CN103199254B - A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103199254B
CN103199254B CN201310115596.5A CN201310115596A CN103199254B CN 103199254 B CN103199254 B CN 103199254B CN 201310115596 A CN201310115596 A CN 201310115596A CN 103199254 B CN103199254 B CN 103199254B
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lithium ion
negative material
graphite negative
ion batteries
graphite
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CN103199254A (en
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岳敏
梁艳
闫慧青
邓明华
黄友元
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BTR New Material Group Co Ltd
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Shenzhen BTR New Energy Materials Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/243,186 priority patent/US10096822B2/en
Priority to JP2014076289A priority patent/JP6334231B2/en
Priority to KR20140040184A priority patent/KR20140120861A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/16—Preparation
    • C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
    • C01B2202/34—Length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
    • C01B2202/36—Diameter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof.Graphite negative material of lithium ion battery of the present invention is the CNT and/or the composite of carbon nano-fiber grown containing graphite matrix, the surface coating layer of coated graphite matrix and the surface in situ at surface coating layer.Its preparation method is included under solid phase or liquid phase environment the material with carbon element presoma of cladding and forms the surface coating layer of amorphous carbon through carbonization, is then had CNT and/or the carbon nano-fiber of high conduction performance in the formation of this surface coating layer surface by CVD method.The amorphous carbon that the cladding mode that this solid phase is combined with gas phase with gas phase or liquid phase makes graphite matrix surface be formed is more uniform, fine and close.Compared with prior art, graphite negative material of lithium ion battery of the present invention has the advantages that first charge-discharge efficiency is high, high/low temperature cyclical stability is excellent.Its first charge-discharge efficiency is up to more than 95%, circulates the capability retention of 528 times more than 92%.

Description

A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery negative material field, in particular it relates to a kind of lithium-ion electric Pond graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Commercial lithium-ion batteries carbons negative material is mainly native graphite and Delanium.Wherein, natural Graphite is poor with compatibility of electrolyte, is susceptible to solvation lithium ion and embeds altogether, make graphite linings occur during charging Peeling off, and then electrolyte continues to react with graphite linings, the stable circulation performance causing battery is very poor.Mesh Front be mainly material modification technology constructs nucleocapsid structure, doping, table by heterogeneous coating technology Surface coating Face oxidation etc., and then improve chemical property.But still suffer from problems, between such as electrode material granules And and collector between loose contact, sheet resistance is big, and peel strength is poor, circulation in charge and discharge process Expanding, the problems referred to above have had a strong impact on cycle life and the stability of lithium ion battery.
Chinese patent CN102299308A reports a kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof, This material be by chemical gaseous phase depositing process directly graphite matrix surface in situ growth formed CNT and/ Or the answering of carbon nano-fiber and the CNT being blended between graphite matrix and/or carbon nano-fiber composition Condensation material.The electric discharge using this material to improve lithium ion battery as graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is held Amount, high rate performance, imbibition and cycle performance.But the specific surface area of the method resulting materials is relatively big, and And the surface coating layer that utilizes merely vapour deposition to be formed is the most loose, can make to be formed in charge and discharge process The less stable of SEI film, can consume more electrolyte, and the high temperature circulation stability causing battery is the most poor.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of silicon/carbon/graphite in lithium ion batteries to bear Pole material, described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery has that high rate performance is high, high/low temperature cyclical stability is excellent Different feature.
This graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is containing graphite matrix, the surface coating layer of coated graphite matrix And surface coating layer surface in situ grow CNT and/or the composite of carbon nano-fiber.
Preferably, interlamellar spacing D of this composite002Being 0.3356～0.347nm, specific surface area is 1～20m2/ g, Described surface coating layer is the amorphous carbon formed through carbonization by material with carbon element presoma, this surface coating layer and stone The mass ratio of ink matrix is 0.01:100～15:100；Described CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber are network structure, Average length is 0.5～100 μm, and average diameter is 10～500nm, this CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber with The mass ratio of graphite matrix is 0.01:100～15:100.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provide graphite negative material of lithium ion battery include graphite matrix, The surface coating layer of coated graphite matrix and the CNT grown at the surface in situ of surface coating layer and/or carbon Nanofiber, this surface coating layer is by the carbon material being coated on graphite matrix surface by solid phase or liquid phase mode The amorphous carbon that material precursor is formed after carbonization, this CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber are at catalyst The CNT with electric conductivity formed on surface coating layer surface by CVD method under effect and/ Or carbon nano-fiber.The cladding mode that this solid phase is combined with gas phase with gas phase or liquid phase makes graphite-based body surface The amorphous carbon that face is formed is more uniform, fine and close, not only increases the compatibility of graphite matrix and electrolyte, Solve simultaneously and expand and the problem poor with pole piece adhesive property at removal lithium embedded process in which materials, thus reach fall Low internal resistance, improves the electric conductivity of material, high rate performance, the purpose of high/low temperature cyclical stability.
An object of the present invention also resides in the preparation method providing a kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, The graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that application the method obtains has high rate performance height, high/low temperature stable circulation Property excellent feature.
The preparation method of described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) graphite substrate material is mixed to get compound with the material with carbon element presoma containing catalyst；
(2) under protective atmosphere, it is warming up to 200～1800 DEG C carries out chemical gaseous phase deposition, the most warm, Cooling obtains described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Preferably, carry out after step (2):
(3) sieve, except magnetic, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that granularity is 1～50 μm.
Preferably, it is mixed into solid phase mixing or liquid-phase mixing described in step (1).
Preferably, described solid phase mixing uses the most modified VC mixer, cone-type mixer, ball mill, mixes Pinch any a kind in machine and fusion machine, more preferably the most modified VC mixer.
Preferably, the rotating speed of described high speed modification VC mixer is 100～8000rpm, such as 110rpm, 190rpm、210rpm、490rpm、510rpm、1000rpm、2000rpm、3000rpm、4000rpm、 4900rpm, 5100rpm, 5900rpm, 6100rpm, 7000rpm, 7500rpm, 7990rpm etc., enter One step is preferably 200～6000rpm, particularly preferably 500～5000rpm.
Preferably, the incorporation time of described high speed modification VC mixer is 1～300min, such as 1.9min, 2.1min、4min、6min、10min、20min、50min、100min、179min、181min、200min、 235min, 245min, 270min, 295min etc., more preferably 2～240min, particularly preferably 5～180min.
Preferably, described liquid-phase mixing uses homogenizer or sol-gel process mixing, more preferably Homogenizer stirring mixing, particularly preferably homogenizer is stirred mixing in a solvent, then does Dry, obtain compound.
Preferably, the mixing speed of described homogenizer is 100～12000rpm, such as 110rpm, 190rpm、210rpm、350rpm、490rpm、510rpm、1000rpm、2000rpm、4000rpm、 6000rpm、7500rpm、7900rpm、8100rpm、9000rpm、9900rpm、10100rpm、11000rpm、 11900rpm etc., more preferably 200～10000rpm, particularly preferably 500～8000rpm.
