CN103468341B - A kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103468341B CN103468341B CN201310401072.2A CN201310401072A CN103468341B CN 103468341 B CN103468341 B CN 103468341B CN 201310401072 A CN201310401072 A CN 201310401072A CN 103468341 B CN103468341 B CN 103468341B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of utilize the cow dung of fermentation to make honeycomb briquette and the preparation method of this honeycomb briquette.This honeycomb briquette is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of the fermenting-ripening of 20%-50% and 50%-80% coal dust.The preparation method of this honeycomb briquette comprises: (1) in cow dung, add a certain amount of zymophyte and powdered rice hulls fermentation becomes the cow dung of fermenting-ripening; (2) mixing moulding: the cow dung of fermenting-ripening is mixed with coal dust, pulverizes, is uniformly mixed, adds water alternatively during mixing, compression moulding.The invention provides the cow dung after a kind of employing fermentation completely newly and the honeycomb briquette that is mixed with of coal dust, be destitute of smell, can acceptance high, do not need additionally to add broken grass or stalk, save cost and more easily shape, the preparation time of this honeycomb briquette is short, preparation process is also uncomplicated, is easy to promote.The present invention: 1) can greatly reduce cattle farm pollution problem; 2) problem of fuel crunch can be solved; 3) energy utilization pattern is explored.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of honeycomb briquette, especially a kind of utilize the cow dung of fermentation to make honeycomb briquette and the preparation method of this honeycomb briquette.
Background technology
China is Animal husbandry production big country of the world, is also one of country that rear cattle is maximum.Along with Animal husbandry production intensive degree improves, a large amount of movement produced in breeding production process and waste increase sharply, and cause environmental pollution.And simultaneously, China is again the very nervous country of a coal resource, exploitation renewable energy source is the direction of a very valuable problem and effort always.It is estimated, China's feces of livestock and poultry total resources about 26 × 10t, is equivalent to the standard coal of 1.12 × 10t.
In recent years, in the face of the problem of cow dung environmental pollution, people attempt carrying out the research that cow dung makes fertilizer and coal.At present, make the research of coal about cow dung, also rest on the stage directly utilizing cow dung to mix with Coal Mechanical, the coal that this method makes, on the one hand, because the water content of cow dung is high, usually need additionally to add broken grass or stalk etc., low and the not easy-formation of the coal burning value of such making, or need cow dung natural air drying lentamente, and due to fresh cow dung water content high, therefore air-dry take longer, air drying process easily grows mosquitos and flies etc., contaminate environment, stinks to high heaven; On the other hand, undressed cow dung has insufferable stink, also has unpleasant stink, not easily accepted by user in the coal of making and coal burning process.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, this honeycomb briquette is destitute of smell, easily shaping.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned honeycomb briquette.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
The honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 20%-50% fermenting-ripening and 50%-80% coal dust.
Preferred a kind of honeycomb briquette, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 40% fermenting-ripening and 60% coal dust.
Preferred further, the cow dung of the fermenting-ripening comprised in above-mentioned honeycomb briquette take cow dung as percent by weight, by adding the zymophyte of 0.01%-0.02%, the powdered rice hulls of 0.5%-1% in cow dung, pile up, separated in time turning, fermentation, until the cow dung that cow dung color is brownish black, quality is soft, namely odorless obtains this fermenting-ripening, fermentation time, depending on envrionment temperature at that time, is 15-20 days under normal circumstances, the fermentation time in winter is longer, and the fermentation time in summer is shorter.
Preferred further, above-mentioned cow dung is beef cattle excrement.
The preparation method of above-mentioned honeycomb briquette comprises the following steps:
(1) ferment: take cow dung as percent by weight, the zymophyte of 0.01%-0.02%, the powdered rice hulls of 0.5%-1% is added in cow dung, pile up, separated in time turning, ferments to the cow dung that cow dung color is brownish black, quality is soft, odorless is fermenting-ripening; Zymophyte is the fermenting agent that the fowl poultry kind ight soil such as commercially available pig, chicken, duck are conventional;
(2) mixing moulding: the cow dung after air-dry is mixed with coal dust, pulverizes, is uniformly mixed, compression moulding.
Preferably, above-mentioned preparation method also comprises the cow dung of fermenting-ripening natural air drying on level land, and air-dry time is 5-7 days, and now, the water content of the cow dung of fermenting-ripening is about 30%.
