso, as Figure 17-20, described rolling bearing is a row ball one row roller sealed bearing, comprise outer ring 171, inner ring (mandrel) 172, embed ball 173 between inside and outside circle ditch shape raceway, embed cylindrical roller 174, ball distance ring 175, roller retainer 176, lubricating grease 177 and seal 178 between the non-ditch shape of inside and outside circle raceway, comprise the following steps:

1) lasso processing, comprises following operation:

1. preparation leaves the inside and outside lasso 172,171 of semi-finished product of allowance,

2. the inside and outside lasso of the semi-finished product that leave allowance 172,171 is quenched, tempering heat treatment,

3. the inside and outside lasso after heat treatment 172,171 is carried out respectively to the accurate hard car moulding of integral body,

2) bearing assemble assembling, inner ring 172, outer ring 171 and finished product ball 173, finished product roller 174 sorting traps after the accurate hard car moulding of integral body by step 1) in 3., and complete the assembling of a whole set of bearing.

Undressed seal groove on the inside and outside lasso 172,171 of semi-finished product, on it, processing ditch shape raceway, can be peach-shaped raceway or the circular arc raceway similar with lasso finished product raceway shape, the non-ditch shape of processing linear shape raceway on it.

Outer ring 171 materials adopt beating steel GCr15, normal quenching, and tempering is selected normal temperature tempering or high tempering according to bearing working temperature, in any case the hardness after tempering all can be more than HRC45, inner ring 172 is different from general bearing inner race, a solid shafting, and raceway is directly processed on this root axle, be called shaft connecting bearing, inner ring adopts beating steel GCr15 or carburizing steel, when adopting beating steel GCr15, adopt high-frequency quenching, tempering, to reach " skin hard-core is soft ", when adopting carburizing steel, first carry out carburizing, then quench and lonneal, to reach equally " skin hard-core is soft ", hardness after tempering equally can be more than HRC45, the heat treatment mode that bearing inner race 172 is special, in order to prevent the fracture of inner ring 172 in installation or use procedure.

The whole accurate hard car moulding in outer ring 171: first with outer ring flange 1714 or end face 1712 location, accurate hard turning surface 1711, installation matching surface-outer round surface 1711 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car is gone out sharp peach-shaped raceway 1713, Double End 1712, straight line raceway (lasso rib) 1714 and seal groove 1715 successively.When bearing size is larger, when seal groove 1715 is enough wide, the hard Vehicle Processing of precision of whole outer ring 171 can be same as cutter (such as PCBN single-point lathe tool); When bearing is small-medium size, seal groove 1715 width have in limited time, and the hard car of precision of seal groove 1715 need to adopt the shaped profile turning cutter similar with seal groove profile (such as carbide alloy formed turning tool).

The whole accurate hard car moulding of inner ring 172: first with the accurate hard car external diameter surface (another part) in mandrel 172 external diameter surfaces (part) location, finally complete whole mandrel outer round surface 1721(straight line raceway face 1724) the hard car moulding of precision, installation matching surface-mandrel outer round surface 1721 when the bearing of then take uses is positioning datum, and accurate hard car is gone out sharp peach-shaped raceway 1723 and Double End 1722 successively.

This bearing outer ring non-ditch shape raceway and the non-ditch shape of inner ring raceway, raceway face is all wherein a part of (a section) of its place lasso ditch shape raceway rib.

After the whole accurate hard car of outer ring 171 and inner ring 172 is shaped, comprise that the machining accuracy of roughness can reach the level of fine grinding, if according to bearing operating condition, after accurate hard car, when raceway face is done to further microstoning, after accurate hard car, all reach the cutting requirement of bearing completed products lasso; As made further ultraprecise to wherein a row raceway or whole two row raceway face, add man-hour, will leave surplus during accurate hard car raceway, then by the roughness that superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing further reduce raceway face.

Outer ring 171, inner ring 172 are carried out to the sorting of raceway diameter when going out to meet the play of bearing finished products requirement with ball 173 assembly, because lasso raceway is for going sharp peach-shaped, with contacting not in raceway bottom of ball 173, therefore the diameter at contact point place directly related with design bearing play on lasso raceway need to be converted into raceway base diameter and using it as trap size, carry out the sorting trap of lasso and ball, realize the control to bearing clearance.

After outer ring 171, inner ring 172, ball 173, roller 174 sorting traps, install respectively ball row retainer 175 and rows of rollers retainer 176 additional and make open bearing, grease up 177 and seal 178 make a row ball one row roller sealed bearing of the whole accurate hard car moulding of the lasso shown in Figure 17.

Be below the embodiment of the accurate hard car method for processing forming of bearing ring part critical surfaces:

Embodiment 4.The single row roller bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway.As shown in figure 21, the single row roller bearing outer ring profile (Figure 21 A) of the accurate hard car moulding of raceway, the single row roller bearing inner ring profile (Figure 21 B) of the accurate hard car moulding of raceway and the single row roller bearing (Figure 21 C) that adopts this outer ring and inner ring.

This single row roller bearing comprises outer ring 211, inner ring 212, cylindrical roller 213, retainer 214, and wherein the raceway 2113 of outer ring 211 is, the accurate hard car moulding of the raceway 2123 of inner ring 212 and raceway rib 2124, without grinding.

