A kind of electric power piston motor that is suitable for exporting positive and negative moment of torsion
The application divides an application, and the application number of original application is 201110027319.X, and the applying date is: on January 25th, 2011, invention and created name is: the electric power piston motor that is suitable for exporting positive and negative moment of torsion.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of motor, specifically is a kind of electric power piston motor that is suitable for exporting positive and negative moment of torsion.
Background technology
Chinese patent document CN101860168A discloses a kind of electric motor; Its conventional engines air feed, fuel feeding, exhaust, ignition system remove; Substitute with electromagnet assembly; Internal piston embeds permanent magnet, and the sense of current through the control electromagnet coil comes control piston upper and lower displacement in cylinder then, and piston is through the external outputting power of connecting bar and crankshaft mechanism.This electric motor is applicable to the vehicles such as automobile, motorcycle.
The patent documentation of similar technique scheme also has CN1996724A, CN1255767A, CN200990555Y etc.
The weak point of above-mentioned electric power piston motor of the prior art is: change the magnetic polarity of electromagnet through the flow through sense of current of electromagnet coil of frequent switching; Thereby the direction of the active force of control electromagnet and piston, and then the shift reciprocately of control piston; But in actual implementation process,, cause to guarantee the power output of motor or the continuity and the stability of moment of torsion because the sense of current of electromagnet coil can not instantaneously change.Therefore, the sense of current that adopt to switch the electromagnet coil of flowing through changes the magnetic polarity of electromagnet, thereby the technical scheme of the direction of displacement of control piston does not have practicality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, Chinese patent document CN101697445A discloses a kind of motor, and it adopts alternately conduction of a pair of magnet exciting coil that is provided with up and down, so that the piston shift reciprocately.But in actual implementation process because the electric current of magnet exciting coil can not instantaneously change, and up and down magnet exciting coil exist crosstalk mutually with magnetic in etc. reason, this scheme also can't be guaranteed the power output of motor or the continuity and the stability of moment of torsion.
How improving the power output of electric power piston motor or the continuity and the stability of moment of torsion, is the technical problem that this area will solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of simple in structure, electric power piston motor of being suitable for exporting positive and negative moment of torsion.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The invention provides a kind of electric power piston motor, it comprises: a plurality of cylinder bodies, the connecting rod of being located at the piston of being processed by permanent magnet in the cylinder body, being located at the bent axle of each cylinder body below and being used for each piston and said bent axle are in transmission connection; The upper end of said cylinder body is provided with the electromagnet with the cylinder body coaxial inner conductor, and magnet spool links to each other with a coil driver; Electromagnet is located on the switching mechanism by CPU element control, and an end of bent axle is provided with flywheel; Said coil driver links to each other with a CPU element; The upper and lower stop place of contiguous cylinder body is provided with the upper and lower stroke switch that links to each other with CPU element respectively; The bottom of said cylinder body is provided with the Hall element that links to each other with said CPU element.
When electric motor car started, the employing start-up system drove said flywheel and said bent axle is rotated, and said CPU element detects the direction of displacement of each piston through the Hall element of each cylinder base; If record the piston forward bottom offset in the cylinder body; Then said CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the magnet spool of this cylinder body top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity of this electromagnet bottom is identical with the magnetic polarity of top land, piston quickens to move down in this cylinder body because of the following repulsion from electromagnet; If record the piston forward top offset in the cylinder body; Then said CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the magnet spool of this cylinder body top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity of the magnetic polarity of this electromagnet bottom and top land is opposite, piston quickens to move in this cylinder body because of the last suction from electromagnet; Treat each magnet spool get electric after, break off said start-up system and keep the sense of current in each coil constant; When said CPU element records piston in the cylinder body and is about to arrive the lower dead center of this cylinder body through said lower stroke switch; The electromagnet of CPU element through this cylinder body top of said switching mechanism control is around the height center line Rotate 180 of this electromagnet °; And the piston of this moment has arrived lower dead center; Because the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet of this moment bottom is opposite with the magnetic polarity of top land, piston begins in this cylinder body to top offset because of the last suction from electromagnet; When said CPU element records this piston and is about to arrive the top dead centre of this cylinder body through said upper stroke switch; The electromagnet of CPU element through this cylinder body top of said switching mechanism control is around 180 ° of the height center line reverse rotations of this electromagnet; And the piston of this moment has arrived top dead centre; Because the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet of this moment bottom is identical with the magnetic polarity of top land, and piston begins to bottom offset because of the following repulsion from electromagnet; So repeatedly, thereby make each piston drive said crankshaft operation, and make the externally positive moment of torsion of output of said flywheel through corresponding connecting rod.
