CN103298592B - 多孔板 - Google Patents
多孔板 Download PDFInfo
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- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于热塑性塑料材料的制粒装置的多孔板(1),其具有喷嘴口(2),其中多孔板(1)的至少一个侧面在至少一个区域中具有功能层(3),其中功能层(3)与多孔板的基底材料相比是热绝缘的,并且比多孔板的基底材料更耐磨损,且由瓷釉涂层构成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及如权利要求1前序部分所述的用于热塑性塑性材料的制粒装置的多孔板,其具有喷嘴口。
背景技术
一般来说,制粒装置常常用于粒化热塑性材料如聚乙烯或聚丙烯,其中熔融的塑性材料被挤压通过多孔板的喷嘴口进入冷却液例如水中,在那里被切割装置切断,切割装置的至少一个刀片越过多孔板的喷嘴口从而产生颗粒。例如执行水下制粒方法的对应装置被称为水下制粒机,例如来自厂商AutomatikPlasticsMachineryGmbH的货品名称为的水下制粒机。在这种制粒装置中,多孔板的磨损较高,特别是在喷嘴口的区域中,因为多孔板上具有较高的力,切割装置通过该力被驱动。另外,由于多孔板与热的、熔融的塑性材料和与冷却液以及制粒装置的其他部件直接接触,所以在多孔板的区域中出现高的热应力。此外,例如,在具有用于水下热模面粒化的模头的设计的***的加工过程中,会出现下列问题:与冷却液(例如生产用水)的接触剧烈地冷却模头,因此剧烈地冷却熔体通道。因此,在制粒装置的多孔板中需要良好的热绝缘以及高度的磨损防护,以便,第一,确保对应的制粒装置的可靠操作,和第二,使使用寿命尽可能地长。
美国专利US4678423描述了一种用于制粒装置中的模板装置,其中可以由玻璃质材料制成的绝缘层设在其中的主体和其中的前金属板之间,前金属板具有喷嘴口。
WO03/031132A1描述了位于用于粒化塑料的挤压机的制粒头的前表面上的制粒多孔板,其中为了热绝缘和磨损防护,该制粒多孔板被设计为单体式陶瓷板体。于是该陶瓷体多孔板可以对制粒头上喷射,也就是说用于塑料熔体的对应供应入口,它可通过冷缩配合安装到其上,或它可通过螺纹安装到其上。
一般而言,目前也采用这样的多孔板,其必须在制造过程中经受某种比较昂贵的表面硬化步骤,例如通过碳化物涂层,尽管这种多孔板时常没有特别有利的热绝缘性质。
发明内容
因而,本发明的目标是提供一种多孔板,其使得能通过简单的设计手段和以可能的最经济的方式在高耐磨性的同时提供最佳的热绝缘。另外,根据本发明将能获得多孔板的最长的可能使用寿命。
本发明的目标通过具有权利要求1所述特征的制粒装置的多孔板实现,在从属权利要求中限定了优选实施例。
本发明的用于热塑性塑料材料的制粒装置的多孔板具有喷嘴口。根据本发明,在多孔板的至少一个侧面上,多孔板在至少一个区域中,例如在装置的操作过程中被刀片越过的喷嘴口的至少一个区域中,另外具有功能层。根据本发明,与多孔板的基底材料相比,功能层是热绝缘的,并且比多孔板的基底材料更耐磨损,且由瓷釉涂层构成。根据本发明的多孔板也可以在至少一整个侧面上具有功能层。根据本发明的瓷釉涂层优选地包括具有影响熔融行为、材料强度、粘附力、耐磨损性和耐热冲击性的添加剂的非晶形的、SiO2-基的物质作为绝缘和磨损防护层。
因此,根据本发明带来了多孔板的基底材料和本发明多孔板的功能层区域中的瓷釉涂层的性质结合的特别优点。特别地,这个特性的多孔板能提供均质的热绝缘层,同时在功能层的区域中提供耐磨损性,而避免了由于与制粒装置的其他元件相比这样设计的本发明多孔板的不同热膨胀系数所引起的对涂层的可能的损害。
本发明的第一应用在于给线料切粒机的多孔板上瓷釉。由于上瓷釉,由抽气冷却或经过的空气所引起的热损失减少。对喷射水产生的局部冷却的敏感性减小,操作性得到改善。另外的应用在于水下和空冷热模面制粒的领域,其中热防护层也可用作磨损防护层。
根据本发明的瓷釉涂层减少了来自喷嘴口区域的整个热传递(例如,作为喷嘴环的布置)从而使得能以比目前行业中通常的例如挤压机或熔体泵的供应压力低得多的供应压力操作,而没有热塑性塑料材料或聚合物在模头中固化的危险。
在多孔板的区域中结合金属材料使用非金属材料通常必然伴有下列问题:金属和非金属材料具有完全不同的热膨胀系数。装置的操作和清洗通常要求的温度范围在这方面是大约450℃,因此,内应力可能容易伴随整体结合的材料对出现,其可能对材料加压超过材料的最大强度,从而导致破坏。
带有作为特种玻璃的瓷釉的根据本发明的涂层的区别性特征和优点实际上在于它能在应力下产生微裂纹结构,其容许超过固态材料的应力的弹性变形。另外,使得微孔性的形成变得可能,其减小了热导率并且也减小了裂纹传播。然而,瓷釉的使用还容许某些制造优点:凹面可被填满,并且磨损防护层在制造过程中整体地结合到表面。结果,喷嘴口可被提供为具有圆锥形壁的毛细管喷嘴。在这里应该保持壁厚度总体上足够厚,以使得毛细管既不会由于主要压力而沿着管轴线被撕开,也不会由于在压力降的过程中在仍然是出口的部分中通过摩擦传递到壁的剪切应力而沿圆周方向分离。两个力都朝着喷嘴口的出口减小,所以从毛细管起点附近由机械考虑确定的最小壁厚度开始,朝着这样设计的喷嘴口的出口,最佳壁厚度接近零。
根据本发明的瓷釉涂层典型地具有比结构钢和不锈钢的热导率低的因子为25的热导率。
在根据本发明的多孔板的一个优选实施例中,瓷釉功能层的层厚度d处于5.0mm至10.0mm的范围内。
在根据本发明的多孔板的另一个优选实施例中,如上面已经描述的,瓷釉功能层是多微孔的,特别优选地其孔尺寸小于10μm。
通常,瓷釉功能层布置在根据本发明的多孔板的表面上,优选地在板的整个表面上,热塑性塑性材料从喷嘴口出来离开该板。
在根据本发明的多孔板的另一个优选实施例中,瓷釉功能层可以构造为多层的形式,优选地由具有不同成分的瓷釉材料构造。
根据本发明的多孔板的喷嘴口的每一个都可以覆有毛细管,毛细管也穿过瓷釉功能层。
穿过瓷釉功能层(即,绝缘和磨损防护层)的毛细管可以具有任何所需的内部横截面形状,但优选地圆柱形的横截面形状,并且其壁厚度可以朝着喷嘴出口有规则地减小,优选地如此成形以使得产生截锥形。