Its cylindrical roller 213 of single row roller bearing, the processing and fabricating method of retainer 214 and the sorting trap assembly method of bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of this lasso raceway are with existing single row roller bearing, different is the processing and fabricating method of outer ring 211 and inner ring 212, specific as follows:

(1) preparation method of outer ring 211

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product cylinder roller bearing outer ring of allowance, adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

The quenching of semi-finished product cylinder roller bearing outer ring, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of outer ring end faces 2111 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Outer round surface 2112 to outer ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

End face 2111 and outer round surface 2112 with outer ring position, accurate hard car outer ring raceway 2113, make surface roughness Ra equal to be less than 0.4 micron, other shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement;

Chamfering between chamfering between outer round surface 2112 and end face 2111, raceway 2113 and end face 2111, by soft Vehicle Processing, formed, after end face 2111 and outer round surface 2112 grinding-shapings, the accurate hard car moulding of raceway 2113, these chamferings reach the designing requirement of finished product outer ring naturally;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2111 and outer round surface 2112 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after the accurate hard car of outer ring raceway 2113;

Outer ring raceway 2113 adopts accurate hard car moulding, and owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2113 cross sectional shapes can need design according to operating mode, be processed into and be not with protuberance shape and with the protuberance shape of any convex and protruding amount.

(2) preparation method of inner ring 212

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product cylinder roller bearing inner ring of allowance, adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

The quenching of semi-finished product cylinder roller bearing inner ring, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of inner ring end faces 2121 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Internal circular surfaces 2122 to inner ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

End face 2121 and internal circular surfaces 2122 with inner ring position, and accurate hard car inner ring raceway 2123 and raceway rib 2124, make surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, other shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement;

Chamfering and lasso rib 2125 between internal circular surfaces 2122 and end face 2121 are formed by soft Vehicle Processing, and after end face 2121 and internal circular surfaces 2122 grinding-shapings, these chamferings reach the designing requirement of finished product inner ring 212 naturally.When retainer 214 being designed to inner ring 212 guiding according to bearing operating condition, lasso rib 2125 also preferably be take end face 2121 and internal circular surfaces 2122 accurate car moulding firmly for positioning datum adopts;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2121 and internal circular surfaces 2122 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after inner ring raceway 2123 and the accurate hard car of rib 2124;

Inner ring raceway 2123, raceway rib 2124 adopt accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, the cross sectional shape of raceway 2123 and raceway rib 2124 can need design according to operating mode, be processed into and be not with protuberance shape and with the protuberance shape of any convex and protruding amount.

Then, by inner ring 212, outer ring 211 and rolling element 213 sorting traps, install retainer 214 additional, make the single row roller bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway as shown in Figure 21 C.

Embodiment 5.The single-row sealing radial ball bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway and seal groove.As shown in figure 22, the single-row sealing radial ball bearing inner ring profile (Figure 22 B) of the accurate hard car moulding of single-row sealing radial ball bearing outer ring profile (Figure 22 A), raceway and seal groove of the accurate hard car moulding of raceway and seal groove and the single-row sealing radial ball bearing (Figure 22 C) that adopts this outer ring and inner ring.

This single-row sealing radial ball bearing comprises outer ring 221, inner ring 222, ball 223, retainer 224, lubricating grease 225 and sealing ring 226, wherein the raceway 2223 of the raceway 2213 of outer ring 221, seal groove 2214 and inner ring 222, the accurate hard car of seal groove 2224 are shaped, without grinding.

The single-row sealing radial ball bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of this lasso raceway and seal groove, the sorting trap assembly method of the processing and fabricating method of its ball 223, retainer 224, lubricant 225, seal 226 and bearing is with existing single-row sealing radial ball bearing, different is the processing and fabricating method of outer ring 221 and inner ring 222, specific as follows:

(1) preparation method of outer ring 221

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product sealing radial ball bearing outer ring of allowance, adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

Semi-finished product sealing radial ball bearing outer ring quenching, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of outer ring end faces 2211 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Outer round surface 2212 to outer ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

As Figure 22 A, with end face 2211 and the outer round surface 2212 of outer ring, position, accurate hard car outer ring raceway 2213, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement; Accurate hard car outer ring seal groove 2214, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, its shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank, and all technical indicator reaches final design requirement;

Other surface on outer ring 221, such as lasso rib 2215, chamfering between outer round surface 2212 and end face 2211, generally by soft Vehicle Processing moulding, but when this bearing is designed to outer ring 221 guiding according to application operating mode by retainer, also can end face 2211 and outer round surface 2212 be positioning datum, adopt accurate hard car moulding;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2211 and outer round surface 2212 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after the accurate hard car of outer ring raceway 2213;

Outer ring raceway 2213 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2213 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into circular arc raceway groove, elliptic channel, sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, remove sharp peach-shaped raceway groove etc. according to operating mode, what accompanying drawing 22A represented is elliptic channel, and the major axis of raceway groove elliptic arc place ellipse is 2a _o, minor axis is 2b _o;

Outer ring seal groove 2214 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, seal groove 2214 cross sectional shapes can need design according to operating mode, are processed into linear, step, V-type, U-shaped etc., and what accompanying drawing 22A represented is U-shaped seal groove.