When said bent axle is in operating condition, and need externally export negative torque through said flywheel the time, then said CPU element is controlled said coil driver and is stopped to each coil power supply; If said CPU element records said piston in the same cylinder body to bottom offset through said Hall element; Then CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the coil of this cylinder body top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity of the magnetic polarity of corresponding electromagnet bottom and top land is opposite; With the speed that moves down of reduction piston, thereby brake said bent axle; If said bent axle does not shut down yet; And when CPU element recorded this piston and is about to arrive the lower dead center of this cylinder body through said lower stroke switch, the electromagnet of CPU element through this cylinder body top of said switching mechanism control was around the height center line Rotate 180 of this electromagnet °; Because the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet bottom of this moment is identical with the magnetic polarity of top land, piston is braked said bent axle beginning in top offset, to bear from the following repulsion of electromagnet; If said bent axle does not shut down yet; And when CPU element records this piston and is about to arrive the top dead centre of this cylinder body through said upper stroke switch; The electromagnet of CPU element through this cylinder body top of said switching mechanism control is around 180 ° of the height center line reverse rotations of this electromagnet; Because the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet of this moment bottom is opposite with the magnetic polarity of top land, piston is braked said bent axle because of the last suction from electromagnet; So repeatedly, so that said flywheel is externally exported negative torque, when recording said bent axle and be about to shut down, stop to each coil power supply.
Technique scheme of the present invention is compared prior art and is had the following advantages: (1) electric power piston motor of the present invention in the course of the work, the magnet spool sense of current remains constant; When piston is about to arrive upper and lower stop; The control electromagnet is around 180 ° of its height center line fast rotational; With the magnetic polarity of quick switching electromagnet upper and lower side, thereby make electromagnet produce active force to piston repeatedly, and then drive bent axle and make the externally positive moment of torsion of output of flywheel.The such scheme that the present invention adopts, that has avoided prior art can't realize the time-delay that instantaneous reverse brings because of coil current, and then makes the power output of motor of the present invention or moment of torsion have continuity and stability preferably.(2) motor of the present invention is when starting; Adopt start-up system that said bent axle is rotated; CPU element detects the direction of displacement of each piston through the Hall element in each cylinder body, to each coil the electric current of respective direction is provided through coil driver according to the direction of displacement of each piston then, drives crankshaft operation to realize each piston through corresponding connecting rod; Break off start-up system then, thereby realized the reliable startup of motor of the present invention.(3) when the needs flywheel is externally exported negative torque; CPU element detects the direction of displacement of each piston through the Hall element in each cylinder body; Provide the electric current of respective direction and holding current direction constant through coil driver to each coil according to the direction of displacement of each piston then; Then according to each position of piston; Switch the magnetic polarity of electromagnet upper and lower side through electromagnet fast around the mode of 180 ° of its height center line fast rotational, thereby make electromagnet produce damping force to each piston repeatedly, and then brake bent axle and make said flywheel externally export negative torque.(4) Hall element among the present invention is located at the bottom central of cylinder body; Because two magnetic poles of piston and two magnetic poles of electromagnet distribute with straight line up and down; So the electromagnetic signal that Hall element obtains is basically from piston base; Be the interference that Hall element does not receive electromagnet basically, guaranteed the reliability that piston position detects.(5) among the present invention, each piston is symmetrically distributed in the height center line both sides of cylinder body in corresponding cylinder body, have uniformity and stability preferably to guarantee the active force on each piston action and the bent axle.(6) electric motor car of the present invention is electric automobile, battery-operated motor cycle, electro-tricycle, electronic farm machinery car etc.
