CN103545577B - 一种带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池 - Google Patents
一种带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池。包括壳体、金属电极、空气电极、上电解液腔和下电解液腔,所述壳体内设有中间开孔的隔板,隔板将壳体分为上、下两部分,所述壳体上部侧壁上开设多个气孔,所述壳体顶部设电解液灌注口,所述壳体底部设排液口;所述金属电极呈倒圆锥状设于壳体内;所述空气电极呈锥面状与金属电极锥面相对;所述上电解液腔由金属电极和空气电极的间隙构成,所述下电解液腔由隔板和壳体下部构成。本发明提供一种阳极沉淀物易于排除、维护周期较长且使用成本较低的金属空气燃料电池。本发明与现有技术相比,阳极沉淀物易于排除、维护周期较长且使用成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池领域,特别涉及一种金属空气燃料电池。
背景技术
传统的石化能源不仅资源储量有限,而且在使用过程中带来大量的排放物,这使得能源短缺和环境污染是当前社会发展面临的两大突出问题。解决方案之一就是开发新型替代燃料。作为清洁能源的水能、风能、太阳能等电力难以直接在用电器上直接使用,需要经过储能材料作为载体才能使用,所以开发新型电池成为新能源发展的关键。
金属空气燃料电池是一种用活泼金属作为燃料的电池,由于其具有很高的能量密度和比功率,较低的成本、对环境无毒无污染等优势,被认为是“面向21世纪的绿色能源”。金属空气电池以活泼金属如锂、钙、镁、铝、铁、锌等为电池的阳极活性材料,以空气中的氧气为电池的阴极活性材料,多以碱性或中性水溶液为电解液,在放电过程中生成相应的金属氢氧化物。这些氢氧化物在电解液中以沉淀物的形式从金属电极表面脱落,沉降至电池底部。目前的技术通过定期更换电解液时清除沉淀物。由于金属空气电池的金属阳极和空气阴极距离不能太远,大多数情况下,阳极和阴极之间的间隙比较小,如果金属电极表面产生的氢氧化物沉淀不及时从电极表面脱落,而是继续在电极表面生长或者是产生的沉淀物颗粒过多而堆积在金属阳极和空气阴极下面,则极容易造成电池内部短路,影响电池对外供电。这使得目前金属空气电池的电解液更换周期较短,造成电池使用的维护成本较高。
发明内容
针对上述现有金属空气电池的技术问题,本发明提供一种阳极沉淀物易于排除、维护周期较长且使用成本较低的金属空气燃料电池。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是:包括壳体、正极帽、负极帽、作为阳极的金属电极、作为阴极的空气电极及电解液腔,所述壳体内设有中间开孔的隔板,所述隔板将壳体分为上、下两部分;所述金属电极呈倒圆锥状设于壳体上部,所述金属电极的上端固定于壳体顶部,正极帽与金属电极直接相连,所述金属电极的下端与隔板开孔相对;所述空气电极相应地呈锥面状与金属电极锥面相对,空气电极的上端与壳体顶部的负极帽相连,下端与隔板相连;所述壳体上部侧壁上开设多个气孔,壳体顶部设电解液灌注口,所述壳体底部设排液口。
上述的带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池中,所述金属电极为金属或金属合金。
上述的带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池中,所述空气电极包括集流体层和催化剂层。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用锥形结构,金属电极和空气电极所形成的空隙狭长,便于阳极沉淀物掉落;壳体下部的下电解液腔,能够存储大量在重力作用下从电极表面剥离的反应沉淀物,从而避免阳极表面的沉淀堆积,同时下电解液腔的大存储量可提高电池的稳定性和延长电池的维护周期,从而降低使用成本;排液口能够保证沉淀物和废电解液的及时排除,防止沉淀物堆积在阳极和阴极之间造成电池短路。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个优选实施例中金属空气燃料电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本发明包括壳体6、作为阳极的金属电极3、作为阴极的空气电极4、上电解液腔7以及下电解液腔8。所述壳体6内设有中间开孔的隔板11,所述隔板11将壳体6分为上、下两部分;所述金属电极3呈倒圆锥状设于壳体6内,所述金属电极3的上端固定于壳体6顶部,所述金属电极3的下端与隔板11开孔相对;所述空气电极4相应地呈锥面状与金属电极3锥面相对,所述空气电极4的上端固定于壳体6顶部,所述空气电极4的下端与隔板11相连;空气电极4与壳体6的侧壁以及隔板11形成空气空腔,所述壳体6上部侧壁上开设多个气孔5,空气由气孔5进入电池内部参与阴极反应;所述壳体6顶部设电解液灌注口10,用于添加电解液;所述壳体6底部设排液口9,用于排放废电解液和放电过程产生的沉淀物;所述上电解液腔7由金属电极3与空气电极4之间的间隙构成,为金属电极的反应场所,所述下电解液腔8由隔板11与壳体6的下部构成,可以储存大量的电解液和阳极沉淀物,上电解液腔7和下电解液腔8通过隔板11的空隙互相连通,电解液充满上、下电解液腔;所述壳体6顶部分别设置正极帽1和负极帽2,正极帽1与金属电极3直接相连,负极帽2与空气电极4相连,通过两个极帽对外供电。
Claims (3)
1.一种带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池,包括壳体、正极帽、负极帽、作为阳极的金属电极、作为阴极的空气电极及电解液腔,其特征在于:所述壳体内设有中间开孔的隔板,所述隔板将壳体分为上、下两部分;所述金属电极呈倒圆锥状设于壳体上部,所述金属电极的上端固定于壳体顶部,正极帽与金属电极直接相连,所述金属电极的下端与隔板开孔相对;所述空气电极相应地呈锥面状与金属电极锥面相对,空气电极的上端与壳体顶部的负极帽相连,下端与隔板相连;所述壳体上部侧壁上开设多个气孔,壳体顶部设电解液灌注口,所述壳体底部设排液口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池,其特征在于:所述金属电极为金属或金属合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带锥形金属阳极的金属空气燃料电池,其特征在于:所述空气电极包括集流体层和催化剂层。
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