(2) preparation method of inner ring 222

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product sealing radial ball bearing inner ring of allowance, generally adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

The quenching of semi-finished product sealing radial ball bearing inner ring, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of inner ring end faces 2221 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Internal circular surfaces 2222 to inner ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

End face 2221 and internal circular surfaces 2222 with inner ring position, and accurate hard car inner ring raceway 2223, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement; Accurate hard car inner ring seal groove 2224, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, other shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank, and all technical indicator reaches final design requirement;

Other surface on inner ring 222, such as lasso rib 2225, chamfering between internal circular surfaces 2222 and end face 2221, generally by soft Vehicle Processing moulding, but when this bearing is designed to inner ring 222 guiding according to application operating mode by retainer, also can end face 2221 and internal circular surfaces 2222 be positioning datum, adopt accurate hard car moulding; While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2221 and internal circular surfaces 2222 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after the accurate hard car of inner ring raceway 2223;

Inner ring raceway 2223 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2223 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into circular arc raceway groove, elliptic channel, sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, remove sharp peach-shaped raceway groove etc. according to operating mode, what accompanying drawing 22B represented is elliptic channel, and the major axis of raceway groove elliptic arc place ellipse is 2a _i, minor axis is 2b _i;

Inner ring seal groove 2224 adopts accurate hard car moulding, and owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, seal groove 2224 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into groove type, concave table, straight line etc. according to operating mode, and what accompanying drawing 22B represented is groove type seal groove;

When seal groove 2224 is concave station, as shown in accompanying drawing 22D, the sealing lip of sealing ring 226 adjusts accordingly, and concave station shown in Figure 22 D 2224 forms dust seal pair;

As shown in accompanying drawing 22E, when seal groove 2224 develops into lasso rib 2225(, be that inner ring rib is not offered seal groove) time, in fact be exactly to utilize lasso rib 2225 to seal, the sealing lip of sealing ring 226 adjusts accordingly, and the lasso rib shown in Figure 22 E 2225 forms dust seal pair.

Then, by outer ring 221, inner ring 222 and ball 223 sorting traps, install retainer 224, lubricating grease 225 and sealing ring 226 additional, make raceway and the accurate single-row sealing radial ball bearing of car moulding firmly of seal groove as shown in Figure 22 C.

Embodiment 6.One ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway and seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing.As shown in figure 23, the ball one that the accurate ball one of car moulding firmly of raceway and seal groove rolls the accurate hard car moulding of seal shaft connecting shaft bearing outer-ring profile (Figure 23 A), raceway and seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing inner ring profile (Figure 23 B) and adopts a ball one of this outer ring and inner ring to roll sealing shaft connecting bearing (Figure 23 C).

As Figure 23 C, this ball one rolls seal shaft connecting shaft and contracts and draw together outer ring 231, inner ring 232, ball 233, cylindrical roller 234, ball distance ring 235, cylindrical roller retainer 236, lubricating grease 237 and sealing ring 238, wherein, as the ball row raceway 2313 of the outer ring 231 in Figure 23 A, rows of rollers raceway 2314, seal groove 2315 and as the ball row raceway 2323 of the inner ring 232 in Figure 23 B, rows of rollers raceway 2324, the accurate hard car of sealing surface 2321, be shaped, without grinding.

One ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of this lasso raceway and seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing, the sorting trap assembly method of the processing and fabricating method of its ball 233, cylindrical roller 234, ball distance ring 235, cylindrical roller retainer 236, lubricant 237, seal 238 and bearing is rolled sealing shaft connecting bearing with an existing ball one, different is the processing and fabricating method of outer ring 231 and inner ring 232, specific as follows:

(1) preparation method of outer ring 231

Semi-finished product one ball one that preparation leaves allowance rolls seal shaft connecting shaft bearing outer-ring, generally adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

Semi-finished product one ball one that leaves allowance is rolled to the quenching of seal shaft connecting shaft bearing outer-ring, tempering heat treatment;

Two of outer ring end faces 2311 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Outer round surface 2312 to outer ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

End face 2311 and outer round surface 2312 with outer ring position, and accurate hard car outer ring ball row raceway 2313, cylindrical roller row raceway 2314, make surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement; Accurate hard car outer ring seal groove 2315, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, its shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank, and all technical indicator reaches final design requirement; For making ball row raceway 2313 and cylindrical roller row raceway 2314 have better relative-position error, in outer ring 231 is once installed location, accurate hard car goes out them;

Other surface, groove and chamfering except end face 2311, outer round surface 2312, ball row raceway 2313, cylindrical roller row raceway 2314, seal groove 2315, all soft Vehicle Processing moulding, along with lasso grinding is shaped with accurate hard completing of car;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2311 and outer round surface 2312 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after outer ring ball row raceway 2313, the accurate hard car of rows of rollers raceway 2314;

Outer ring ball row raceway 2313 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2313 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into circular arc raceway groove, elliptic channel, sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, remove sharp peach-shaped raceway groove etc. according to operating mode, what accompanying drawing 23A represented is sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, it goes sharp peach-shaped raceway groove cross sectional shape enlarged drawing as shown in accompanying drawing 23D, and 23131 represent to go the left semicircle arc surface of sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, and center of arc's point is O ₂, 23132 represent to go the right semi-circle arc surface of sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, and center of arc's point is O ₁, 23133 represent trench bottom small arc-shaped, this small arc-shaped 23133 is tangent with raceway groove left semicircle arc 23131 and right semi-circle arc 23132, and in Figure 23 D, D _brepresent ball diameter, O is its center of circle, and ball and raceway have two contact points, as shown in solid stain in figure;

As Figure 23 A, outer ring cylindrical roller row raceway 2314 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2314 cross sectional shapes can need design according to operating mode, be processed into and be not with protuberance shape and with the protuberance shape of any convex and protruding amount;

Outer ring seal groove 2315 adopts accurate hard car moulding, and owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, seal groove 2315 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into any flute profile according to operating mode, comprises V-type, U-shaped etc., and what accompanying drawing 23A represented is U-shaped seal groove.