Description of drawings
For content of the present invention is more clearly understood, below basis specific embodiment and combine accompanying drawing, the present invention is done further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the electric power piston motor among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 a kind ofly is used to control electromagnet around the switching mechanism of its height center line Rotate 180 ° and the structural representation of cylinder body for what the electric power piston motor among the embodiment adopted;
Fig. 3 is the circuit block diagram of the control circuit of said electric power piston motor;
Fig. 4 is the power train structural map of the electric power piston actuated formula electric motor car among the embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the another kind of said switching mechanism of the electric power piston motor employing among the embodiment and the structural representation of cylinder body.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1-3; The electric power piston motor 20 of present embodiment, it comprises: the cylinder body 1 that a plurality of high resistance non-magnet materials (as: aluminium alloy, copper alloy etc.) are processed, be located at the piston of being processed by permanent magnet 5 in the cylinder body 1, the connecting rod 3 of being located at the bent axle 2 of each cylinder body 1 below and being used for each piston 5 and said bent axle 2 are in transmission connection; The upper end of said cylinder body 1 is provided with the electromagnet 7 with cylinder body 1 coaxial inner conductor, and the coil 8 of electromagnet 7 links to each other with a coil driver; The central authorities of electromagnet 7 are fixed in the horizontal rotating shaft 9, and this rotating shaft 9 is located at cylinder body 1 top through pair of bearing 4; One end of rotating shaft 9 links to each other with a stepping motor 12 transmissions through a gearbox 11, and an end of bent axle 2 is provided with flywheel; Said coil driver links to each other with a CPU element with stepping motor 12; The upper and lower stop place of contiguous cylinder body 1 is provided with the upper and lower stroke switch 13 and 14 that links to each other with CPU element respectively; The bottom central of said cylinder body 1 is provided with the Hall element 15 that links to each other with said CPU element, and the bottom surface central authorities of this said Hall element 15 and said piston 5 relatively.Said Hall element 15 is located in the metal tube of a non-magnet material, this metal tube and said piston 5 coaxial inner conductors.Said upper and lower stroke switch 13 and 14 adopts contact or infrared-type travel switch.Piston 5 is provided with wear-resisting circle.
Each piston 5 is in different travel position in said cylinder body 1, be suitable for continuous driving crank 2 to guarantee connecting rod 3, and makes the moment of torsion of bent axle 2 outputs stable.
When electric motor car starts, adopt start-up system to drive the flywheel on the bent axle 2, so that said bent axle 2 rotates, said CPU element detects the direction of displacement of each piston 5 through the Hall element 15 of each cylinder body 1 bottom; At this moment; If record the piston 5 forward bottom offsets in the cylinder body 1; Then said CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the coil 8 of the electromagnet 7 of this cylinder body 1 top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity of these electromagnet 7 bottoms is identical with the magnetic polarity at piston 5 tops, piston 5 quickens to move down in this cylinder body 1 because of the following repulsion from electromagnet 7; Or; This moment is if record the piston 5 forward top offsets in the cylinder body 1; Then said CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the coil 8 of the electromagnet 7 of this cylinder body 1 top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity at the magnetic polarity of these electromagnet 7 bottoms and piston 5 tops is opposite, piston 5 quickens to move in this cylinder body 1 because of the last suction from electromagnet 7; Treat each electromagnet 7 coil 8 electric after, break off said start-up system and keep the sense of current in each coil 8 constant; Then; When said CPU element records piston 5 in the cylinder body 1 and is about to arrive the lower dead center of this cylinder body 1 through said lower stroke switch 14; CPU element is to pulse signal of said stepping motor 12 outputs; Rotate a fixing angle to drive this stepping motor 12 by the direction of setting, thereby make stepping motor 12, and the piston 5 of this moment has arrived lower dead center through said rotating shaft 9 Rotate 180s of said gearbox 11 controls °; Because the magnetic polarity of electromagnet 7 bottoms of this moment is opposite with the magnetic polarity at piston 5 tops, piston 5 begins in this cylinder body 1 to top offset because of the last suction from electromagnet 7; When said CPU element records this piston 5 and is about to arrive the top dead centre of this cylinder body 1 through said upper stroke switch 13; CPU element is to said stepping motor 12 another pulse signals of output; To drive fixing angle of these stepping motor 12 counter-rotation; Thereby make stepping motor 12 through 180 ° of said rotating shaft 9 reverse rotations of said gearbox 11 controls, and the piston 5 of this moment arrived top dead centre, and piston 5 begin to bottom offset because of time repulsion; So repeatedly, thereby make each piston 5 drive said bent axle 2 runnings, and make the externally positive moment of torsion of output of said flywheel through corresponding connecting rod 3.
Said CPU element detects the position of said piston 5 through Hall element 15; To draw the spacing of said piston 5 and electromagnet 7 in the same cylinder body 1; And adjust the size of current in the said coil 8 through said coil driver in real time according to this spacing size; So that said piston 5 moves past in the journey at upper and lower, keep the size of the active force between piston 5 and the electromagnet 7 stable, so that the continuity of the power of this motor output or moment of torsion is with better stable.