Preferably, the mixing time of described homogenizer is 1～300min, such as 1.9min, 2.1min, 4min、6min、10min、20min、50min、100min、150min、179min、181min、200min、 235min, 245min, 270min, 295min etc., more preferably 2～240min, particularly preferably 5～180min.
Preferably, the mixing temperature of described liquid-phase mixing is 5～95 DEG C, such as 6 DEG C, 7 DEG C, 9 DEG C, 11 DEG C, 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 89 DEG C, 91 DEG C, 93 DEG C, 94 DEG C etc., more preferably 8～92 DEG C, particularly preferably 10～90 DEG C.
Preferably, the solvent of described liquid-phase mixing is water and/or organic solvent.
Preferably, during the organic solvent of described liquid-phase mixing is oxolane, amide, alcohol and ketone a kind or The combination of at least 2 kinds, more preferably oxolane, dimethyl acetylamide, C1-C6 alcohol and C3-C8 In ketone a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds, described C1-C6 alcohol can be methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, third Alcohol, isopropanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, glycerol, n-butyl alcohol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-fourth two In alcohol, BDO, n-amyl alcohol or 2-hexanol a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds, described C3-C8 ketone can Think acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, ethyl propyl ketone, methyl In butyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone or methyl hexyl ketone. a kind or at least 2 kinds Combination, particularly preferably oxolane, dimethyl acetylamide, ethanol, glycerol, isopropanol, acetone, In N-Methyl pyrrolidone a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；The typical but non-limiting example of described combination Have: oxolane and the combination of the combination of the combination of ethanol, oxolane and glycerol, ethanol and glycerol, The combination etc. of the combination of ethanol, glycerol and isopropanol, glycerol and acetone.
Preferably, the solvent of described liquid-phase mixing and the mass ratio of graphite substrate material are 0.5:10～50:10, example As 0.6:10,0.9:10,1.1:10,2:10,5:10,9:10,15:10,19:10,25:10,29:10,31:10, 39:10,41:10,45:10,49:10 etc., more preferably 1:10～40:10, particularly preferably 1:10～30:10.
Preferably, described dry employing spray dryer, sucking filtration machine or freezer dryer, more preferably Spray dryer.
Preferably, the inlet temperature of described spray dryer is 110～500 DEG C, such as 120 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 160 DEG C, 200 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 345 DEG C, 360 DEG C, 390 DEG C, 410 DEG C, 490 DEG C etc., further preferably It is 130～400 DEG C, particularly preferably 150～350 DEG C；The outlet temperature of described spray dryer is 20～250 DEG C, Such as 30 DEG C, 34 DEG C, 36 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 49 DEG C, 51 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 145 DEG C, 155 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 190 DEG C, 210 DEG C, 245 DEG C etc., more preferably 35～200 DEG C, particularly preferably 50～150 DEG C；Institute The pressure stating spray dryer is 5～150MPa, such as 6MPa, 8MPa, 9MPa, 11MPa, 20MPa, 50MPa, 95MPa, 105MPa, 115MPa, 125MPa, 145MPa etc., more preferably 7～120MPa, particularly preferably 10～100MPa；The loading frequency of described spray dryer is 2～200Hz, Such as 3Hz, 4Hz, 6Hz, 9Hz, 11Hz, 30Hz, 50Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 98Hz, 102Hz, 130Hz, 155Hz, 165Hz, 180Hz, 195Hz etc., more preferably 5～160Hz, particularly preferably It is 10～100Hz.
Preferably, step (1) described graphite substrate material is natural flake graphite, micro crystal graphite, crystallization arteries and veins In shape graphite, Delanium, natural spherical plumbago, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, electrically conductive graphite a kind or at least 2 The combination planted；The typical but non-limiting example of described combination has: natural flake graphite and the group of micro crystal graphite Closing, micro crystal graphite and the combination of crystallization veiny graphite, Delanium, natural spherical plumbago and mesocarbon are micro- The combination etc. of the combination of ball, carbonaceous mesophase spherules and electrically conductive graphite.
Preferably, step (1) described graphite substrate material phosphorus content is more than 85%, and axial ratio is 1.0～4.5, Particle mean size is 3～40 μm.
Preferably, step (1) described material with carbon element presoma is self to contain catalyst or by solid phase or liquid Phase method introduces the chemical substance of catalyst.
Preferably, described chemical substance be furane resins, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, poly-furfural, poly-third Enol, polyvinyl alcohol, polrvinyl chloride, Polyethylene Glycol, poly(ethylene oxide), Kynoar, acrylic acid tree Fat, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, poly-propyl benzene, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyhenylene, polyphenylene ethylene, poly bis In alkynes, selected from coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；Described combination is typical but non-limiting Example have: furane resins and the combination of phenolic resin, poly-furfural and the combination of POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polyvinyl alcohol, Polrvinyl chloride and the combination of the combination of Polyethylene Glycol, poly(ethylene oxide) and Kynoar, polyphenylene ethylene and The combination etc. of the combination of poly bis alkynes, coal tar pitch and asphalt.
Preferably, step (1) described material with carbon element presoma with the mass ratio of graphite substrate material is 0.01:100～40:100, such as 0.05:100,0.09:100,0.11:100,0.45:100,0.55:100,1:100, 2:100、5:100、9:100、15:100、20:100、29:100、31:100、34:100、36:100、39:100 Deng, more preferably 0.1:100～35:100, particularly preferably 0.5:100～30:100.
Preferably, described catalyst is metal simple-substance, metal-oxide, alloy, salt, Organometallic compounds In thing and layered double hydroxide a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；Described metal simple-substance is the most excellent Elect the simple substance of ferrum, cobalt, nickel, described metal-oxide more preferably Ni as0.5Mg0.5O、MgO、FeO、 Fe2O3、NiO、CoO、Co2O3、Co3O4, described alloy more preferably Er-Ni, Ni-Al, Ni-Cu-Al, Ni-La-Al alloy, described salt more preferably nitrate, sulfate, metal halide, particularly preferably For Fe (NO3)3、Ni(NO3)2、Co(NO3)2、NiSO4、FeCl3, described organo-metallic compound is further It is preferably ferrocene；Layered double-metal hydroxide more preferably Co-Al-CO3LDHs、 Mg-Al-CO3 2-LDHs。
Preferably, the content of described catalyst is less than 10%, such as 9%, 7%, 6%, 4%, 2%, 1.1%, 0.9%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01% etc., more preferably less than 8%, the most excellent Elect less than 5% as.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of between described step (1) and (2):
(2a) compound of step (1) gained is carried out low-temperature carbonization or pyrographite under protective atmosphere Change, respectively obtain cryogenic carbon material or pyrographite material.
Preferably, step (2a) described low-temperature carbonization detailed process is: by the compound of step (1) gained Put in the configured crucible of STOL kiln, tunnel cave, roller kilns or roaster, under protective atmosphere, with The programming rate of 20 DEG C/below min is warming up to 200～2000 DEG C, below low-temperature carbonization 60h, then lowers the temperature.