(2) preparation method of inner ring (mandrel) 232

Semi-finished product one ball one that preparation leaves allowance rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing inner ring, generally adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

Semi-finished product one ball one that leaves allowance is rolled to the quenching of sealing shaft connecting bearing inner ring, tempering heat treatment;

As Figure 23 B, this axle is a Step Shaft, raceway is on the larger shaft part of diameter, the outer round surface of diameter larger axis section is 2321, ball row raceway is that ditch shape raceway is 2323, the non-ditch shape of rows of rollers raceway is 2324,2324 and 2321 to have same outside dimension, and the less shaft part outer round surface of diameter is 2322.Seal groove on axle develops into the outer round surface 2321 that sealing surfaces is diameter larger axis section;

In fact they have identical external diameter for non-ditch shape raceway face 2324 on employing centreless through feed grinding method grinding axle and sealing surfaces 2321(, can adopt identical processing technology), then adopt and be not in the mood for running through super precision method superfinishing, until non-ditch shape raceway face 2324 and sealing surfaces 2321 reach final design requirement;

With outer round surface 2321, position and be installed, accurate hard car goes out the outer round surface 2322 of ditch shape raceway 2323 and the less axle of diameter, if the length of axle is long, end surface center hole that can the less axle head of diameter is as auxiliary positioning, the surface roughness R of accurate hard rut shape raceway 2323 _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, other shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement;

Chamfering between transition groove between the end face of axle, larger axis section and less axle head, shoulder, each shaft part end face and its outer round surface all adopts soft turning moulding, along with the accurate grinding of raceway face, sealing surfaces or accurate hard Vehicle Processing moulding, shapes;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement after the accurate hard car of inner ring ball row raceway 2323, adopt Superfinishing machine to carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement;

Inner ring ball row raceway 2323 adopts accurate hard car moulding, owing to adopting accurate digital control turning processing, therefore, raceway 2323 cross sectional shapes can need design, be processed into circular arc raceway groove, elliptic channel, sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, remove sharp peach-shaped raceway groove etc. according to operating mode, what accompanying drawing 23B represented is sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, it goes sharp peach-shaped raceway groove cross sectional shape enlarged drawing as shown in accompanying drawing 23E, and 23231 represent to go the left semicircle arc surface of sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, and center of arc's point is O ₂, 23232 represent to go the right semi-circle arc surface of sharp peach-shaped raceway groove, and center of arc's point is O ₁, 23233 represent trench bottom small arc-shaped, this small arc-shaped 23233 is tangent with raceway groove left semicircle arc 23231 and right semi-circle arc 23232, and in Figure 23 E, D _brepresent ball diameter, O is its center of circle, and ball and raceway have two contact points, as shown in solid stain in figure;

Inner ring rows of rollers raceway 2324 and sealing surfaces 2321 can adopt accurate hard car moulding certainly, but generally, such axle adopts centreless through feed grinding moulding to have more efficiency and precision advantage.

By outer ring 231, inner ring 232, ball 233 and cylindrical roller 234 sorting traps, install that retainer 235 and 236, grease 237, sealing ring 238 make lasso raceway as shown in Figure 23 C and a ball one of the accurate hard car moulding of seal groove rolls sealing shaft connecting bearing additional.

Embodiment 7.The angular contact ball bearing of lasso raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib.As shown in figure 24, the angular contact ball bearing outer ring profile (Figure 24 A) of the accurate hard car moulding of raceway, raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the angular contact ball bearing inner ring profile (Figure 24 B) of the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib and the angular contact ball bearing (Figure 24 C) that adopts this outer ring and inner ring, Figure 24 D is inner ring ditch shape raceway and raceway edge chamfer enlarged drawing.

This angular contact ball bearing comprises outer ring 241, inner ring 242, ball 243 and retainer 244, retainer 244 adopts the rib of inner ring 241() guiding, wherein the raceway 2413 of outer ring 241, the accurate hard car of the rib 2424 of the raceway 2423 of inner ring 242, inner ring and inner ring raceway edge chamfer 2425 be shaped, without grinding.

This lasso critical surfaces adopts the angular contact ball bearing of accurate hard car moulding, the sorting trap assembly method of the processing and fabricating method of its ball 243, retainer 244 and bearing is with existing angular contact ball bearing, different is the processing and fabricating method of outer ring 241 and inner ring 242, specific as follows:

(1) preparation method of outer ring 241

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product angular contact ball bearing outer ring of allowance, generally adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

The quenching of semi-finished product angular contact ball bearing outer ring, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of outer ring end faces 2411 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Outer round surface 2412 to outer ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

As Figure 24 A, with end face 2411 and the outer round surface 2412 of outer ring, position, accurate hard car outer ring raceway 2413, makes surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement;

Other surface on outer ring 241, such as

lasso rib

2414 and 2415, the chamfering between outer round surface 2412 and end face 2411, generally by soft Vehicle Processing moulding, certainly, if

lasso rib

2414 and 2415 is had to higher requirement, also can adopt accurate hard car moulding;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2411 and outer round surface 2412 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after the accurate hard car of outer ring raceway 2413.