When said bent axle 2 is in operating condition, and need externally export negative torque through said flywheel the time, then said CPU element is controlled said coil driver and is stopped to 8 power supplies of each coil; Then; If said CPU element records said piston 5 in the same cylinder body 1 to bottom offset through said Hall element 15; Then CPU element provides the electric current of respective direction to the coil 8 of this cylinder body 1 top through said coil driver; So that the magnetic polarity at the magnetic polarity of corresponding electromagnet 7 bottoms and piston 5 tops is opposite,, thereby brake said bent axle 2 with the speed that moves down of reduction piston 5.
If said bent axle 2 does not shut down yet; And when CPU element records this piston 5 and is about to arrive the lower dead center of this cylinder body 1 through said lower stroke switch 14; CPU element is to pulse signal of said stepping motor 12 outputs; Rotate a fixing angle to drive this stepping motor 12 by the direction of setting, thereby make stepping motor 12, and the piston 5 of this moment has arrived lower dead center through said rotating shaft 9 Rotate 180s of said gearbox 11 controls °; Because the magnetic polarity of electromagnet 7 bottoms of this moment is identical with the magnetic polarity at piston 5 tops, piston 5 is braked said bent axle 2 beginning in top offset, to bear from the following repulsion of electromagnet 7; If said bent axle 2 does not shut down yet; And when CPU element records this piston 5 and is about to arrive the top dead centre of this cylinder body 1 through said upper stroke switch 13; CPU element is to said stepping motor 12 another pulse signals of output; Driving fixing angle of these stepping motor 12 backward rotation, thereby make stepping motor 12, and the piston 5 of this moment has arrived top dead centre through 180 ° of said rotating shaft 9 reverse rotations of said gearbox 11 controls; Because the magnetic polarity of electromagnet 7 bottoms of this moment is opposite with the magnetic polarity at piston 5 tops, piston 5 is because of braking said bent axle 2 from the last suction of electromagnet 7; So repeatedly, so that said flywheel is externally exported negative torque, when recording said bent axle 2 and be about to shut down, stop to 8 power supplies of each coil.
When the rate of displacement that said CPU element detects each piston 5 through Hall element 15 is lower than preset value (this preset value can obtain through experiment), judge that promptly said bent axle 2 is about to shut down.The electric current of considering coil 8 can not transient change, and therefore when said bent axle 2 is about to shut down, the power supply of early cut-off coil 8 is beneficial to energy-conservation and guarantees that said bent axle 2 can in time shut down.
When needs were externally exported braking torque through said bent axle 2, the electric current that said coil driver provides to said coil 8 was a pulse current.Said coil 8 one sides are provided with air cooling equipment or said coil 8 is located in the oil cooling device; The temperature of the duty ratio of the pulse current in the coil 8 and said coil 8 is linear or non-linear negative correlation, in case principal vertical line circle 8 is overheated.
See Fig. 4, be connected with flywheel on the bent axle in the electric power piston motor 20, flywheel is provided with clutch 21, and the output shaft of clutch 21 is connected with gearbox 22, and the output shaft of gearbox 22 is connected with vehicle drive system; The gear ring of flywheel outer rim and the engagement of the driven wheel of said start-up system.This start-up system adopts the matching used start-up system of of the prior art and existing petrol engine.
Said vehicle drive system comprises: the driving shaft 24 that is in transmission connection through the universal joint 23 and the output shaft of gearbox 22, the differential mechanism 27 that is in transmission connection through another universal joint and driving shaft 24 and the wheel that links to each other through semiaxis 26 transmissions with differential mechanism 27.Wherein, at driving shaft 24 and differential mechanism 27 main reducing gear 25 can be set.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of another kind of said switching mechanism; Electromagnet 7 is located on the pinion 16; And the central shaft of this pinion 16 is located on the central point of electromagnet 7, and this pinion 16 is meshed with a gear wheel 17, and this gear wheel 17 links to each other with said gearbox 11 transmissions; During work; CPU element is to pulse signal of said stepping motor 12 outputs; Rotate a fixing angle to drive this stepping motor 12 by the direction of setting, thereby make stepping motor 12 clockwise or be rotated counterclockwise 180 ° through said gearbox 11, the said pinion 16 of gear wheel 17 controls.
Obviously, the foregoing description only be for clearly the present invention is described and is done for example, and be not to be qualification to execution mode of the present invention.For the those of ordinary skill in affiliated field, on the basis of above-mentioned explanation, can also make other multi-form variation or change.Here need not also can't give exhaustive to all execution modes.And these belong to conspicuous variation or the change that spirit of the present invention extended out and still are among protection scope of the present invention.