Preferably, 20 DEG C/below the min of programming rate during step (2a) described low-temperature carbonization, example As 0.1 DEG C/min, 0.2 DEG C/min, 0.4 DEG C/min, 0.6 DEG C/min, 0.9 DEG C/min, 1.1 DEG C/min, 2 DEG C/min, 5℃/min、9℃/min、11℃/min、14℃/min、16℃/min、17℃/min、18℃/min、19℃/min Deng, more preferably 0.5～15 DEG C/min, particularly preferably 1～10 DEG C/min.
Preferably, the temperature 200 during step (2a) described low-temperature carbonization～2000 DEG C, such as 230 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 290 DEG C, 310 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 1000 DEG C, 1700 DEG C, 1790 DEG C, 1810 DEG C, 1990 DEG C etc., More preferably 240～1900 DEG C, particularly preferably 300～1800 DEG C.
Preferably, step (2a) described protective atmosphere is noble gas, more preferably nitrogen, argon In gas, helium, neon a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
Preferably, the flow of step (2a) described protective atmosphere is 20m3/ below h, more preferably 0.05～15m3/ h, particularly preferably 0.1～10m3/h。
Preferably, step (2a) the described low-temperature carbonization time is below 60h, such as 59h, 55h, 50h, 49h, 47h, 40h, 30h, 20h, 15h, 12h, 8h, 5h, 2h, 0.5h, 0.1h etc., particularly preferably It is 0～48h.
Preferably, step (2a) described high temperature graphitization detailed process is: by the mixing of step (1) gained Material is put in the configured crucible of graphitizing furnace, under protective atmosphere, with the programming rate of 20 DEG C/below min It is warming up to 2500～3500 DEG C, below high temperature graphitization 60h, then lowers the temperature.
Preferably, 20 DEG C/below the min of programming rate during step (2a) described high temperature graphitization, Such as 0.1 DEG C/min, 0.2 DEG C/min, 0.4 DEG C/min, 0.6 DEG C/min, 0.9 DEG C/min, 1.1 DEG C/min, 2 DEG C/min, 5℃/min、9℃/min、11℃/min、14℃/min、16℃/min、17℃/min、18℃/min、19℃/min Deng, more preferably 0.5～15 DEG C/min, particularly preferably 1～10 DEG C/min.
Preferably, the temperature 2500 during step (2a) described high temperature graphitization～3500 DEG C, such as 2600℃、2680℃、2720℃、2800℃、2900℃、3000℃、3190℃、3210℃、3490℃ Deng, particularly preferably 2700～3200 DEG C.
Preferably, step (2a) the described high temperature graphitization time is below 80h, such as 79h, 65h, 59h, 55h, 50h, 49h, 47h, 40h, 30h, 20h, 15h, 12h, 8h, 5h, 2h, 0.5h, 0.1h etc., Particularly preferably 0～48h.
The process of described step (2) is carried out in revolving burner, tube furnace or carbon shirt-circuiting furnace, particularly preferably in rotation Converter is carried out.
Preferably, the detailed process of described step (2) is: at the furnace chamber of revolving burner, tube furnace or carbon shirt-circuiting furnace In, under protective atmosphere, it is warming up to 200～1800 DEG C, is incubated below 6h, is then continually fed into carbon source gas Body is also incubated below 12h, then stops being passed through carbon-source gas, continues to be passed through protective gas, through lowering the temperature To described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), described protective atmosphere is noble gas, enters one Step is preferably a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds in nitrogen, argon, helium, neon.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), the flow of described protective atmosphere is 20L/min Hereinafter, such as 19L/min, 18L/min, 16L/min, 14L/min, 11L/min, 9L/min, 8L/min, 5L/min, 2L/min, 1L/min, 0.2L/min, 0.1L/min etc., more preferably below 15L/min, Particularly preferably 0.05～10L/min.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), the rotary speed of described furnace chamber be 100rpm with Under, such as 2rpm, 5rpm, 10rpm, 19rpm, 21pm, 40rpm, 49rpm, 51rpm, 70rpm, 90rpm, 99rpm etc., more preferably below 50rpm, particularly preferably below 20rpm.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), described programming rate is 80 DEG C/below min, example As 0.2 DEG C/min, 0.5 DEG C/min, 1 DEG C/min, 2 DEG C/min, 5 DEG C/min, 10 DEG C/min, 20 DEG C/min, 40 DEG C/min, 49 DEG C/min, 51 DEG C/min, 59 DEG C/min, 61 DEG C/min, 70 DEG C/min, 79 DEG C/min etc., More preferably 60 DEG C/below min, particularly preferably 0.1～50 DEG C/min.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), it is warming up to 200～1800 DEG C, such as 240 DEG C, 290℃、310℃、500℃、700℃、1000℃、1200℃、1290℃、1310℃、1490℃、 1510 DEG C, 1600 DEG C, 1790 DEG C etc., more preferably 200～1500 DEG C, particularly preferably 300～1300 DEG C.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), be incubated below 6h, such as 0.4h, 0.6h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.9h, 3.1h, 4h, 4.4h, 4.6h, 5h, 5.9h etc., more preferably below 4.5h, Particularly preferably 0.5h～3h.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), the carbon-source gas being passed through is methane, acetylene, second In alkene, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, benzene, thiophene a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；Described combination allusion quotation Type but nonrestrictive example have: methane and the combination of the combination of acetylene, acetylene and ethylene, methane, acetylene Combination etc. with the combination of ethylene, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), be passed through the flow of carbon-source gas be 20L/min with Under, such as 19L/min, 18L/min, 16L/min, 14L/min, 11L/min, 9L/min, 8L/min, 5L/min, 2L/min, 1L/min, 0.2L/min, 0.1L/min etc., more preferably below 15L/min, Particularly preferably 0.05～10L/min.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), it is continually fed into carbon-source gas and is incubated below 12h, Such as 11.9h, 11h, 10h, 9h, 8.1h, 7.9h, 7h, 6.1h, 5.9h, 5h, 2h, 1h, 0.5h etc., More preferably below 8h, particularly preferably below 6h.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), the mode of described cooling uses in furnace wall and furnace wall The mode of compressed air or Temperature fall it is passed through between interior heat-conducting layer.
Preferably, in the detailed process of described step (2), described cooling, for being cooled to less than 100 DEG C, is entered One step is preferably naturally cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery granularity that described step (3) obtains is 1～50 μm, Such as 1.2 μm, 2.8 μm, 3.2 μm, 5.2 μm, 10.5 μm, 20.6 μm, 25.9 μm, 32.8 μm, 40.5 μm, 49.5 μm are particularly preferably 3～50 μm.