为了补偿喷嘴口区域中可能的边缘碎片,熔体输出通道的出口可以设有适当薄壁的、嵌入的细管,其可以通过例如激光焊接或钎焊紧密地安装在那里。细管最初从表面突出,然后给多孔板的面对生产用水的那侧涂以瓷釉使其具有可能的最厚的层。细管容许涂层达到出口。在下一个步骤中,将瓷釉的表面与细管一起磨平,这么做是为了均等至某一个层厚度。
根据本发明的多孔板的优选实施例,瓷釉功能层的硬度范围从500HV至700HV,优选地具有600HV的硬度。
根据本发明的优选实施例,瓷釉功能层的导热系数范围从1W/mK至2W/mK。
瓷釉功能层的热膨胀系数可以优选地对应于多孔板的纯基底材料的热膨胀系数或至少仅仅偏离它在±10%的范围内。这又进一步改善了根据本发明这样设计的多孔板的热膨胀性质,因为可以在包括功能层的整个多孔板上提供热膨胀系数的最大可能的均一性。
关于多孔板的最均一和匹配的可能的热膨胀系数,多孔板的基底材料可以优选地是金属或金属合金,特别优选地是钢或钢合金。
附图说明
下面作为例子参考附图详细地说明本发明,附图示出了:
图1根据本发明优选实施例的具有功能层的多孔板的放大的剖开部分的示意性截面图;和
图2根据本发明的多孔板的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
图1以截面图示意性地示出了用于热塑性塑料材料的造粒装置的多孔板1的放大的剖开部分,其中功能层3与多孔板的基底材料相比是热绝缘的,并且比多孔板的基底材料更耐磨损,功能层3由瓷釉涂层构成,其层厚度(d)例如为5.00mm。喷嘴口2可以都覆有毛细管4,毛细管4也穿过瓷釉功能层3。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明优选实施例的多孔板的截面图,其中具有由瓷釉涂层构成的功能层3的多孔板1可以安装在例如制粒装置(图2中未示出)的挤压机或熔体泵的出口区域上。多孔板1可以被实现为单体的,例如由一个部件构成。熔融的热塑性塑性材料通过熔体通道5供应到本发明的多孔板1的喷嘴口2并在那里离开,其中在离开之后它被切割装置(图2中同样未示出)切断,产生热塑性塑料材料的颗粒。根据本发明的功能层3可以仅仅提供在多孔板1的一个区域中,该区域例如位于喷嘴口2的区域中,因为在该位置中磨损防护是特别有利的并且是首先所希望的,因为切割装置的刀片在那里旋转。与此对比,图2示出了一优选实施例,其中多孔板1的整个侧面或表面都被提供有功能层3,其使导热性的性质最佳化,特别是在根据本发明的这样设计的多孔板3的整个侧面上导热性是对应地均一的。图2的截面中所示的开口中的顶部喷嘴口2被表示为覆有毛细管4,其也穿过瓷釉功能层3。
如图2中所示的装置例如可以用于水下制粒机中。
Claims (16)
1.用于热塑性塑料材料的水下制粒装置的多孔板(1),其具有喷嘴口(2),其中所述多孔板(1)的至少一个侧面在至少一个区域中具有功能层(3),
其特征在于
所述功能层(3)与所述多孔板的基底材料相比是热绝缘的,并且比所述多孔板的基底材料更耐磨损,且由瓷釉涂层构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)的层厚度(d)处于5.0mm至10.0mm的范围内。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)是多微孔的。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)布置在所述多孔板的表面上,热塑性塑料材料从所述喷嘴口(2)出来离开所述多孔板。
5.如权利要求4所述的多孔板,其中所述瓷釉功能层布置在所述多孔板的整个表面上。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)构造为多层的形式。
7.如权利要求6所述的多孔板,其中所述瓷釉功能层(3)由具有不同成分的瓷釉材料构造。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述喷嘴口(2)的每一个都覆有毛细管(4),所述毛细管也穿过所述瓷釉功能层(3)。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)的硬度范围从500HV至700HV。
10.如权利要求9所述的多孔板,其中所述瓷釉功能层(3)具有600HV的硬度。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)的导热系数范围从1W/mK至2W/mK。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述瓷釉功能层(3)的热膨胀系数对应于所述多孔板的纯基底材料的热膨胀系数或仅仅偏离所述多孔板的纯基底材料的热膨胀系数在±10%的范围内。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其特征在于所述多孔板的基底材料是金属或金属合金。
14.如权利要求13所述的多孔板,其中所述多孔板的基底材料是钢。
15.如权利要求13所述的多孔板,其中所述多孔板的基底材料是合金钢。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的多孔板,其中的水下制粒装置也能够利用冷却液。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011008257A DE102011008257A1 (de) | 2011-01-11 | 2011-01-11 | Lochplatte |
DE102011008257.3 | 2011-01-11 | ||
PCT/EP2011/005853 WO2012095125A1 (de) | 2011-01-11 | 2011-11-21 | Lochplatte |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN103298592A CN103298592A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