Preferably, fermentation time in the step (1) of aforesaid method is 15-20 days, fermentation time is depending on envrionment temperature at that time, the fermentation time in winter is longer, and the fermentation time in summer is shorter, interval turning in 2 days once, coal dust in step (2) is pulverized anthracite, cow dung after air-dry mixes with coal dust, is pulverized by pulverizer, and recycling stirrer is uniformly mixed, shape better to make honeycomb briquette, optionally a small amount of water is selectively added, compression moulding when mixing, then natural air drying.
Compared with cow dung or fresh cow dung, the cow dung of fermenting-ripening does not have the stink of cow dung itself, and therefore, honeycomb briquette of the present invention does not have the stink of honeycomb briquette that tradition directly utilizes cow dung or air-dry cow dung to prepare, can acceptance high.Cow dung after this fermenting-ripening is than fresh cow dung, water content significantly reduces, and is only 35%-40%, therefore, can without air-dry, or through the short period of time air-dry after, can for the preparation of honeycomb briquette, do not need air-dry or add broken grass or stalk for a long time, and according to practical situation, in order to shape better, sometimes also need to add a small amount of water, after sizing, natural air drying volatilizees by it again.
Cow dung after a kind of employing fermentation completely newly provided by the invention and the honeycomb briquette that is mixed with of coal dust, be destitute of smell, can acceptance high, do not need additionally to add broken grass or stalk, save cost and more easily shape, compared with common honeycomb briquette, weight is lighter, the CO of release after burning
2and SO
2be worth lower, environmental protection more, combustion value increases, and calorific value is in a slight decrease, but the honeycomb briquette of calorific value and cow dung or half-dried cow dung and the direct mixing manufacture of coal dust is suitable.The preparation time of this honeycomb briquette is short, and preparation process is also uncomplicated, is easy to promote.
One aspect of the present invention can solve the problem of fuel crunch, improves the utilization ratio of cow dung resource, greatly reduces cattle farm pollution problem, reduces the pollution to environment; On the other hand fermentation cow dung is developed as fuel, not only cowboying factory can sell, and reduces plant's cost, promotes the development of cattle-raising, can also solve the problem of fuel crunch; In addition, the partial fuel coal of all right fictitious hosts costliness and the conventional coal-fired consumption of minimizing, improve energy utilization structure, become an important channel of raising environmental energy utilization ratio, there is provided a kind of new approach that biomass ight soil is developed to a kind of new forms of energy, explore energy utilization pattern.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification sheets, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Arbitrary feature disclosed in this specification sheets (comprising any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.
Embodiment 1: a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make
The honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 20% fermenting-ripening and 80% coal dust.
Embodiment 2: a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make
The honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 30% fermenting-ripening and 70% coal dust.
Embodiment 3: a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make
The honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the beef cattle excrement of 40% fermenting-ripening and 60% coal dust.
Embodiment 4: a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make
The honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, is made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 50% fermenting-ripening and 50% coal dust.
Embodiment 5: the preparation method of the honeycomb briquette of embodiment 3
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) ferment: the enclosure wall pond beef cattle excrement trolley collected being transported to high nearly a meter, dependence body of wall is piled up, with beef cattle excrement for percent by weight, add commercially available " sky sun " fermenting agent (including cellulase, proteolytic enzyme, amylase etc.) of 0.01%, the powdered rice hulls of 0.5% weight percent, be piled into wide about 2.0 meters, high about 1.0 meters garden centrum, every turning in 2 days once, it is winter during fermentation, envrionment temperature is at 5-10 DEG C, ferment 20 days, last stool colour is brownish black, quality is soft, odorless is fermenting-ripening;
(2) air-dry: by the cow dung of fermenting-ripening natural air drying on a level land, air-dry time is 5-7 days;
(3) mixing moulding: the cow dung after air-dry is transported to honeycomb coal works, get pulverized anthracite (thermal value about 5500 kilocalorie) and do raw coal, cow dung tentatively mixed with raw coal spade, pulverized together by pulverizer, automatic conveying was to stirrer stir about 10 minutes, it is made fully to mix, for making honeycomb briquet moulding better, during mixing, adding a small amount of water, using honeycomb briquet moulding equipment, the cow dung mixed and coal dust are suppressed, obtains the formed honeycomb coal with cow dung after fermentation.