Preferably, the preparation method of described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) self being contained or introduce mass fraction by solid phase or liquid phase process is less than 5% catalyst Material with carbon element presoma and graphite substrate material carry out solid phase according to the ratio that mass ratio is 0.5:100～30:100 Mixing or liquid-phase mixing, obtain compound；Wherein, described catalyst be metal simple-substance, metal-oxide, In alloy, salt, organo-metallic compound and layered double hydroxide a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；
(2) compound of step (1) gained is carried out low-temperature carbonization or pyrographite under protective atmosphere Change, respectively obtain cryogenic carbon material or pyrographite material；
(3) by cryogenic carbon material or the pyrographite material of step (2) gained, under protective atmosphere, It is warming up to 300～1300 DEG C, is incubated below 6h, then passes to carbon-source gas, at 300～1300 DEG C, protect Temperature below 12h, continues to be passed through protective gas, obtains described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery through cooling；
(4) sieve, except magnetic, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that granularity is 1～50 μm.
In the method for the invention, graphite substrate material is mixed to get with the material with carbon element presoma containing catalyst Compound, material with carbon element presoma forms the surface coating layer of amorphous carbon, this table under solid phase or liquid phase environment Roll cover has crystallinity difference and the advantage good with compatibility of electrolyte, thus improves the reversible of negative material Embedding lithium capacity and stable circulation performance.Catalyst is formed on the surface of this surface coating layer and is catalyzed activity uniformly Point, then under its catalytic action, by CVD method, on the surface of this surface coating layer, formation has The CNT of electric conductivity and/or carbon nano-fiber, this CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber have conductivity Good and that mechanical strength is high advantage, is conducive to improving high rate performance and the processing characteristics of negative material, should simultaneously The existence of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber can increase lithium storage content.In a word, this solid phase and gas phase or The amorphous carbon that the cladding mode that liquid phase is combined with gas phase makes graphite matrix surface be formed is more uniform, fine and close, Not only increase the compatibility of graphite matrix and electrolyte, solve simultaneously and expand at removal lithium embedded process in which materials And the problem poor with pole piece adhesive property.
In the present invention, if no special instructions, "/" mean " with ".
The present invention compared with prior art, has first charge-discharge efficiency height, high/low temperature cyclical stability excellence Feature.Its first charge-discharge efficiency is up to more than 95%, improves 3～5% than prior art；Circulate 528 times Capability retention more than 92%；High rate performance 10C/1C ratio improves 4～5%.Synthetic method of the present invention Simply, easily operated, cost of manufacture is cheap, it is easy to accomplish large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the surface SEM figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery；
Fig. 2 is the section SEM figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery；
What Fig. 3 was the embodiment of the present invention 2 with comparative example 1 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is the most forthright Can comparison diagram；
Fig. 4 is the circulation performance map of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery；
Fig. 5 is the high temperature 0.6C charge and discharge circulation of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Performance map；
Fig. 6 is the room temperature 1C charge and discharge cyclicity of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Can figure.
Detailed description of the invention
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment.Those skilled in the art it will be clearly understood that The only help of described embodiment understands the present invention, is not construed as the concrete restriction to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the natural spherical plumbago of 3～40 μm, be placed in VC-500 type and mix In conjunction machine, introduce the coal tar pitch that mass ratio is 0.5:100 with natural spherical plumbago and carry out solid phase mixing, rotating speed For 5000rpm, incorporation time is 5min, obtains compound；Compound is placed in the crucible of tunnel cave configuration In, mixture volume is the 50% of crucible capacity, with 10m3/ h flow is passed through nitrogen, with 0.1 DEG C/min's Programming rate is warming up to 300 DEG C, heat treatment 1h；Being placed in revolving burner by above-mentioned heat-treated products, rotating speed is 1rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 0.05L/min, is warming up to 300 DEG C with 0.1 DEG C/min of programming rate, protects Hold 0.5h, be passed through carbon-source gas natural gas with the flow of 0.05L/min subsequently and carry out vapour deposition, keep 5h, Then stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue to be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 0.05L/min, after keeping 6h, use It is passed through cold air between heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall and carries out being cooled to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through nitrogen Gas；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, processes Temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second, obtains the lithium-ion electric that particle mean size is 12.9 μm Pond graphite cathode material.
Embodiment 2
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the natural flake graphite of 3～40 μm, be placed in VC-500 type and mix In conjunction machine, introduce the asphalt that mass ratio is 30:100 with natural flake graphite and carry out solid phase mixing, turn Speed is 500rpm, and incorporation time 180min obtains compound；Compound is placed in the crucible of tunnel cave configuration In, mixture volume is the 10% of crucible capacity, with 10m3/ h flow is passed through nitrogen, with the liter of 20 DEG C/min Temperature speed is warming up to 1300 DEG C, heat treatment 30h；Being placed in revolving burner by above-mentioned heat-treated products, rotating speed is 20rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 10L/min, is warming up to 1300 DEG C with 50 DEG C/min of programming rate, protects Hold 1h, be passed through carbon-source gas methane with the flow of 10L/min subsequently and carry out vapour deposition, keep 0.1h, so Rear stopping is passed through carbon-source gas, continues to be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 10L/min, after keeping 6h, uses at stove It is passed through the mode that cold air carries out lowering the temperature between heat-conducting layer in wall and furnace wall and is down to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through Nitrogen；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, place Reason temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second；Obtain the lithium ion that mean diameter is 11.9 μm Battery graphite cathode material.
Embodiment 3
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the Delanium of 3～40 μm, be placed in VC-150 type mixer In, introducing the coal tar pitch that mass ratio is 10:100 with Delanium and carry out solid phase mixing, rotating speed is 3000rpm, Incorporation time is 150min, obtains compound；Compound is placed in the crucible of tunnel cave configuration, compound Volume is the 50% of crucible capacity, with 5m3The flow of/h is passed through nitrogen, with the programming rate liter of 10 DEG C/min To 600 DEG C, heat treatment 10h；Being placed in revolving burner by above-mentioned heat-treated products, rotating speed is 10rpm, with 5L/min Flow be passed through nitrogen, be warming up to 900 DEG C with 25 DEG C/min of programming rate, keep 3h, subsequently with 5L/min Flow be passed through carbon-source gas acetylene and carry out vapour deposition, keep 3h, then stop being passed through carbon-source gas, hold Continue and be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 5L/min, after keeping 3h, use between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall It is passed through cold air and carries out being cooled to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through nitrogen；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, Except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, electromagnetic hammer cycle It is 20 times/second, obtains the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 16.9 μm.
Embodiment 4
1%Fe (NO will be mixed3)3Acrylic resin be added to the water, use homogenizer carry out liquid phase mix Closing, speed of agitator is 8000rpm, and mixing time is 5min, and temperature is 90 DEG C, is then 85% by phosphorus content Above, granularity be that the carbonaceous mesophase spherules of 3～40 μm joins in said mixture, wherein acrylic resin with The mass ratio of carbonaceous mesophase spherules is 0.1:100, continues to use homogenizer to carry out liquid-phase mixing, and stirring turns Speed is 8000rpm, and mixing time is 5min, and solvent for use water is 2:1 with the mass ratio of carbonaceous mesophase spherules, Employing spray dryer is dried, and inlet temperature is 350 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 150 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa, loading frequency is 10Hz；Being placed in revolving burner by above-mentioned heat-treated products, rotating speed is 5rpm, It is passed through argon with the flow of 15L/min, is warming up to 800 DEG C with 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, keep 2h, with After be passed through carbon-source gas acetylene with the flow of 5L/min, carry out vapour deposition, keep 3h, stop being passed through carbon source Gas, continues to be passed through argon with the flow of 5L/min, keeps 3h, use the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall Between be passed through cold air and carry out being cooled to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through argon；Carry out gains sieving, removing Magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 5 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer hits Number of times is 20 times/second, obtains the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 18.2 μm.