(2) preparation method of inner ring 242

Preparation leaves the semi-finished product angular contact ball bearing inner ring of allowance, generally adopts soft car preparation, and allowance refers to leave for the surplus of follow-up manufacturing procedure grinding, accurate hard car, superfinishing etc.;

The quenching of semi-finished product angular contact ball bearing inner ring, the tempering heat treatment of allowance will be left;

Two of inner ring end faces 2421 are carried out to grinding, reach final design requirement;

Internal circular surfaces 2422 to inner ring carries out grinding, reaches final design requirement;

End face 2421 and internal circular surfaces 2422 with inner ring position, and in the location that is once installed, accurate hard car inner ring raceway 2423, inner ring guiding rib 2424 and raceway edge chamfer 2425, make surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank, and the overwhelming majority or all technical indicator reach final design requirement;

Other surface on inner ring 242, such as the chamfering between lasso rib 2424 and end face 2421, the chamfering between internal circular surfaces 2422 and end face 2421, generally by soft Vehicle Processing moulding;

While still having part technical indicator not reach final design requirement, with end face 2421 and internal circular surfaces 2422 location, carry out superfinishing, until all technical indicators reach final design requirement after inner ring raceway 2423 and the accurate hard car of guiding rib 2424;

Inner ring rib is guiding rib in this bearing, it is carried out to the hard car moulding of precision and can improve guidance accuracy undoubtedly.Raceway edge chamfer 2425 adopts accurate hard car moulding, and with raceway 2423 accurate hard car moulding simultaneously in inner ring is once installed location, surface smoothness, the size and dimension precision of raceway edge chamfer have not only greatly been improved, make the raceway edge chamfer of design be able to accurate assurance, and the hard car of numerically-controlled precise, with high accuracy guarantee raceway edge chamfer be connected with the accurate of raceway and rib.In Figure 24 D, L is the width of raceway edge chamfer 2425, and β is the angle of raceway edge chamfer 2425 and rib 2424.

Then, by outer ring 241, inner ring 242 and ball 243 sorting traps, install retainer 244 additional, make the angular contact ball bearing of raceway, raceway edge chamfer and the accurate hard car moulding of guiding rib as shown in Figure 24 C.

Bearing seal comprises sealing ring, dust cap, back-up ring, guard ring, dust seal assembly etc., seal is generally fixed on bearing outer ring, and between outer ring, in macroscopic view, there is no relative motion, therefore, on outer ring, need to process the seal groove of fixing seals, sealing groove adopts the hard Vehicle Processing of accurate digital control; Sealing ring is general and inner ring formation dynamic seal (packing) is secondary, and when inner ring rib is made sealing surface, this rib belongs to outer surface, and can select accurate hard car moulding or run through centerless grinding moulding, while offering sealing platform or seal groove on inner ring, the accurate hard car moulding of employing.

The above-mentioned part embodiment that provided, in fact, the whole accurate hard car moulding of rolling bearing lasso of the present invention or raceway, the accurate hard car forming method of the critical surfaces such as seal groove, owing to adopting accurate hard car moulding to replace the grinding-shaping of existing technology, design to rolling bearing, processing and fabricating, the variation that performance is brought is various, deep, to the precision of different surfaces on lasso, hard car moulding can make bearing obtain different advantages, to a plurality of on lasso or the accurate hard car moulding of kinds of surface, can make bearing obtain collaborative, multiple technology and quality-advantage, for clarity, below division it:

(1) the accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway

The accurate hard car moulding of lasso raceway, make bearing outer ring and inner ring ditch shape raceway to be designed to determine arbitrarily curvature ditch shape raceway and variable curvature ditch shape raceway towards bearing operating condition, and cross sectional shape includes but not limited to single circular arc, ellipse, hyperbola, parabola and composite curve, described composite curve comprises sharp peach-shaped and goes sharp peach-shaped, depot fat groove can also be opened in the bottom of ditch shape raceway, and the hard car forming method of precision of these ditch shape raceways is identical or close with the forming method of the cited ditch shape of embodiment raceway.Ditch shape raceway adopts different raceways to cut shape, forms thus that different contact forms, contact are counted, contact load and contact stiffness from ball.Especially variable curvature ditch shape raceway, a lasso raceway can form 2 even more contact points with ball, because ball does not contact with raceway bottom, the lubricating grease that is attached on raceway bottom can not blown off by ball, thereby make raceway bottom there is grease storage function, improved the lubricating life of bearing, bottom is with the ditch shape raceway of depot fat groove, and this effect can be more obvious, owing to having improved bearing radially, axially and the contact stiffness of angle, thereby dynamic seal (packing) precision and the dynamic load rating of bearing have further been improved, operational reliability and the service life of bearing have been improved, be particularly suitable for the harsher silicone oil fan clutch bearing in automobile of operating condition, automobile current generator bearing, automobile tension pulley bearing, electromagnetic clutch bearing of automotive air conditioner, wood processing machinery bearing, handrail elevator bearing etc. is operated in dust or medium invasion and attack environment, outer ring rotation, belt drives, the larger grade of external load is the sealed precision to bearing therefore, rigidity, the occasion that bearing capacity and operational reliability are had relatively high expectations.