(4) screen: just screening is carried out to formed honeycomb coal, is pressed again in underproof honeycomb briquette Returning equipment, finally by all shaping honeycomb briquette natural air dryings.
Embodiment 6: Comparision Test
1. subjects
The honeycomb briquette (being respectively A, B, C, D group) that the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3,4 provides and the honeycomb briquette (control group) not adding fermentation cow dung and all utilize the coal dust identical with embodiment 1-4 to make.
2, test index and method:
2.1, technical analysis index
Adopt GB/T212-2001 Industry Analysis Method to carry out technical analysis to honeycomb briquette, then respectively by its moisture of step measurements, ash content, volatile matter, finally utilizes experimental data to calculate the content of fixed carbon FC.
2.2, combustion heat index
By broken for the honeycomb briquette of each group, to grind to form diameter be 10mm about quality lg, the method using GR3500 type oxygen-bomb heat instrument to measure calorific value measures the combustion heat of each group of honeycomb briquette, and each group of sample measures five times, gets its mean value.
2.3, environmental effect index
2.3.1CO
2index determining method
Use Gas chromatography to measure the concentration of carbonic acid gas, often organize survey five samples, then calculate its mean number.
2.3.2SO
2index determining method
Each group is got five samples, respectively the flue gas after honeycomb briquette burning is sampled by the standard for manual sampling required by iodimetry,iodometry, use iodometric determination adopt the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gas.
2.3.3 weight measurement method
From each group of honeycomb briquette, get ten samples, use electronic scale to weigh up the weight of each sample respectively, then calculate the mean value often organized respectively.
3, test-results and analysis:
3.1 technical analysis:
Calculate through measurement result, the technical analysis index of each group honeycomb briquette is as shown in table 1.
The technical analysis index (%) of honeycomb briquette respectively organized by table 1
| Project | Control group | A group | B group | C group | D group |
| Moisture | 4.85±3.96 | 3.72±1.30 | 4.65±0.36 | 5．75±0.30 | 6.01±0.35 |
| Ash content | 11.4±1.63 | 14.6±7.95 | 18.8±0.70 | 21.1±2.03 | 22.8±1.97 |
| Volatile matter | 18.4±3.97 | 23.5±1.46 | 26.7±0.89 | 28.8±2.89 | 29.9±1.95 |
| Fixed carbon | 65.2±8.09 | 58.1±8.10 | 53.8±1.72 | 44.2±5.13 | 41.1±4.11 |
By carrying out technical analysis to each group of honeycomb briquette, be moisture in main component, ash content, in volatile matter and the coal-fired composition of the such proportioning of fixed carbon, moisture and ash content are impurity components wherein, its content is more, then the content of the combustiblecomponents in proportioning fire coal is just relatively low, and calorific value also just reduces.Volatile matter and fixed carbon are combustiblecomponents, substantially the ratio of the material that may participate in thermal chemical reaction in honeycomb briquette is represented, in combustiblecomponents, because the burning-point of fixed carbon is higher, the content of fixed carbon is higher, the kindling temperature then needed is higher, and burning liberated heat is also larger, also easier residual solids after reaction.
Can be found out by technical analysis, compared with control group, A-D group is along with the increase of cow dung content after fermentation, the content of moisture and ash content increases gradually, and calorific value reduces gradually, and the content of volatile matter increases gradually, its burning fire temperature reduces gradually, the content of fixed carbon reduces gradually, and so in combustiblecomponents, the thermal chemical reaction participated in is active just to be strengthened gradually.Volatile content is more, combustion value is larger, as can be seen from Table 1, along with the increase of cow dung content, volatile content increases gradually, relative to control group, the volatile content ratio increased between each component increases gradually, but the gradient increased reduces gradually, during to C group and D group, the Grad increased just becomes 1.11, and Grad is very low, and the difference namely between C group and D group is not remarkable.
Fixed carbon does not allow incendive material in honeycomb briquette, needs could burn at a higher temperature, and can residual solids material.Fixed carbon is higher, and so required ignition temperature is higher, and as can be seen from Table 1, along with the increase of cow dung content, fixed carbon content reduces gradually, and when same reduction gradient is between C group and D group, Grad is minimum, and difference each other becomes not remarkable.