CN103298592B true CN103298592B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN201180064411.1A Expired - Fee Related CN103298592B (zh) | 2011-01-11 | 2011-11-21 | 多孔板 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20130287876A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2663437A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014505608A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103298592B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013014908A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011008257A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI562879B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012095125A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012012061A1 (de) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | Automatik Plastics Machinery Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Granulieren von Schmelzematerial |
DE102013103664B4 (de) | 2013-04-11 | 2016-09-01 | Reduction Engineering Gmbh | Granuliervorrichtung für Kunststoffe |
EP3933059A1 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-05 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Process for the preparation of a polycarbonate |
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US4678423A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1987-07-07 | Montedison S.P.A. | Die for hot die face cutting thermoplastic polymers |
BE1009344A3 (nl) * | 1995-04-12 | 1997-02-04 | Dyka Plastics Naamloze Vennoot | Mondstuk voor het extruderen van kunststof. |
WO2003031132A1 (de) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-17 | Econ Maschinenbau Und Steuerungstechnik Gmbh | Granulierlochplatte |
CN1875036A (zh) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-12-06 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 熔体断裂的减少 |
EP2110218A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | Vanni Arisi | Device for plastic material extrusion |
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GB1274052A (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1972-05-10 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co | Improvements in or relating to the moulding of synthetic resins |
JPS6161808A (ja) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-29 | ミユースコ・マレイ・ヒユーストン・インコーポレーテツド | 改良された押出ダイプレート構造体 |
JP3382281B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-22 | 2003-03-04 | 株式会社太洋工作所 | 熱可塑性樹脂射出成形用金型 |
JPH07246617A (ja) * | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-26 | Fujio Murata | 廃プラスチックの再生処理装置 |
JP3492416B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-13 | 2004-02-03 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 樹脂含浸ダイおよびそれを用いた長繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂の製造方法 |