In the above-described embodiments, the non-ditch shape of bearing outer ring and inner ring raceway can be designed to determine arbitrarily curvature non-ditch shape raceway and the non-ditch shape of variable curvature raceway towards bearing operating condition, and cross sectional shape includes but not limited to that single straight line, three sections of straight lines, single orthodrome, logarithmic curve, hyperbola, two sections of straight lines press from both sides one section of circular arc, multi-section circular arc and composite curve; Also comprise the convex raceway that wedge shape raceway and protruding amount are >0 to 0.5 millimeter, the hard car forming method of precision of these non-ditch shape raceways is identical or close with the forming method of the cited non-ditch shape raceway of embodiment.Non-ditch shape raceway adopts different raceways to cut shape, forms different contact forms and distribution of contact form, contact load, contact stiffness thus from roller.Especially convex raceway, owing to having avoided the stress of roller end contact to concentrate, thereby has improved the stress state of contact microcell, has improved the bearing capacity of bearing, has improved operational reliability and the service life of bearing.Be particularly suitable for the operational reliabilities such as the harsher high-speed precise machine tool main shaft roller bearing of operating condition, screw air compressor roller bearing and require higher roller bearing.The accurate hard Vehicle Processing moulding of raceway makes the convex raceway that protruding amount is larger, such as protruding amount (or convexity) is 0.05 millimeter, can process easily, and this forms under convexity process in superfinishing, is inconceivable.

Can find out, as long as operating mode needs, as long as be conducive to improve operational reliability and the service life of bearing, anyly determine curvature raceway, variable curvature raceway or even special-shaped raceway (as the wedge shape raceway of unidirectional self-lock bearing outer ring), all raceways that can design can accurate hard car moulding, and ball race grinding molding mode is demonstrated to great superiority.

When track convex degree is larger, during the sorting of bearing ring trap, the peak dot that should get crest curve measures raceway diameter, and to outer ring raceway, this is minimum raceway diameter; To inner ring raceway, this is maximum raceway diameter.

Multirow bearing, no matter be multiple row ball bearing, multiple row roller bearing or even multiple row ball and roller are also deposited bearing, the accurate hard car forming method of its raceway and embodiment are same or similar, but, to multirow bearing, all row raceways on same lasso, all can accurate hard car moulding in the location that is once installed, guaranteed the relative-position error of all row raceways, ball race grinding processed edge is more obvious relatively, especially large to (1) different lines raceway gap ratio and (2) ball row and rows of rollers are also deposited bearing, one-time positioning is installed, hardly may be by the whole grindings of the raceway on same lasso out.

To some operating mode bearing ring, raceway after accurate hard car moulding is without remaking further ultraprecise processing, but to some special operation condition, such as high speed, the rolling bearing of ultrahigh speed running, raceway need to be lower surface roughness, during the accurate hard car of raceway, can stay suitable allowance, after accurate hard car, again raceway being carried out to superfinishing grinds, roll extrusion, tumbling, the ultraprecise processing such as polishing, even if but superfinishing is ground, also grind different with prior art superfinishing, it is in order to eliminate grinding defect that prior art superfinishing is ground, comprise Grinding Roughness, grinding skin etc., because grinding race radiating condition is poor, therefore cause grinding skin heavier, darker, therefore, grinding skin to be removed, just need very large superfinishing amount, as reached 20 microns, this involves efficiency and cost on the one hand, excessive superfinishing amount is also a kind of destruction that the good raceway of crush grinding acquisition is cut to shape on the other hand, and accurate hard car is because radiating condition is better, raceway cutting metamorphic layer is relatively thin, and therefore, after the comparable existing technology grinding of superfinishing amount needing, superfinishing amount reduces 1/5 to 1/2, both improved efficiency, the destruction that the raceway that makes again superfinishing obtain the hard car of precision cuts shape is controlled at certain degree.

Because prior art bearing collar path adopts grinding-shaping, therefore, in fact raceway oil duct is exactly wheel grinding grinding undercut, under the whole hard car method for processing forming of lasso of the present invention, wheel grinding grinding undercut is no longer necessary, and oil duct can be cancelled or conveniently designing according to the hard Vehicle Processing of precision.

Embodiment has enumerated ball bearing and ball row raceway, cylindrical bearing and cylinder row raceway, but the processing method of the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso is never confined to raceway and the bearing of these types, existing existence and all raceways that occur from now on, processing method of the present invention is all completely applicable.

(2) the accurate hard car moulding of lasso seal groove

The accurate hard car moulding of bearing ring seal groove, because lasso hardness after Overheating Treatment increases substantially, therefore can obtain very high surface accuracy, dimensional accuracy and the accuracy of form and position, make bearing ring seal groove can carry out the high precision design of Arbitrary Shape Cross Section, such as, seal groove surface roughness R _ait is 1.6 even lower that during from original soft car 3.2 can be reduced to.

During the accurate hard car moulding of seal groove, because the material hardness of processing is very high, therefore, can obtain very high surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy; With the bearing mounting surface (outer round surface of outer ring, end face, the internal circular surfaces of inner ring, end face) of accurate grinding moulding, process for positioning datum, so the relative-position error of seal groove and bearing mounting surface is able to practical assurance; Seal groove and raceway can accurate hard car moulding in lasso is once installed location, guaranteed the relative-position error of seal groove and the surperficial lasso raceway of bearing working.All these, be all far from that soft car seal groove can compare.The accurate hard car moulding of bearing seal groove adopts accurate hard car Digit Control Machine Tool, and cutter can be selected single-point turning cutting tool (simultaneously having radial feed and axial feed) or shaped profile turning cutter (axial location, to after good, only needs radial feed).After accurate hard car moulding, no longer lasso is heat-treated, therefore, the high accuracy of the seal groove of accurate hard car moulding is retained from start to finish.