2.2 the combustion heat
Measure honeycomb briquette burning heat by the method using GR3500 type oxygen-bomb heat instrument to measure calorific value, the combustion heat of its each group is as shown in table 2.
The combustion heat (KJ/g) of honeycomb briquette respectively organized by table 2
| Measure group | Control group | A group | B group | C group | D group |
| The combustion heat | 20.13±0.12 | 18.21±0.19 | 17.26±0.14 | 16.55±0.21 | 16.30±0.13 |
As can be seen from Table 2, after adding cow dung in honeycomb briquette, because the calorific value of cow dung is less, so the calorific value of cow dung and coal dust mixed firing reduces along with the increase of cow dung addition, but its calorific value is all at more than 16.00kJ/g.Between C group and D group, difference is not remarkable, mainly because biomass type honeycomb briquette there occurs synergy between coal and cow dung in combustion.With coal facies ratio, containing abundant hydrogen and oxygen in cow dung, the part hydrogen in combustion in cow dung and oxygen can be had an effect with the carbon in coal, so the calorific value adding the honeycomb briquette of cow dung adds with slightly higher than the simple algebraically of coal and cow dung calorific value.From rule, along with the addition of cow dung increases, calorific value reduces gradually, but the amplitude reduced reduces gradually, this be due to when cow dung content 40% time and 50% time, the difference between the content of its volatile matter and the content of fixed carbon is lower relative to the difference between 20% and 30%.
3.3 environmental effect indexs
3.3.1 carbonic acid gas
By using the method for gas chromatograph to measure gas concentration lwevel, the gas concentration lwevel of its different proportioning is as shown in table 3.
The carbon dioxide content discharged in Honeycomb Briquette For Civil Use respectively organized by table 3
| Measure group | Carbon dioxide content (PPM) |
| Control group | 5138.68±48.64 |
| A group | 4949.61±159.65 |
| B group | 4693.76±25.56 |
| C group | 4460.47±35.27 |
| D group | 4312.73±51.71 |
Show according to the study, in cow dung, the content of carbon is lower by more than 30% than the content of carbon in coal.In cow dung the content (28.56%) of carbon comparatively in cinder content (43.77%) low, all describe the CO after cow dung burning
2content is lower than coal dust.So after fermentation cow dung and coal dust mixing manufacture honeycomb briquette burning after measurement result, as shown in Table 3, because in cow dung after fermenting, the content of fixed carbon is lower compared with the content of coal dust fixed carbon, then along with the ratio of cow dung of fermenting in honeycomb briquette improves, in its combustion processes, the quantity discharged of carbonic acid gas presents the rule of successively decreasing.Also be so reduce gradually to the soiling value of environment, the environmental stress brought to air also reduces gradually, and the data from A group (20%) to D group (50%) are found out, when cow dung content reaches A group, and its CO
2value decrease 189.07PPM relative to control group, decrease 678.21PPM when C group (40%), decrease 825.95 when D group (50%), visible reduced value increases gradually.Changing value between C group (40%) and B group (30%) is 233.29PPM, C group (40%) is 147.74 with D group (50%) changing value.Visible, the CO that cow dung content can bring when cow dung is increased to 40%
2reduce changing value just to reduce gradually, according to analysis, be the reduction due to fixed carbon and volatile content on the one hand, be also that the increase of cow dung effectively can extenuate the discharge of CO2 on the other hand.
3.3.1 sulfurous gas
The sulfur dioxide concentration data results discharged in each group of Honeycomb Briquette For Civil Use is as shown in table 4.
The sulfur dioxide concentration discharged in Honeycomb Briquette For Civil Use respectively organized by table 4
| Mensuration group | Content of sulfur dioxide (mg/ml) |
| Control group | 160.25±11.79 |
| A group | 130.00±4.69 |
| B group | 106.25±4.79 |
| C group | 91.75±4.27 |
| D group | 79.00±2.16 |
Show according to the study, in cow dung, the content of element sulphur is lower by more than 22% than the content of element sulphur in coal.After fermentation in cow dung containing relatively many CaO, the mineral substance such as MgO, these basic metal mineral substance can with sulfurous gas reacting generating salt, thus decrease the discharge of sulfurous gas, reduce the Sulphur Dioxide rate in moulded coal.Alkaline earth metal component in biomass ash partly can catch sulfurous gas, and its CER can reach 7%.The volatile content of cow dung is the nearly twice of coal, and at the burning initial stage, volatile matter is separated out in a large number and burnt, and greatly reduces oxygen concentration, naturally inhibits the generation of a part of sulfurous gas.Cow dung itself has certain xylogen and humic acids, and they have huge specific surface area, also has stronger adsorptive power to sulfurous gas.Visible, the SO2 content discharged after cow dung burning and coal facies ratio, be worth less.