Embodiment 5
5%Fe (NO will be mixed3)3Acrylic resin join in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), adopt Carrying out liquid-phase mixing with homogenizer, speed of agitator is 500rpm, and mixing time is 180min, and temperature is 10 DEG C, then by phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be that the natural spherical plumbago of 3～40 μm joins above-mentioned In mixture, wherein acrylic resin is 0.01:100 with the mass ratio of natural spherical plumbago, continues to use at a high speed Blender carries out liquid-phase mixing, and speed of agitator is 500rpm, and mixing time is 180min, solvent for use N- Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is 3:1 with the mass ratio of natural spherical plumbago, uses spray dryer to carry out Being dried, inlet temperature is 150 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 50 DEG C, and pressure is 10MPa, and loading frequency is 100Hz； Being placed in revolving burner by heat-treated products, rotating speed is 0.5rpm, is passed through neon with the flow of 20L/min, with 0.2 DEG C/min of programming rate is warming up to 600 DEG C, keeps 1h, is passed through carbon source gas with the flow of 0.5L/min subsequently Body acetylene, carries out vapour deposition, keeps 1h, stops being passed through carbon-source gas, continues the flow with 0.5L/min It is passed through neon, keeps 2h, use and between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall, be passed through what cold air carried out lowering the temperature Mode is down to less than 100 DEG C, stops being passed through neon；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 5 Secondary, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second, To the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 12.8 μm.
Embodiment 6
By 4%Fe (NO3)3Solid phase mixes in asphalt, is placed in solid phase mixing in VC-500 type mixer, Rotating speed is 5000rpm, and incorporation time is 5min, obtains mixture；By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity It is the natural spherical plumbago of 3～40 μm, is placed in VC-500 type mixer, introduce and natural spherical plumbago Mass ratio is that the said mixture of 7:100 carries out solid phase mixing, and rotating speed is 5000rpm, incorporation time 5min, Obtain compound；Being placed in revolving burner by compound, rotating speed is 15rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 9L/min Gas, rises to 1000 DEG C with the programming rate of 15 DEG C/min, keeps 2h, is passed through with the flow of 9L/min subsequently Carbon-source gas acetylene, carries out vapour deposition, keeps 0.5h, stops being passed through carbon-source gas, continues with 9L/min Flow be passed through nitrogen, keep 5h, use and be passed through cold air between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall and carry out The mode of cooling is down to less than 100 DEG C, stops being passed through nitrogen；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic Number is 5 times, and magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times / the second, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 11.4 μm.
Embodiment 7
The poly(ethylene oxide) mixing 0.01%Ni is joined in dimethyl acetylamide, uses homogenizer to enter Row liquid-phase mixing, speed of agitator is 5000rpm, and mixing time is 20min, and temperature is 30 DEG C, then will contain The crystallization veiny graphite that carbon amounts is more than 85%, granularity is 3～40 μm joins in said mixture, wherein Poly(ethylene oxide) is 40:100 with the mass ratio of crystallization veiny graphite, continues to use homogenizer to carry out liquid phase Mixing, speed of agitator is 5000rpm, and mixing time is 120min, solvent for use dimethyl acetylamide and knot The mass ratio of brilliant veiny graphite is 1:10, uses spray dryer to be dried, and inlet temperature is 280 DEG C, goes out Mouth temperature is 120 DEG C, and pressure is 50MPa, and loading frequency is 50Hz；Heat-treated products is placed in graphitization In the configured crucible of stove, it is passed through helium with the flow of 10L/min, is warming up to the programming rate of 10 DEG C/min 2700 DEG C, high temperature graphitization 48h, then lowers the temperature；Being placed in revolving burner by high temperature graphitization product, rotating speed is 50rpm, is passed through helium with the flow of 0.05L/min, is warming up to 1500 DEG C with 60 DEG C/min of programming rate, protects Hold 4.5h, be passed through carbon-source gas liquefied petroleum gas with the flow of 0.05L/min subsequently, carry out vapour deposition, protect Hold 0.5h, stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue to be passed through helium with the flow of 10L/min, keep 3h, use It is passed through cold air between heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall and carries out being cooled to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through helium Gas；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 5 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, processes Temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second, obtains the lithium-ion electric that mean diameter is 19.8 μm Pond graphite cathode material.
Embodiment 8
10%Ni will be mixed0.5Mg0.5The epoxy resin of O joins in oxolane, uses homogenizer to enter Row liquid-phase mixing, speed of agitator is 10000rpm, and mixing time is 20min, and temperature is 92 DEG C, then will The micro crystal graphite that phosphorus content is more than 85%, granularity is 3～40 μm joins in said mixture, its medium ring Epoxy resins is 35:100 with the mass ratio of micro crystal graphite, continues to use homogenizer to carry out liquid-phase mixing, stirs Mixing rotating speed is 10000rpm, and mixing time is 240min, solvent for use oxolane and the quality of micro crystal graphite Ratio is 40:10, uses spray dryer to be dried, and inlet temperature is 400 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 200 DEG C, Pressure is 150MPa, and loading frequency is 200Hz；Heat-treated products is placed in the configured crucible of graphitizing furnace, It is passed through the mixed gas of nitrogen and argon with the flow of 10L/min, is warming up to the programming rate of 1 DEG C/min 3200 DEG C, high temperature graphitization 0.5h, then lowers the temperature；High temperature graphitization product is placed in revolving burner, rotating speed For 100rpm, it is passed through the mixed gas of nitrogen and argon with the flow of 10L/min, with 80 DEG C/min of programming rate It is warming up to 1800 DEG C, keeps 6h, be passed through carbon-source gas thiophene with the flow of 20L/min subsequently, carry out gas phase Deposition, keeps 8h, stops being passed through carbon-source gas, continues to be passed through nitrogen and argon with the flow of 10L/min Mixed gas, keeps 4h, employing to be passed through cold air between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall and be cooled to Less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through the mixed gas of nitrogen and argon；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic Number of times is 5 times, and magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 Secondary/second, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 18.2 μm.