The accurate hard car moulding of lasso seal groove, its precision is far above the soft car moulding of existing technology, and after moulding, without any processing, all technical indicators reach the requirement of bearing ring seal groove final design completely.Resistance to cutting when reducing the accurate hard car moulding of seal groove, extend cutter life, can be when soft Vehicle Processing, on bearing ferrule blanks, soft car goes out sealing platform or the seal groove of the accurate hard car allowance of band, after collar blank heat treatment, during accurate hard car seal groove, allowance car is removed, reach the requirement of seal groove final design.

The accurate hard car moulding of bearing ring seal groove, what bring is the high precision design of bearing seal groove, high-precision modeling processing, increased substantially each surperficial fineness of seal groove self, seal groove form accuracy, dimensional accuracy and with the relative-position error of bearing ring mounting surface and working surface, brought thus the raising of bearing seal performance, realized the high sealing of bearing, make bearing dustproof, leakproof fat, the performances such as anti-seal lip wearing and tearing (contact seal) are significantly promoted, thereby improved the running stability of bearing, operational reliability and service life.

(3) the non-ditch shape of lasso raceway rib, the accurate hard car moulding of oil duct

The non-ditch shape raceway rib of roller bearing contacts with rolling element two ends, behavior in service impact on bearing is very large, but this lip grinding, superfinishing are all very difficult, the accurate hard car moulding of rib makes the high accuracy simplified processing of rib, if desired rib also can be with Design of Crown, and the rib of accurate hard car band convexity and accurate hard car are not about the same precisely, efficient with the rib of convexity.If raceway and raceway rib simultaneously hard car in the location that is once installed out, can also fundamentally guarantee the relative-position error of raceway and raceway rib.All these, all very helpful to running stability, reliability and the life-span of raising bearing.

Grinding wheel groove when raceway oil duct is exactly the non-ditch shape of original grinding raceway in fact, under the accurate hard car method for processing forming of raceway, grinding undercut is no longer necessary, but can according to the hard turner skill of precision or bearing lubrication need to be between raceway and raceway rib flexible design oil duct, and by the soft car of this oil duct or accurate hard car out.

(4) the accurate hard car moulding of lasso ditch shape raceway edge chamfer

Lasso ditch shape raceway (abbreviation raceway groove) edge chamfer, while being conducive to avoid ball bearing race and ball trap, the scuffing of trench edges wedge angle to ball surface, simultaneously, trench edges chamfering has also reduced the degree of depth of raceway groove, reduce the containment area between raceway groove and ball, be therefore conducive to reduce moment of friction and the temperature rise of bearing.The soft car moulding of existing technology trench edges chamfering, the one, surface roughness is not easy to control, and still has the risk that scratches ball surface when trap; The 2nd, the mutual alignment relation of chamfering and raceway groove is difficult for guaranteeing, the positive effect of chamfering is had a greatly reduced quality.

Trench edges chamfering is accurate hard car moulding in lasso is once installed location together with raceway groove, not only increased substantially the fineness of chamfering itself, and the mutual alignment relation that makes raceway groove and its edge chamfer is able to high accuracy assurance, the positive effect of trench edges chamfering is brought into play fully, reduced the scuffing of ball, reduce moment of friction and the temperature rise of bearing, thereby improved operational reliability and the service life of bearing.

(5) the accurate hard car moulding of lasso guiding rib

At bearing cage during by lasso lip-guided, the precision of lasso rib is very large to the guidance accuracy of guiding retainer, guiding stationarity relation, lasso rib is divided into two parts by raceway, is therefore discontinuous, and inner ring rib centreless through feed grinding exists certain difficulty, outer ring is as guiding during rib, outer ring flange belongs to inner surface, cannot adopt and run through centerless grinding, and therefore existing technology is all to adopt soft car moulding, soft car forming machining precision is limited, but also problem on deformation while there is heat treatment.The accurate hard car moulding of lasso guiding rib, relatively soft car moulding, fineness, shape and the positional precision of guiding rib have greatly been improved, guidance accuracy to retainer while having improved bearing operation, the whirling motion of retainer is very favourable when reducing or avoiding bearing to run up, thereby improved smoothness of operation and the operational reliability of bearing.

(6) the whole accurate hard car moulding of the accurate hard car moulding of a plurality of critical surfaces or lasso on lasso

As mentioned above, on bearing ring, the hard car moulding of any surface accurate has its specific actively effect to the operational reliability of bearing, on lasso, the whole accurate hard car moulding of the accurate hard car moulding of a plurality of critical surfaces or lasso will make these positive effects be worked in coordination with and double, thereby the running stability of bearing and operational reliability are greatly enhanced, for example, the accurate hard car moulding of seal groove and raceway, what produce will be high sealing, antifatigue bearing.

Processing method of the present invention is not only applicable to steel bearing ring, is applicable to the bearing ring being made by engineering ceramics, engineering plastics, carbon graphite, composite simultaneously.

Processing method of the present invention, generally adopts numerically controlled lathe, adopts without the DRY CUTTING of cutting fluid or has the wet type cutting of cutting fluid, and cutter material can be selected cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, pottery, diamond, carbide alloy etc.