DE19515473A1 (de) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-31 | Werner & Pfleiderer | Unterwasser-Granulierlochplatte mit Verschleißschutzschicht |
DE20100303U1 (de) * | 2001-01-09 | 2001-04-26 | C.F. Scheer & Cie. GmbH & Co., 70435 Stuttgart | Einlaufschacht für Kunststoffstranggranulator |
JP2002326261A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-12 | Hitoshi Hara | ガラス質層またはほうろう被覆型スクリュおよびそのスクリュを備えた射出または押出装置 |
DE202005001809U1 (de) * | 2005-02-04 | 2005-04-14 | C.F. Scheer & Cie. Gmbh & Co. | Lochplatte für einen Unterwassergranulator |
DE102007015541A1 (de) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-02 | C.F. Scheer & Cie. Gmbh & Co. | Düsenplatte für Unterwassergranulierer |
DE102008062519A1 (de) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Automatik Plastics Machinery Gmbh | Lochplatte und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
-
2011
- 2011-01-11 DE DE102011008257A patent/DE102011008257A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-21 BR BR112013014908A patent/BR112013014908A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-11-21 EP EP11787614.4A patent/EP2663437A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-21 CN CN201180064411.1A patent/CN103298592B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-21 JP JP2013548747A patent/JP2014505608A/ja active Pending
- 2011-11-21 WO PCT/EP2011/005853 patent/WO2012095125A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-11-30 TW TW100143860A patent/TWI562879B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-06-25 US US13/925,963 patent/US20130287876A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4678423A (en) * | 1984-02-02 | 1987-07-07 | Montedison S.P.A. | Die for hot die face cutting thermoplastic polymers |
BE1009344A3 (nl) * | 1995-04-12 | 1997-02-04 | Dyka Plastics Naamloze Vennoot | Mondstuk voor het extruderen van kunststof. |
WO2003031132A1 (de) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-17 | Econ Maschinenbau Und Steuerungstechnik Gmbh | Granulierlochplatte |
CN1875036A (zh) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-12-06 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 熔体断裂的减少 |
EP2110218A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | Vanni Arisi | Device for plastic material extrusion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014505608A (ja) | 2014-03-06 |
WO2012095125A1 (de) | 2012-07-19 |
EP2663437A1 (de) | 2013-11-20 |
DE102011008257A1 (de) | 2012-07-12 |
CN103298592A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
TWI562879B (en) | 2016-12-21 |
US20130287876A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
BR112013014908A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
TW201235176A (en) | 2012-09-01 |
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