Embodiment 9
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the Delanium of 3～40 μm, be placed in VC-500 type mixer In, introducing the coal tar pitch that mass ratio is 5:100 with Delanium and carry out solid phase mixing, rotating speed is 3000rpm, Incorporation time 50min, obtains compound；Compound is placed in the crucible that graphitizing furnace is configured, compound Volume is the 70% of crucible capacity, with 2m3The flow of/h is passed through nitrogen, heats up with the programming rate of 1 DEG C/min To 2800 DEG C, high temperature graphitization 10h, then lowers the temperature；Above-mentioned high temperature graphitization product is placed in revolving burner, Rotating speed is 15rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 0.5L/min, is warming up to 800 DEG C with 0.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, Keep 3h, be passed through carbon-source gas acetylene with the flow of 0.5L/min subsequently, carry out vapour deposition, keep 3h, Stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue to be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 0.5L/min, keep 3h, use in furnace wall and It is passed through the mode that cold air carries out lowering the temperature between heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and is down to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through nitrogen Gas；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, processes Temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second；Obtain the lithium-ion electric that mean diameter is 49.6 μm Pond graphite cathode material.
Embodiment 10
15%Fe (NO will be mixed3)3Acrylic resin join in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), adopt Carrying out liquid-phase mixing with homogenizer, speed of agitator is 500rpm, mixing time 180min, and temperature is 50 DEG C, then by phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be that the native graphite of 1～40 μm joins above-mentioned mixing In thing, wherein acrylic resin is 10:100 with the mass ratio of native graphite, continues to use homogenizer to enter Row liquid-phase mixing, speed of agitator 500rpm, mixing time 180min, solvent for use N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) mass ratio with native graphite is 2:1, uses spray dryer to carry out gas phase and is dried, import temperature Degree is 250 DEG C, and outlet temperature is 110 DEG C, and pressure is 10MPa, and loading frequency is 50Hz；By compound Being placed in the crucible of graphitizing furnace configuration, mixture volume is the 70% of crucible capacity, with 1m3The flow of/h It is passed through nitrogen, is warming up to 3000 DEG C with the programming rate of 0.5 DEG C/min, high temperature graphitization 5h, then lowers the temperature； Being placed in revolving burner by above-mentioned high temperature graphitization product, rotating speed is 0.5rpm, is passed through with the flow of 15L/min Nitrogen, is warming up to 600 DEG C with 0.2 DEG C/min of programming rate, keeps 1h, leads to the flow of 0.5L/min subsequently Enter carbon-source gas acetylene, carry out vapour deposition, keep 1h, stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue with 0.5L/min Flow be passed through nitrogen, after keeping 2h, use and be passed through cold air between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall and enter The mode of row cooling is down to less than 100 DEG C, stops being passed through nitrogen；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic Number of times is 5 times, and magnetic induction is 10000Gs, and treatment temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 Secondary/second；Obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that mean diameter is 1.2 μm.
Comparative example 1
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the natural flake graphite of 3～40 μm, be placed in revolving burner, Rotating speed is 10rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 5L/min, is warming up to 900 DEG C with 25 DEG C/min of programming rate, Keep 3h, be passed through carbon-source gas acetylene with the flow of 5L/min subsequently, carry out vapour deposition, keep 3h, Stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue to be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 5L/min, after keeping 3h, use in furnace wall And be passed through the mode that cold air carries out lowering the temperature between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and be down to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through nitrogen Gas；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, processes Temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second；Obtain the lithium-ion electric that mean diameter is 12.9 μm Pond graphite cathode material.
Comparative example 2
By phosphorus content be more than 85%, granularity be the spherical natural graphite of 3～40 μm, be placed in revolving burner, Rotating speed is 20rpm, is passed through nitrogen with the flow of 10L/min, is warming up to 600 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min of programming rate, Keep 3h, be passed through carbon-source gas acetylene with the flow of 10L/min subsequently, carry out vapour deposition, keep 3h, Stop being passed through carbon-source gas, continue to be passed through nitrogen with the flow of 10L/min, after keeping 3h, use in furnace wall And be passed through the mode that cold air carries out lowering the temperature between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and be down to less than 100 DEG C, stop being passed through nitrogen Gas；Carry out gains sieving, except magnetic, except magnetic number of times is 3 times, magnetic induction is 10000Gs, processes Temperature is 10 DEG C, and electromagnetic hammer cycle is 20 times/second；Obtain the lithium-ion electric that mean diameter is 15.3 μm Pond graphite cathode material.
Use the graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery material that embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1 and 2 are prepared by following methods Material is tested:
Graphite negative material of lithium ion battery prepared by the present invention, uses the scanning electron of Hitachi, Ltd S4800-I Microscope observes pattern, and tests CNT and/or the length of carbon nano-fiber and diameter.
Use PW3040/60X ' the Pert x-ray diffractometer test crystal interlayer of PANalytical instrument company of Holland Away from D002, the crystal layer space D of embodiment 1～10002In the range of all falling within 0.3356～0.347nm.
Use nitrogen displacement BET method test specific surface area.
The mass ratio adopting gauging surface clad and graphite matrix with the following method is:
Surface coating layer burns at it with the mass ratio=material with carbon element presoma quality × material with carbon element presoma of graphite matrix Carbon yield/graphite matrix quality under junction temperature.
Equation below is used to calculate the mass ratio of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber and graphite matrix:
In the case of the most not including low-temperature carbonization or high temperature graphitization step:
Mass ratio=(the gained composite quality-mix of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber and graphite matrix Product quality after material heat treatment)/graphite matrix quality；
B. in the case of including low-temperature carbonization step:
Mass ratio=(the gained composite quality-mix of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber and graphite matrix Product quality after material low-temperature carbonization)/graphite matrix quality；
C. in the case of including high temperature graphitization step:
Mass ratio=(the gained composite quality-mix of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber and graphite matrix Product quality after material high temperature graphitization)/graphite matrix quality.
It should be noted that due to product (the carbon nanometer that may generate different nano-form under different condition Pipe, carbon nano-fiber), other is local with " CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber " the most herein and in literary composition Represent the product of all nano-form in gained composite.It is clear and definite that reader should be understood that it is meant that.
Malvern laser particle analyzer MS 2000 is used to test the flat of material particle size scope and feed particles All particle diameters.
Result above is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Use following methods test chemical property: the lithium of Example 1～10 and comparative example 1 and 2 preparation from Sub-battery graphite cathode material is as negative material, respectively with binding agent butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), carboxymethyl fibre Dimension element sodium (CMC) than mixed pulp, obtains the slurry that solid content is 40% according to the quality of 96.5:1.5:2.0, It is applied in the copper foil current collector of 10 μ m-thick, and vacuum dried, roll-in, it is prepared as negative plate；Positive electrode Use LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO4Or LiFePO4, use the LiPF of 1mol/L6Three component mixing are molten Agent is by EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1(v/v) electrolyte that mixes, using PE/PP/PE composite membrane is barrier film, Conventional production process is used to assemble 18650 type battery cells.Use the blue electricity battery test system of Wuhan gold promise CT2001C battery testing system, test graphite negative material of lithium ion battery discharge capacity first and Efficiency first.Fast charging and discharging performance evaluation uses 1C charging, the most respectively with 1C, 5C, 10C, 20C Discharge with the discharge current of 30C, the change of electric discharge capacity.
Embodiment 1～10 and comparative example 1 and 2 prepared by the electrochemistry of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery survey Test result is as shown in table 2 and table 3.