As shown in Table 4, along with the ratio of cow dung of fermenting in honeycomb briquette improves, in its combustion processes, the emission concentration of sulfurous gas presents the rule of successively decreasing.As can be seen from data sheet, the difference between C group (40%) and D group (50%) is minimum.When D group (50%), the SO discharged
2content is minimum.
3.3.2 weight determination
Each group of honeycomb briquette weight determination result is as shown in table 5.
The weight determination result unit of honeycomb briquette respectively organized by table 5: Kg
| Measure group | Control group | A group | B group | C group | D group |
| Weighed average | 0.512 | 0.4105 | 0.377 | 0.329 | 0.333 |
As shown in table 5, along with after fermentation, the ratio that mixes with coal dust of cow dung increases, and the weight of honeycomb briquette is with regard to reduction gradually, and wherein down ratio is slowing down gradually, control group and A group (20%) down ratio maximum, there is not down ratio in C group (40%) and D group (50%).The reason of this phenomenon may be: along with the minimizing of coal dust content, weight reduces gradually, but in time reducing to certain cow dung content gradually, the amplitude of minimizing just decreases, and at this moment main by weight lays particular emphasis on cow dung weight.
4. conclusion
In sum, by considering the index of all respects, honeycomb briquette of the present invention, can not only provide the sufficient combustion value needed for life, and combustion application is more convenient, and after burning, shaping ratio is better, and the environmental pollution that can bring is less.Can not only environmental pollution be alleviated, and energy scarcity problem can also be alleviated, have good practical popularization significance.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.
Claims (5)
1. the honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make, it is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 20%-50% fermenting-ripening and 50%-80% coal dust, the cow dung of described fermenting-ripening is by taking cow dung as percent by weight, the zymophyte of 0.01-0.02%, 0.5-1% powdered rice hulls is added in cow dung, pile up, interval turning, fermentation to cow dung color is brownish black, quality is soft, odorless is obtained, the cow dung water content of fermenting-ripening is 35%-40%, and fermentation time is 15-20 days; By the cow dung of fermenting-ripening after the natural air drying of short period of time, air-dry time is 5-7 days, and now, the water content of the cow dung of the fermenting-ripening after air-dry is 30%; Again the cow dung of the fermenting-ripening after air-dry is mixed with coal dust, pulverizes, is uniformly mixed, compression moulding, then natural air drying.
2. a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following weight percent: the cow dung of 40% fermenting-ripening and 60% coal dust.
3. a kind of honeycomb briquette utilizing the cow dung of fermentation to make as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cow dung is beef cattle excrement.
4. prepare a method for the honeycomb briquette as described in claim arbitrary in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ferment: take cow dung as percent by weight, add in cow dung with the powdered rice hulls of the zymophyte of 0.01-0.02%, 0.5-1%, pile up, separated in time turning, ferments to the cow dung that cow dung color is brownish black, quality is soft, odorless is fermenting-ripening;
(2) mixing moulding: the cow dung of fermenting-ripening is mixed with coal dust, pulverizes, is uniformly mixed, compression moulding, natural air drying.
5. prepare the method for honeycomb briquette as claimed in claim 4 for one kind, it is characterized in that, turning in described step (1) is spaced apart 2 days once, coal dust in described step (2) is pulverized anthracite, and the cow dung of fermenting-ripening mixes with coal dust, is pulverized by pulverizer, recycling stirrer is uniformly mixed, a small amount of water is added alternatively, compression moulding, natural air drying during mixing.
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| CN105112121A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2015-12-02 | 梁永香 | Novel biomass charcoal block |
| CN106479593A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-08 | 贵州省仁怀市金平养殖场 | A kind of composite biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
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