Processing method of the present invention, lasso integral body or critical surfaces adopt accurate hard car moulding, overcome the series of technical that grinding and microstoning moulding bring, quality problems, efficiency and environmental issue: grinding burn, grinding skin, grinding skin tension, superfinishing is destroyed the raceway shape that grinding has obtained, emery wheel and the oilstone cast scuffing raceway face of running over and injure, each surperficial relative-position error is not high enough, seal groove heat treatment deformation, variable curvature raceway and special-shaped raceway are difficult to processing, efficiency is low, cost is high, all process steps all needs cutting fluid, all multiple operation lasso circulations easily produce corrosion and bump injury etc., opened up the new outlet of bearing sleeve processing shaping.Single lifting with regard to bearing ring service behaviour, accurate hard car moulding, shape and the performance of accurate hard car molded surface itself are all controlled, guaranteed the integrality of surface to be machined, belong to Anti-fatigue manufacture, simultaneously, making the accurate hard relative bearing of car molded surface install and use datum level (is generally outer round surface and the end face of outer ring, the inner peripheral surface of inner ring and end face) relative-position error, relative-position error between each accurate hard car forming surface (as biserial or multiple row raceway) is greatly improved, therefore, the rolling bearing of the inventive method processing, with respect to existing technology rolling bearing, there is running accuracy high, sealed precision is high, bearing capacity is strong, some row advantages such as wear-resistant and antifatigue, there is higher operational reliability and longer service life, its invention is made has practical meaning in engineering very much.

In a word, this processing method, the critical surfaces of its processing comprises: raceway, raceway rib, raceway oil duct, seal groove, lasso rib, ditch type raceway edge chamfer etc., with the hard car moulding of precision, substitute grinding (as the raceway etc.) moulding of prior art and soft car moulding (as seal groove etc.), except having overcome the groove-section shape of the surfacing moulding existence such as raceway, design limited, the technology such as the rotten even burn of grinding and quality problems have also overcome seal groove, the machining accuracy that the surperficial soft car moulding such as ditch type raceway edge chamfer exists is not high, the technology such as heat treatment deformation and quality problems, each surface of lasso can be designed towards operating mode, with very high accuracy of form and position moulding, shape and the performance of lasso critical surfaces are all controlled, to high sealing, the Design and manufacture of the contour performance rolling bearing of high reliability has very important practical meaning in engineering.

Disclosed is above only several specific embodiments of the application, but the application is not limited thereto, and the changes that any person skilled in the art can think of, all should drop in the application's protection domain.

Claims

1. a processing method for the rolling bearing of the accurate hard car moulding of lasso, described rolling bearing comprises inner ring, outer ring, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

1) lasso processing, comprises following operation:

2. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the integral body accurate hard car moulding of step 1) described in 3. comprises accurate hard car datum level, reaches the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; Then with described datum level, be as the criterion, the location that is installed, all the other positions of accurate hard car, reach the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; The accurate hard car processing and forming of the part of step 1) described in 3. comprises grinding datum level, reaches the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design; Then with described datum level, be as the criterion, the location that is installed, all the other positions of accurate hard car, reach the requirement of bearing completed products ferrule design;

Installation matching surface when described datum level is inner ring, outer ring use, the datum level of inner ring comprises end face and internal circular surfaces, the datum level of outer ring comprises end face and outer round surface; The inner ring of shaft connecting bearing is an axle, and it installs end face and outer round surface that matching surface comprises axle;

All the other described positions comprise raceway, ditch type raceway edge chamfer, non-ditch shape raceway rib, non-ditch shape raceway oil duct, lasso rib and the seal groove of lasso;

3. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the raceway of the hard car moulding of described precision, non-ditch shape raceway rib surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 0.4 micron, its shape and positional precision reach grinding or accurate grinding rank; Ditch shape raceway edge chamfer, non-ditch shape raceway oil duct, lasso rib, seal groove surface roughness R _aequal to be less than 1.6 microns, its shape and positional precision reach accurate soft car or grinding rank.

4. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the raceway of described lasso comprises determines curvature ditch shape raceway, and its cross sectional shape comprises single circular arc; Variable curvature ditch shape raceway, its cross sectional shape comprises ellipse, hyperbola, parabola and composite curve, described composite curve comprises sharp peach-shaped and goes sharp peach-shaped; And bottom is with the ditch shape raceway of depot fat groove.

5. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the raceway of described lasso comprises determines the non-ditch shape of curvature raceway, and its cross sectional shape comprises single straight line, three sections of straight lines and single orthodrome; The non-ditch shape of variable curvature raceway, its cross sectional shape comprises logarithmic curve, hyperbola, two sections of straight line folders one section of circular arc, multi-section circular arc and composite curve; Also comprise the wedge shape raceway being formed by some lozenges and wedge-shaped slot; And the protruding amount convex raceway that is >0 to 0.5 millimeter.

6. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described cover loop material comprises bearing steel material, engineering ceramics, engineering plastics, carbon graphite and composite.

7. the processing method of rolling bearing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), also comprise step 1) 4. after 3., described step 1) be 4. to the raceway of inner ring, outer ring and raceway rib carry out that superfinishing is ground, roll extrusion, tumbling or polishing.

8. with the rolling bearing of method processing described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the groove-section shape of described rolling bearing inner ring, outer ring comprises: determine curvature and variable curvature ditch shape raceway; Bottom is with the ditch shape raceway of depot fat groove and determine curvature and the non-ditch shape of variable curvature raceway; Also comprise wedge shape raceway and convex raceway.