Table 2
Table 3
As it is shown in figure 1, the surface SEM figure of embodiment 1 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery shows table CNT that EDS maps is netted and/or carbon nano-fiber.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the section SEM figure of embodiment 1 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery shows stone The interlayer of ink matrix is distributed netted CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber.
As it is shown on figure 3, embodiment 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery at 5C, 10C, 20C and Capability retention under the discharge-rate of 30C is compared comparative example 1 and is substantially had superiority.
As shown in Figure 4, the circulation performance map of embodiment 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery shows Show that the charge and discharge cycles capability retention of 528 weeks reaches 92%, illustrate that cyclical stability is excellent.
As it is shown in figure 5,60 DEG C of circulation volumes of high temperature of embodiment 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery Conservation rate 300 weeks 82%, shows that gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery has good high temperature circulation Can, with electrolyte compatibility better performances.
As shown in Figure 6, the room temperature 1C loop-around data of embodiment 2 gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery shows Show, circulate the capacity still having 82.5% 1185 weeks, show that gained graphite negative material of lithium ion battery has excellent Different cycle performance.
From above experimental result, graphite negative material of lithium ion battery tool prepared by the method for the invention Having the chemical property of excellence, first charge-discharge efficiency is high, high/low temperature stable circulation.Analyzing its reason is: On the basis of CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber improve chemical property, fine and close outside graphite matrix, all The surface coating layer of even amorphous carbon improves chemical property further.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates detailed process equipment and the technique of the present invention by above-described embodiment Flow process, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technological process, i.e. do not mean that the present invention Have to rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technological process could be implemented.Person of ordinary skill in the field should This understands, any improvement in the present invention, and the equivalence of raw material each to product of the present invention is replaced and auxiliary element Interpolation, concrete way choice etc., within the scope of all falling within protection scope of the present invention and disclosure.

Claims (106)

1. a graphite negative material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that described graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery Material is containing graphite matrix, the carbon surface clad of coated graphite matrix and on the surface of carbon surface clad The CNT of growth in situ and/or the composite of carbon nano-fiber；
Described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is mainly made by the steps and obtains:
(1) graphite substrate material is mixed to get compound with the material with carbon element presoma containing catalyst；
(2a) compound of step (1) gained is carried out low-temperature carbonization or pyrographite under protective atmosphere Change, respectively obtain cryogenic carbon material or pyrographite material；
(2) in the furnace chamber of revolving burner, tube furnace or carbon shirt-circuiting furnace, under protective atmosphere, it is warming up to 200～1800 DEG C, it is incubated below 6h, is then continually fed into carbon-source gas and is incubated below 12h, then stopping It is passed through carbon-source gas, continues to be passed through protective atmosphere, obtain described graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery material through cooling Material.
2. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described compound Interlamellar spacing D of material002Being 0.3356～0.347nm, specific surface area is 1～20m2/ g, described carbon surface is coated with Layer is the amorphous carbon formed through carbonization by material with carbon element presoma, described carbon surface clad and graphite matrix Mass ratio is 0.01:100～15:100；Described CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber are network structure, the longest Degree is 0.5～100 μm, and average diameter is 10～500nm, described CNT and/or carbon nano-fiber and graphite The mass ratio of matrix is 0.01:100～15:100.
3. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) Carry out afterwards:
(3) sieve, except magnetic, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that granularity is 1～50 μm.
4. the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that step (1) solid phase mixing or liquid-phase mixing it are mixed into described in.
5. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described solid phase Mixing uses appointing in the most modified VC mixer, cone-type mixer, ball mill, kneading machine and fusion machine Anticipate a kind.
6. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described solid phase Mixing uses the most modified VC mixer.
7. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described high speed The rotating speed of modified VC mixer is 100～8000rpm.
8. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described high speed The rotating speed of modified VC mixer is 200～6000rpm.
9. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described high speed The rotating speed of modified VC mixer is 500～5000rpm.
10. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described height The incorporation time of the modified VC mixer of speed is 1～300min.
11. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described height The incorporation time of the modified VC mixer of speed is 2～240min.
12. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that described height The incorporation time of the modified VC mixer of speed is 5～180min.
13. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid Mixing uses homogenizer or sol-gel process mixing mutually.
14. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid Mixing uses homogenizer stirring mixing mutually.
15. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid Mixing uses homogenizer to be stirred mixing in a solvent mutually, is then dried, obtains compound.
16. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing speed of described homogenizer is 100～12000rpm.
17. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing speed of described homogenizer is 200～10000rpm.
18. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing speed of described homogenizer is 500～8000rpm.
19. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing time of described homogenizer is 1～300min.
20. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing time of described homogenizer is 2～240min.
21. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claims 14 or 15, it is characterised in that The mixing time of described homogenizer is 5～180min.
22. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The mixing temperature mixed mutually is 5～95 DEG C.
23. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The mixing temperature mixed mutually is 8～92 DEG C.
24. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The mixing temperature mixed mutually is 10～90 DEG C.
25. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The solvent mixed mutually is water and/or organic solvent.
26. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that described liquid The organic solvent mixed mutually is a kind in oxolane, amide, alcohol and ketone or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
27. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that described liquid The organic solvent mixed mutually is a kind in oxolane, dimethyl acetylamide, C1-C6 alcohol and C3-C8 ketone Or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
28. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 24, it is characterised in that described liquid The organic solvent mixed mutually be oxolane, dimethyl acetylamide, ethanol, glycerol, isopropanol, acetone, In N-Methyl pyrrolidone a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
29. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The solvent mixed mutually is 0.5:10～50:10 with the mass ratio of graphite matrix.
30. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The solvent mixed mutually is 1:10～40:10 with the mass ratio of graphite matrix.
31. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described liquid The solvent mixed mutually is 1:10～30:10 with the mass ratio of graphite matrix.
32. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that described dry Dry employing spray dryer, sucking filtration machine or freezer dryer.
33. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that described dry Dry employing spray dryer.
34. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The inlet temperature of mist drying machine is 110～500 DEG C.
35. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The inlet temperature of mist drying machine is 130～400 DEG C.
36. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The inlet temperature of mist drying machine is 150～350 DEG C.
37. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The outlet temperature of mist drying machine is 20～250 DEG C.
38. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The outlet temperature of mist drying machine is 35～200 DEG C.
39. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The outlet temperature of mist drying machine is 50～150 DEG C.
40. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The pressure of mist drying machine is 5～150MPa.
41. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The pressure of mist drying machine is 7～120MPa.
42. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The pressure of mist drying machine is 10～100MPa.
43. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The loading frequency of mist drying machine is 2～200Hz.
44. graphite negative material of lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The loading frequency of mist drying machine is 5～160Hz.
45. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 33, it is characterised in that described spray The loading frequency of mist drying machine is 10～100Hz.
46. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that step Suddenly (1) described graphite substrate material is natural flake graphite, micro crystal graphite, crystallization veiny graphite, artificial stone In ink, natural spherical plumbago, carbonaceous mesophase spherules, electrically conductive graphite a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
47. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that step Suddenly (1) described graphite substrate material phosphorus content is more than 85%, and axial ratio is 1.0～4.5, particle mean size It is 3～40 μm.
48. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that step Suddenly (1) described material with carbon element presoma is the change self containing or being introduced by solid phase or liquid phase process catalyst Learn material.
49. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that describedization Material is furane resins, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, poly-furfural, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, polyvinyl alcohol, gathers Vinyl chloride, Polyethylene Glycol, poly(ethylene oxide), Kynoar, acrylic resin, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, Poly-propyl benzene, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyhenylene, polyphenylene ethylene, poly bis alkynes, selected from coal tar pitch and petroleum asphalt In a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
50. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that step (1) Described material with carbon element presoma is 0.01:100～40:100 with the mass ratio of graphite substrate material.
51. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that step (1) Described material with carbon element presoma is 0.1:100～35:100 with the mass ratio of graphite substrate material.
52. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that step (1) Described material with carbon element presoma is 0.5:100～30:100 with the mass ratio of graphite substrate material.
53. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that described in urge Agent is metal simple-substance, metal-oxide, alloy, salt, organo-metallic compound and layered bi-metal hydrogen-oxygen In compound a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
54. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described gold Genus simple substance is the simple substance of ferrum, cobalt, nickel.
55. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described gold Genus oxide is Ni0.5Mg0.5O、MgO、FeO、Fe2O3、NiO、CoO、Co2O3、Co3O4。
56. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described conjunction Gold is Er-Ni, Ni-Al, Ni-Cu-Al, Ni-La-Al alloy.
57. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described salt For nitrate, sulfate, metal halide.
58. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described salt For Fe (NO3)3、Ni(NO3)2、Co(NO3)2、NiSO4、FeCl3。
59. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described in have Machine metallic compound is ferrocene.
60. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 53, it is characterised in that described layer Shape double-metal hydroxide is Co-Al-CO3 2-LDHs、Mg-Al-CO3 2-LDHs。
61. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that described in urge The content of agent is less than 10%.
62. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that described in urge The content of agent is less than 8%.
63. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 48, it is characterised in that described in urge The content of agent is less than 5%.
64. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Described low-temperature carbonization detailed process is: the compound of step (1) gained is put into STOL kiln, tunnel cave, roller In road kiln or the configured crucible of roaster, under protective atmosphere, with the programming rate liter of 20 DEG C/below min Temperature, to 200～2000 DEG C, below low-temperature carbonization 60h, is then lowered the temperature.
65. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Programming rate during described low-temperature carbonization is 0.5～15 DEG C/min.
66. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Programming rate during described low-temperature carbonization is 1～10 DEG C/min.
67. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Temperature during described low-temperature carbonization is 240～1900 DEG C.
68. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Temperature during described low-temperature carbonization is 300～1800 DEG C.
69. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Described protective atmosphere is noble gas.
70. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Described protective atmosphere is a kind in nitrogen, argon, helium, neon or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
71. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) The flow of described protective atmosphere is 20m3/ below h.
72. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) The flow of described protective atmosphere is 0.05～15m3/h。
73. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) The flow of described protective atmosphere is 0.1～10m3/h。
74. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) The described low-temperature carbonization time is for for 0～48h.
75. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2a) Described high temperature graphitization detailed process by: the compound of step (1) gained is put into graphitizing furnace and is configured earthenware In crucible, under protective atmosphere, it is warming up to 2500～3500 DEG C with the programming rate of 20 DEG C/below min, high Below temperature graphitization 80h, then lower the temperature.
76. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 75, it is characterised in that step (2a) Programming rate during described high temperature graphitization is 0.5～15 DEG C/min.
77. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 75, it is characterised in that step (2a) Programming rate during described high temperature graphitization is 1～10 DEG C/min.
78. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 75, it is characterised in that step (2a) Temperature during described high temperature graphitization is 2700～3200 DEG C.
79. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 75, it is characterised in that step (2a) The described high temperature graphitization time is 0～48h.
80. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described protective atmosphere is noble gas.
81. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly in the detailed process of (2), described protective atmosphere be a kind in nitrogen, argon, helium, neon or The combination of at least 2 kinds.
82. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow of described protective atmosphere is below 20L/min.
83. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow of described protective atmosphere is below 15L/min.
84. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow of described protective atmosphere is 0.05～10L/min.
85. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the rotary speed of described furnace chamber is below 100rpm.
86. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the rotary speed of described furnace chamber is below 50rpm.
87. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the rotary speed of described furnace chamber is below 20rpm.
88. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described programming rate is 80 DEG C/below min.
89. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described programming rate is 60 DEG C/below min.
90. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described programming rate is 0.1～50 DEG C/min.
91. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is warming up to 200～1500 DEG C.
92. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is warming up to 300～1300 DEG C.
93. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is incubated below 4.5h.
94. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is incubated 0.5h～3h.
95. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the carbon-source gas being passed through is methane, acetylene, ethylene, natural gas, liquefaction stone In oil gas, benzene, thiophene a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds.
96. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow being passed through carbon-source gas is below 20L/min.
97. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow being passed through carbon-source gas is below 15L/min.
98. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the flow being passed through carbon-source gas is 0.05～10L/min.
99. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is continually fed into carbon-source gas and is incubated below 12h.
100. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is continually fed into carbon-source gas and is incubated below 8h.
101. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), it is continually fed into carbon-source gas and is incubated below 6h.
102. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), the mode of described cooling uses and is passed through between the heat-conducting layer in furnace wall and furnace wall Compressed air or the mode of Temperature fall.
103. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described cooling is for being cooled to less than 100 DEG C.
104. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step Suddenly, in the detailed process of (2), described cooling is for being naturally cooling to room temperature.
105. graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that institute Stating the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery granularity that step (3) obtains is 3～50 μm.
The preparation method of 106. 1 kinds of graphite negative material of lithium ion batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is special Levy and be, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) self being contained or introduce mass fraction by solid phase or liquid phase process is less than 5% catalyst Material with carbon element presoma and graphite substrate material carry out solid phase according to the ratio that mass ratio is 0.5:100～30:100 Mixing or liquid-phase mixing, obtain compound；Wherein, described catalyst be metal simple-substance, metal-oxide, In alloy, salt, organo-metallic compound and layered double hydroxide a kind or the combination of at least 2 kinds；
(2) compound of step (1) gained is carried out low-temperature carbonization or pyrographite under protective atmosphere Change, respectively obtain cryogenic carbon material or pyrographite material；
(3) by cryogenic carbon material or the pyrographite material of step (2) gained, under protective atmosphere, It is warming up to 300～1300 DEG C, is incubated below 6h, then passes to carbon-source gas, at 300～1300 DEG C, protect Temperature below 12h, continues to be passed through protective gas, obtains described graphite negative material of lithium ion battery through cooling；
(4) sieve, except magnetic, obtain the graphite negative material of lithium ion battery that granularity is 1～50 μm.
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